Elements Of Civil Engineering

Elements Of Civil Engineering GROUP (2) PUNIT CHAURASIYA TOPIC : AGGREGATE ALOK YADAV MORTAR AKASH DUBEY CONCRETE SHIVAM MISHRA Vijay Nishad

1) Aggregate

Aggregates are an important constituent in concrete.It gives body to concrete, reduce shrinkage and effect economy.Aggregate are made of granite, basalt, Sandstone, quartzite etc. It occupies 70-80% of the volume of concrete.

(A) Classification Of Aggregate (Based On Weight)

(B) Classification Of Aggregate (Based On Size)

(A) Classification of aggregates (Based on shape) (1) Rounded

(2) Irregular

(3) Angular

(4) Flaky

(B) Classification of aggregates (Based on texture)(1) Glassy

(2) Smooth

(3) Granular

(5) Honey combed

Requirement of good aggregates :1) Aggregate should be hard , strong and durable.2) It should be free from organic impurities.3) It should be free from grass and roots.4) Clay content should not exceed 4%.5) Aggregate should have good soundness. (good resistance to volume change).6)It should be well graded.

2) Mortar

Mortar is a paste prepared by adding required quantity of building materials like cement or lime and fine aggregate like sand.

Types Of Mortar 1) Cement Mortar

2) Lime Mortar

3) Lime Cement Mortar (Gauged Mortar)

4) Mud Mortar

USES OF MORTAR1) It should be though , hard and durable.2) Capable to resist the weathering effect.3) Resist penetration of rain waterJoints formed by mortar must not have any cracks.

CONCRETE

Ingredients of concrete1) Binding Material like cement , lime , polymer.2)Fine aggregates.3)Coarse aggregates4) Water5) Admixtures.

Concrete : Concrete is a mixture of Cement + Sand + Aggregates + Water + Admixtures.

Classification Of Concrete1) R.C.C Concrete2) P.C.C Concrete3) P.S.C Concrete

R.C.C ( Reinforced Cement Concrete)

Uses Of R.C.C Concrete1) General R.C.C work in building viz. beams , columns , slabs , stairs, liners.2) For water retaining structures.3) For machine foundation

P.C.C (Plain Cement Concrete)

Uses Of P.C.C Concrete1)It is used in leveling course over plinth or below footing.2) For mass concrete work for heavy wall.3) For lean concrete.

P.S.C ( Prestressed Concrete )

Uses Of P.S.C Concrete1) P.S.C concrete has excellent fire resistance , high corrosion resistance . It permits the use of large spans with shallow members.2) It is used for railway sleepers and electric poles.3) It is used for large span beams.

Concrete operationBelow given are important operation in concreting.

1) Mixing 2) Transportation 3) Compaction 4) Curing

MixingMixing may be either hand mixing or machine mixing.In hand mixing all the three ingredients are mixed properly and it is continued up till uniform color is obtained.

In machine mixing two types of mixers are there tilting and non-tilting . Machine mixing is used for important works. Mixing time of 1(1/4) minutes is sufficient for 1m.