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Protection against electric shock

Notes to DIN VDE 0100-410



Contents

Notes on the concept of the standard DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100-410) :2007-06 and the application of the safeguard measure "Automatic break in power supply" ......................... 4 General Requirements (section 410.3) 6 Automatic shutdown (disconnection in case of error) (Section 411.3.2) ..................................... ................ 8 Contact voltage in the TN-system (section 411.4) ......................................... .................................................. ....... 9 Contact voltage at the TT system (Section 9 Selection of protective equipment (Section 411.4.5 and 411.5.2) ..................................... .................................. 10 Maximum disconnection times (Table 41.1) Additional protection for branch circuits for outdoor use and sockets (section Exemption: Section



Foreword Notes on the concept of DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100-410): 2007-06 and the application of Protection measure "Automatic Disconnection of power supply "

In June 2007 a revised edition to DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100-410) appeared. To the individual interpretation of the standards- textes by the responsible planner or Installers of electrical equipment and so on- To avoid deviating interpretations were by the instrumental in the formation of these Norm involved experts from the relevant Standardization bodies, the following explanations written. These are the uniform appli- tion and implementation of the standard support.

This revised edition of the DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100-410): 2007 - 06 is a continuation of the already many Years, the existing provisions regarding on the protective measures to protect against To understand electrical shock.

Modern electrical installations in the private and in the commercial area are characterized by special requirements for their Availability and the comfort. In the application and implementation of the He- directional standard DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100 - 410) :2007-06 must also present valid Planning standards DIN 18015 and RAL-RG 678 be considered.

The standards proposed in the Planning On- distribution of electric circuits and the references to Equipment of the electrical system Also in the planning and execution of the measure- measures to protect against electric shock . account

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Protection against electric shock Transition period

Since 1 June 2007, DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE

0100-410) :2007-06, installation of low- Buildings - Part 4-41: Protection for safety - Protection against electric shock. This standard is for immediate use for new electrical installations as well as Changes or extensions of existing electrical equipment provided. The resulting from the Energy Act in power requirement to use general generally recognized rules of the (electric) technology

is met with.

Possible uncertainties for planners and installers

an electrical system can be avoided be if the new DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100-410) :2007-06, construction of low- voltage equipment - Part 4-41: protective measures men - Protection against electric shock immediately is applied.

For already in planning or under construction electrical equipment is a transitional period until at 1 February 2009. For electrical systems, the put into operation after that date are exclusively subject to the provisions DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100-410) :2007-06.

The "Law on the electricity and gas supply (Energy Act - Energy Management Act) "from 7 In July 2005, § 49 of the following requirements:

(1) "Energy systems shall be constructed and operated so that the technical security guarantees- makes is. It is subject to other legislation, the generally accepted rules to observe the technique. (2) Compliance with the generally accepted rules of technology is suspected, if at Facilities for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, the technical rules of Association of Electrical Engineers (VDE - Regulations), ... been complied with. "

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Protection against electric shock General requirements (Section 410.3) The protection against electric shock is based on the following concept:

In fault-free state, portions of the elec- the electrical system, the one for the human dangerous voltage lead not be touched. Should be a mistake occur leading to a viable human would cause dangerous electrical shock, appropriate protective measures must prevent this.

Suitable combinations of base and error lerschutzvorkehrungen lead to the following for the protection of persons in general and same- valent applicable safeguards: •Automatic power supply cut-

tion (Section 411) •This safeguard allows a base- safeguard measures insulation (Basic insulation) and the application of Covers or enclosures. For the Fehlerschutzvorkehrung are protective devices devices used, the automatic Switching off the power supply from within fixed time effect. Protective devices and Systems on the type of connection to earth tion (TN-system, TT-system or IT system) must be coordinated.

•The application of these protective measures me also requires the grounding of the protective conductor and producing a Protection potential equalization of the heads- tion rail according to DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100-410) :2007-06, Section 411.3.1.

•The Fehlerschutzvorkehrung "functional extra- voltage FELV is "a special form of Protection measure "Automatic shut-off the power supply ", namely, if for Functional reasons, has a nominal voltage of less equal to 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC voltage is required. The cut-off The power supply is a fault with the Primary side of the low voltage power source.

•Double or reinforced insulation (Section 412) •For this protection for the base- safeguard the protection by insulation active parts used. The Fehlerschutzvor- reversal by additional insulation achieved. Alternatively, increased insulation tion, the basic protection and fault protection equally satisfied, are applied.

A protective measure for the protection against electric shock must demzu- follow consist of:

• an appropriate combination of two inde- independent safeguards, namely an Basisschutzvorkehrung and an error protection precaution, or

• a strengthened safety net to both the base and the error protection causes protection.

The safeguard for basic protection prevents direct contact with live standing (active) components of the electrical system, for example, by insulation. There was talk earlier diesbe- immediately by the "protection against direct contact."

The safeguard for the error protection prevents errors in the event of failure to safeguard the basic protection for a dangerous contact voltage occurs or may remain on conductive parts, such as by automatically switching off the electricity- supply. We spoke earlier of "protection against indirect contact. "

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•Protective isolation (Section 413) •Permitted as the basic protections

Safeguard the use of isolation tion (basic insulation) and the application covers or enclosures as of protection "Automatic shut- tion of power. " The error protection precaution involves the application a current source having at least a simple electrical isolation and the Erdfreiheit Circuit. For general use this protective measure only for the operation a consumable authorized.

•Using low voltage SELV or PELV (Section 414)

•This safety measure is applicable when the rated voltage of 50 volts AC voltage tion or 120 volts DC exceeded and to be protected Circuit from a current source with safe electrical isolation is provided. Also need for further SELV or PELV circuits tere special requirements are met.

The basic and fault protection measures , an additional protection may be set, the under certain conditions of outer Influences and in particular premises must be taken into account. Corresponding For example, the definitions contained Errichtungsbe- provisions for special equipment and facilities Type according to DIN VDE 0100 Group 700 (VDE 0100 Group 700).

In application of the safeguard measure "Automatic tables to cut off power is "the Application of the additional protection required: • to the failure of the provision for the Basic protection (even if bypassed may be, for example, on sockets) and / or of arrangements for the error protection or case of negligence of the user of electrical System through the use of residual current protection facilities with a rated differential power rating of not more than 30 mA, a per- nenschutz to offer;

• To switch-off at not being fulfilled by a additional protective bonding the Fault protection in electrical systems or To meet current codes.

The following graphic illustrates the described bene protection plan.

Safeguard for the basic protection prevents direct contact with with live (active) Parts of the electrical system, e.g. by isolation.

(+) Additional Protection provides additional protection:

protection and / or +

Safeguard for error protection prevents errors in the case at Basic protection for a dangerous contact voltage occurs at or conductive parts may persist, e.g. by automatic shutdown of the Power supply.

protection or between plant and nengefährdung by

special conditions of external influences,

for example, by use of facilities with I30 mA.

(+)

= Protection measure to protect against electric shock DIN VDE 0100-410 (VDE 0100-410) :2007-06

Section 411: Automatic break in power supply Section 412: Double or reinforced insulation Section 413: Protection separation

Figure 1: Concept of protection of persons (0100-410 VDE) DIN VDE 0100-410

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Protection against electric shock Automatic shut-off (cut-off times in case of error) (Section 411.3.2)

The maximum permissible break for

Circuits in TN and TT systems with a Nominal voltage of 400/230V AC in compiled the following overview.

public Distribution network 400/230 V

House connection- box

Main power supply system (double or comparable reinforced insulation)

Distribution of electricity circuits Final current-

circle 32 A

S PE kWh

S kWh

RB RA 1 h *)

5 s (TN) 1 s (TT)

0.4 s (TN) 0.2 s (TT)

Figure 2: disconnection times for circuits in TN and TT systems with a rated voltage 400/230 volts (pictorial representation: TN system) *) In distribution networks, as the overhead power lines or in the ground installed cables are run, and in the main power supply systems according to DIN 18015-1 to the protective measure "twice or reinforced insulation "it is sufficient if at the beginning of the protected line section an over-current protection device is present and if an error occurs at least the Stream flows for which a triggering of the protective devices tion under the standard for the overcurrent protective device for the overload range specified conditions (large Test carried out). This then results in the disconnection Overcurrent protective device of up to one hour.

2-EP-ST.ai

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Distribution network Consumer's installation IF L1 L2 L3 N PE

Contact voltage at the TN system (Section 411.4)

In the TN system, the fault loop by a

Outer conductor and formed by the PE or PEN det. These leaders are in length, diameter and Material in many cases largely identical. Therefore, the resistances of the respective Head nearly equal. The resulting Error voltage then takes about half the Head-to-ground voltage U0 at.

IF PEN

IF IF IF

Protection potential compensation

Body IF UT IT

RB RA Figure 3: Contact voltage and outlined zenhafter path of the fault current (IF) in TN system

Verteilungsnetz3 ST-EP-1.ai Consumer's installation IF L1 L2 L3 N PE

Contact voltage at the TT system (Section 411.5)

In the TT system, the fault loop by a Outer conductor and the path of RA and RB-formed det. The error voltage proportional to that Conductor-earth voltage because the resistance value of RA substantially higher than the sum of the other resistances in the error circle.

IF

IF IF Protection potential compensation

Body IF UT IT

RB IF

RA

Figure 4: Non-voltage and sketchy way the fault current (IF) in the TT system

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Protection against electric shock Selection of protective equipment (Section 411.4.5 and 411.5.2)

Characteristics Fault loop impedance ZS (Measured values) Fault current IF = 230 V

ZS

Values in the TN system some 10 milliohms to about 2 Ω about 115 A to 1000 A for some 0.4 s 80 V to 115 V

Values in the TT system to 100 Ω at least 2.3 A 0.2 s 160 V to 230 V

maximum off time ta according to Table 41.1 Contact voltage UT (From experience) Contact current IT = UT 1000 Ω Body impedance with hand-foot Flow (approx.)

80 mA to 115 mA 160 mA to 230 mA

Table 1: Parameters for the switch-off in final circuits up to 32A in TN systems and TT systems

TN system Interrupted by over-Ia Protection devices to ensure the required switch-off time ta

Ia ≤ 230 V ZS

Protective devices direction MCB Type B MCB Type C Fusible- insurance gG

Disconnection of residual current Protection devices to ensure the required switch-off time ta

Ia ≥ 5 In ≥ 10 In approximately> 14In Ia ≤ 230 V

ZS In the TN system, the fault current IF we are- significantly higher than 5 IAn Type FI generally FI selectively

Ia > 5 IAn > 5 IAn

ta 1) ≤ 0.04 s ≤ 0.15 s

ta 1) <0.1 s <0.1 s <0.4 s

TT system Ia ≤ 230 V

ZS

The necessary breaking currents of Ia Overcurrent protective devices are IF the fault currents are generally not reached.

IAn ≤ 50 V RA

In case of failure are 230 at the fault location at. This applies to the trip current Ia:

Ia = 230 V IAn = 4.6 IAn 50 V

Type S Ia > 2 IAn > 2 IAn

ta 1) ≤ 0.15 s ≤ 0.2 s

FI generally FI selectively

The values for ta refer to the definitions in the relevant product standards. Ra - the sum of the resistances in Ω of the earth electrode and protective conductor of thebody; IAn - the rated residual current in A of fault current protective device.

Table 2: Choice of protection in the TN system

and the TT-system with a nominal voltage AC 400/230 V 10



Maximum disconnection times (Table 41.1) Table 1 shows the significant difference

about contact voltage and resulting resulting touch currents in TN and TT system. This can be explained that the maximum permissible break in a TT system must be shorter than in the TN-system to densel- ben to offer protection.

In Table 41.1 in DC systems specified break times higher result from the lower sensitivity of the human against people with direct current flow.

actual protective action based on special those circumstances is not effective. The additional Protection with fault-current protective devices he supplemented insofar as the basic or safeguard of protection "Automatic shut- tion of power. " It thus offers the users of an additional outlets union protection and then when lightly or ignorant of the Fehlerschutzvorkehrung is bypassed or disabled.

Not the protection of the circuit, but the Protection of the person, the electrical consumption medium connected to a power outlet and operates, is at the forefront of this measure. This applies sockets for both outdoor and in the interior of a building.

According to DIN VDE 0100-300 (VDE 0100 Part 300): 1996 - 01 must, if necessary, the circuits be divided in order to avoid danger, to limit the consequences of errors, control, To facilitate inspection and maintenance and To consider risks that a Errors in only one circuit can occur NEN, such as the failure of the lighting.

DIN 18015-1:2007-09 "Electrical installations in Residential buildings Part 1: Design Fundamentals " requires the assignment of connection points for Consumables to be approached in a circuit I also feel that by automatically switching off th of this circuit associated with protection means (eg, over current protection device, Residual current device) in case of error or when necessary manual shutdown only small part of the customer system is switched off. This is the highest possible availability of electrical system for the user reached.

These requirements imply that in a electrical equipment and wiring circuits always several fault-current protective devices must be distributed. Depending on the type and complexity of the system for the implementation of the requirement for additional nectable for socket circuits and Circuits in various outdoor

Additional protection for branch circuits for outdoor outlets and (Section 411.3.3) General Remarks

In single-phase and polyphase alternating in- voltage systems, an additional Protection by residual current devices (RCD) with a rated residual current be made of not greater than 30 mA for: • all outlets with a rated power

up to and including 20 A, for the use of by laymen, and for general use are determined;

• All branch circuits for outdoor use used portable equipment with a Rated current up to and including 32 A.

The need for additional protection by fault-current protective devices with a rated residual current of less than or equal to 30 mA results from the increased risk in general use, and user- tion by means of plug-lay.

Where consumables held in the hand (The property "portable" points out) and be operated by lay people in particular, the the safety of such a state Chen consumable generally not be- can judge, must be in addition to the basic or Fehlerschutzvorkehrung a protection exists be, who also is still effective if the

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Protection against electric shock Types of residual current protective devices tions are used. Fault current protection devices ensure the required protection against electric Shock. Turn on a fault to the Power supply at high-Schleifenimpe impedances reliably. If the rated difference stream not more than 30 mA, is also a Additional protection such as in direct touch and, where appropriate flow. Such fault-current protective devices are in various embodiments in Market offered.

If fault current protective devices as "se- selective "protection devices with the labeling Regulation 'S' - for example, the error protection or fire protection purposes - chosen, he- enough to selective behavior between these Protective device and a downstream Fault current device - for example, the additional protection - and thus the necessary high availability for the product user. The Rated residual current of the upstream Fault current device it must at least three times that of the after- connected fault-current protective device amount (usually 100 mA or 300 mA).

When triggered, the protection device in the fault- failure or manual shutdown when necessary be the residual current circuit breaker downstream associated circuits switched off. Fault current Breaker disconnect the outer conductor and the Neutral conductor of the downstream circuits. This is useful when troubleshooting a System with fehlerbehaftetem neutral.

When using residual current circuit- you with a residual current not exceeding 30 mA for the additional protection is the error protection with a selective Fault-current protective device higher loading on difference flow or with a Overcurrent protective device can be realized. The protective device must be placed at the top of the circuit to be installed.

Use of RCD / MCBs (RCBO) RCD / MCB are combined units of a residual current circuit breaker and from a circuit breaker there. They Protection against electric shock hazard and line protection in one device.

The increased use of devices with electro- tronic components and EMC filters increases the risk of unwanted tripping as a result of the summation for operation- dingten leakage or by transient Pulses of current during switching operations. By assigning each an FI / MCB able to each individual branch circuit Such unwanted shutdowns already in advance by a professional planning Plant can be reduced. In addition, the Planning simplified, as a consideration of diversity factors for exposure not of residual current circuit breakers required

Lich is.

When triggered, the protection device in the fault- case (even if an error occurs between the neutral and neutral on the consumer side) or is necessary for manual shutdown only the affected circuit switched off. FI / MCB separate the outer conductor and the

Use of residual current Circuit breaker (RCCB)

RCCBs are fault-current protective devices without built-in overcurrent protection (overload and / or short circuit). You must therefore for overcurrent protection in each case a corresponding SPONDING overcurrent protective device assigned are net. The expected operating current the circuit can be used as base be used for overload protection. The overcurrent protection device must be in accordance the manufacturer of the fault current Circuit breakers are selected.

To the requirements described in relation on the availability of the electrical system to meet final circuits are more Dividing Residual current circuit breaker.

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Neutral conductor of a circuit. The fault-free Circuits are not affected and can NEN operate without restrictions. This will increase the availability of a hand commercial or residential buildings Plants used consumables, for other simplified troubleshooting.

These advantages led in section 411.3.3 of the DIN VDE 0100-410 in a note to the Recommendation, to realize the additional Protection for branch circuits for the external range of outlets and RCD / MCB to . use

Looking at the specifications of DIN 18015-2:2004-08 and RAL-RG for 678:2004-09 the scope of equipment 1 each with a Living to 125 m2 (see Table 3) shows that the additional space required in the circuit- distributor at the recommended use of RCD / MCBs versus a site with separate residual current circuit breakers and Lei- tion breakers only slightly higher.

The use of RCD / MCBs with a Rated residual current not exceeding 30 mA , the additional protection and fault protection be realized with the same RCD / MCB switch. The RCD / MCB needs to be protected at the beginning of the collapsing the circuit to be installed.

institutions have. For this, sockets with built-in fault-current protective devices tions are used. This particular offer particular advantages if the existing Place in the power distribution is not sufficient is to fault-current protective devices to Equipping or if the installation of electricity circuits even in the TN-C system (without PE conductor) is executed.

Even if an adaptation of an existing electrical system to the current security technical level is desired, for example- se in children's rooms, the installation is no big- lationsarbeit by replacing the existing Against those with built-in sockets Fault current protection devices possible.

Sockets are built with error- overcurrent protective devices for the additional Protection provided, then the upstream Still in the circuit with protective devices Under the safeguard of the error- be provided protection. These protective devices tions can only be the beginning of the protect- collapsing circuit, ie in the power distribution be installed.

Exemption: Section 411.3.3 The above-mentioned exceptions to the additional Protection of outlets by RCD- institutions are merely informative note that spin- tions to explain the normative text. The following comments can do so- regard as a decision aid for planners and Installers will be used: Sockets, for use by lay people and are intended for general use, generally need extra protection with a by fault-current protective devices with Rated residual current of not more than 30 protected mA (normatively required!).

Sockets, only by qualified electrician forces and specially trained per-

Use of sockets with error current device (RCD)

If desired, in special cases, the additional fault-current protection device possible in the vicinity of the protected elec- electrical consumption means to be arranged, is the Installing a power socket with built-in error current protective device as possible. In case of error is only operated on the outlet electrical consumption means switched off. The other electrical equipment, the failure of the is not affected, remains in operation. If an existing plant capacity, or modified, for example, additional Outlets have built, and this one additional protection with fault-current protective devices

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Protection against electric shock persons shall be used (for example in Germany electrical facilities to be), may in some cases be exempt from this requirement. The note that a socket, each to connect only to a 'specific loading is driven by established "by the addi- union protection by residual current protective devices may be exempt obligations should not

be claimed, if in doubt drawn is that the outlet is permanently is used for a "certain apparatus". Since the decision on the operation of the plant GE is not influenced by the installer derselbigen may be, it is recommended that "certain Equipment ", the additional protection of the should be excluded, connecting.

Plant equipment Concepts for the use of protective equipment for DIN VDE

0100-410:2007-06 new

with separate FI and MCBs with RCD / MCB with RCD / MCBs

DIN VDE 0100-410:1997-01

so far RCD- device only there where required,

mixed circuits for sockets and lighting

Type 1 FI

2-pin. 3) TE 2 2 4

Circuits or Equipment circuits for

Type Group FI Bath and Outdoor Sockets Sockets and Lighting Outlets Lighting Microwave Dishwasher Washing machine Dryer Electric stove

2 FI 4-pin. 1)

2 LS 4 LS

TE 8 2 4

mixed circuits for sockets and lighting

Type TE

separate circuits for sockets

and lighting Type TE

2 FI / LS 4 FI / LS

4 8

2 FI / LS 4 2 LS 4 LS

2 FI / LS 2) 2 LS

4 2

4 LS 4 4 FI / LS 8 4 FI / LS 8 4 LS 4 3 LS 3 3 LS 3 3 LS 3 3 LS 3

Space 21 23 21 15 TE = spacing units; FI = residual current protection device; LS = MCB; FI / LS = FI / CB switch 1) )

3) in order to meet DIN 18015-1 and DIN VDE 0100-300, are at least two fault-current protective devices required to avoid excessive stress on the socket circuits, should the number of socket circuits of 2 increased to 4 Residual current protective device for electric circuits bathroom and outdoor outlets

Note: The basis for the table are the minimum equipment or equipment in accordance with DIN 18015-2:2004-08 value 1 according to RAL-RG 678:2004-09 with a floor space up to 125 m2. The figures apply for the TN-system, for the TT system can vary the numbers.

Table 3: space in the power distribution in implementation installation of various technical concepts 14



Imprint Published by: HEA - Specialist Community efficient use of energy eV Reinhardt Road 32 10117 Berlin

First Edition Initiative ELECTRIC + Reinhardt Road 32 10117 Berlin Phone +49 (30) 300199-0 Fax +49 (30) 300199-4390 [email protected] www.elektro-plus.com

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Initiative ELECTRIC + Reinhardt Road 32 10117 Berlin Phone +49 (30) 300199-0 Fax +49 (30) 300199-4390 [email protected]

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