ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY

1. Plot

the series of related events in a literary work

Plot Chart

Plot Chart Definitions

• Exposition: The beginning of a story. Characters are introduced. We learn the setting and are introduced to the main conflict (main problem).

• Rising Action: The building of interest or suspense occurs.

• Climax: The peak or turning point of the story. Usually the main character comes face-to-face with a conflict.

• Falling Action: All loose ends of the plot are tied up. Leads to the resolution.

• Resolution: The conflict is ended and the story ends.

2. Setting

the literal time (when), place (where), and atmosphere of a literary work

May include the historical era, physical location, time, season, scenery, culture, etc.

3. Character

the people or animals that who participate in the action (plot)

Characterization

the methods used by the author to acquaint the reader with the characters in a literary work and to make the character seem more realistic

Methods of Characterization

Direct characterization: Tells about a character. Narrator reveals details about the physical appearance, age or personality of the character

Ex: Bobby is a student and a basketball player.

Indirect characterization: Shows about a character. The author reveals the character’s own word, actions and thoughts

Ex: Bobby works hard writing papers each night and plays hard on the court.

Types of Characters Protagonist: Main character in the

story- usually hero type Antagonist: Person or force against

protagonist

Static: character that does not change Dynamic: character experiences

epiphany, changes

Flat: simple characteristics, not deep Round: complex characteristics, deep

4. Theme

The message or central idea conveyed by a story

May be stated directly or implied

5. Conflict

The tension created between two or more characters.

The height of tension is called the climax (greatest intensity)

TYPES OF CONFLICT

Man versus Self (internal)Man (external)Nature Supernatural Society