elements of literature plot: the organizing principle; the author’s deliberate arrangements of...
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Elements of Literature
Plot: the organizing principle; the author’s deliberate arrangements of incidents and events which tell the story.
Flashbacks—Events prior to the story.
Plot Structure
Exposition
Rising Action
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Elements of Literature• Exposition: the background
information about the story and the current situation; introduces us to the characters, conflicts, and setting.
• Rising action: the conflicts become more pronounced, complications may occur; introduces us to additional characters/supporting characters.
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Elements of Literature Review
• Climax: the moment of greatest emotional tension; everything changes afterwards; when two opposing forces go head to head and only one comes out a winner.
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Elements of Literature Review
• Falling Action: events right after the climax.
• Resolution/Denoument: the loose ends are tied up; the conflict is resolved.
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Elements of Literature • Epiphany—An
enlightenment or revelation leading to a change in character.
• Foreshadowing—A hint of what is to come.
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Elements of Literature
• Character: a fictional person within a story.
• Characterization: The method by which an author creates the appearance and personality of an imaginary person. It may be accomplished by an author showing us or telling us about the character.
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Elements of Literature• Protagonist: the main or
central character(s) who engage(s) our interest/sympathy.
• Antagonist: The person or force working against the protagonist (can be an aspect of the character’s persona or personality).
• Foil: a contrast or opponent to the protagonist.
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Elements of LiteratureDynamic character: a character
who changes as a result of the events in the story.
Static character: a character who does not change.
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Elements of Literature• Flat character: a character who has only one or two
characteristics.
• Round character: a well-developed character, a character who has more complexity/depth
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Elements of Literature• Point of view: who tells the story and how it is
told; can be first person, second person, or third person (I went, you went, she went. May be:
• Omniscient: inside all characters’ minds.
• Limited: from the single perspective of one major or minor character.
• Objective: detached and impersonal.
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Elements of Literature • Conflicts: the struggle between
opposing forces.
• External conflict; physical struggles with a formidable foe or the ever present dangers of nature, society, or individuals.
• Internal conflict a moral or psychological issue that must be resolved.
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Elements of Literature
• Man vs. man (society): the struggle of the main character against another character (external conflict).
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Elements of Literature• Man vs. nature—the main character
is in conflict against nature; physical struggle against nature(external conflict).
• Man vs. self—the main character struggles against himself or herself (internal conflict).
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Elements of Literature
• Setting : the time, place, atmosphere, and social environment in which the story takes place.
• Tone: The author’s attitude towards the people, places, and events in the story.
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Elements of Literature • Symbol: Anything that signifies, or stands for,
something else. Symbols can be an object, a place, a character, or an action that stands for or suggest something abstract.
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Symbols• Conventional symbol: One familiar to
everyone, such as a flag or a cross.
• Literary symbol: Only in the context does this symbol have a deeper meaning
• Irony: an event, thing, person that is not what it seems to be. May include:
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Elements of Literature
• Verbal irony: Saying one thing, but meaning another.
• Situational irony: the difference between what is expected and what really happens.
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Elements of Literature• Dramatic irony:
Difference between what is believed or said in the story and what the reader knows (we may know more than the character).
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• Theme: May be called the moral or purpose of the story. The unifying point of organization .
• Imagery: the making of ‘pictures with words’ through a collection of images. Imagery appeals to the sense of taste, smell, hearing, touch, sight, as well as internal feelings.