Elements & Principles

of design

Portfolio Expectations

Each portfolio assessment must include:• Background must be on a tan/cream colored cardstock.• Boarders must be ¼” on black construction paper and they must

have STRAIGHT edges.• Sketches must be drawn in black pen and colored. ONLY the values

assignment is painted!!!• Descriptions must be typed. A title must be included (Try to be

creative, like “A Night on the Town” or “A Day in the Sun”)! If you cut out your description, they must have STRAIGHT edges. Text must have an even boarder of white space around the text. You must use basic design details in your descriptions of the outfit. Be sure to explain WHERE on the design you created the concept you are assessing and underline the concept. LABEL the assignment next to title at the top.

RHYTHM: Double Stitched ButtonsThis outfit is made by the extra care given to the detail of the straight let pant and

fitted, short sleeve jacket. The jacket has short cuffed sleeves and a fitted waist.

The buttons, used not only for a functional purpose, are repeated

throughout the design of the jacket. Rhythm by gradation can also be seen in the different sizes of buttons throughout the design. The double stitching on the

pockets, hem and side seams of the pants give a casual look to the straight leg

pants. The large belt loops of the pants make way for the jacket matching belt. The boot style shoes also have a simple double stitching to complete the outfit. The accented neutral color scheme of

brown and blue also give a sharp opposition in the design for a color break.

Each assessment will be worth 5 points:• 2 points for the description• 2 points for sketching & designing• 1 point for professional mounting (single sided only)

Tips:• Use pencil on rough drafts… and PRACTICE!!• Draw hair. The croquie looks stupid without hair.• Do NOT draw a face. The croquie looks stupid with a face.• Think about how clothing sits on the human form. It is not skin tight. The

croquie looks stupid with skin tight clothing.• Use the croquie forms I provided you with in the last unit. ONLY the values

assignment it painted!!! ONLY the texture assignment uses fabric.• You will be provided with 7 sheet protectors… put in the metal clasps.• Be patient and have fun!!

The Relationship of the Elements and principles of design

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

LineTextureColorShape/FormPattern

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

BalanceRhythmEmphasisProportion/ScaleHarmony

Looking Good!

TOOLS RULES

To create

Elements of Design

• Line• Texture• Color• Shape & Form• Pattern

• TOOLS• The elements of

design are the tools we use to create a style or design.

Principles of Design

• Balance• Proportion & Scale• Emphasis• Rhythm• Harmony

• RULES• The principles of

design are the rules that govern how we use each of the elements of design in any given art work.

Color in Fashion

Color

• The power of color!-www.njagyouth.org/colortest.swf

Color Wheel

• Primary:– Red, Yellow, Blue

• Secondary:– Green, Violet, Orange

• Tertiary:– Red-orange, Red-violet, Blue-violet, Blue-

green, Yellow-green, Yellow-orange.

Color Wheel• Make your own

color wheel!– Include: Each

color, a tint of each color and a shade of each color.

– Use the template I have provided for you.

ColorTints, Tones and Shades

• Tints: Any color plus white

• Tones: Any color plus gray

• Shades: Any color plus black

Tints, Tones, Shades

P u re B lack

S h ad e

G ray

Ton e

P u re W h ite

T in t

P u re H u e

Color in Fashion

(Color Schemes)

Color Schemes

• Monochromatic• Analogous• Complimentary• Triad• Neutral• Accented Neutral

Monochromatic

• Mono means “one”, refers to the tints tones and shades of one color

• Possible color combinations are limitless!– Mint green and forest green

• Generally calming, however it depends on the hue

• Monochromatic

Analogous

• Often referred to as adjacent. Two, three, or four hues that lie next to one another on the color wheel. All hues have one hue in common.

• Possible colors (Can include tints, tones & shades)– Yellow-green, yellow, yellow-orange, orange

• Feeling created: can be calming or exciting depending on whether they come from the cool or warm side of the color wheel.– This color scheme is most effective if one of the hues repeats some

aspect of your personal coloring… eyes, hair…

• Analogous

Complementary

• Combine two colors from the opposite side of the color wheel.

• Possible colors: red & green, blue & orange• Feeling associated: stimulating due to

opposite visual characteristics. By dulling the intensity or value, calming effect may be achieved.– Can be very flattering to personal coloring, and versatile

• Complimentary

Triad

• Three colors equally spaced on the color wheel

• Possible colors: tints, tones and shades of primary or secondary colors

• Very exciting and stimulating if used in full strength.

• Triad

Neutral

• One, two, or three achromatic neutrals, may or may not vary in the degree of warmness or coolness, lightness or darkness, brightness or dullness

• Possible colors: black and white, combination of browns

• Effect: vary in mood depending on the degree of light and dark value contrast– Are most effective if the degree of lightness or darkness in your hair

and/or skin coloring is repeated in the lightness or darkness of the clothing

• Neutral

Accented neutral

• One color added to other neutrals to form a scheme.

• Possible colors: black, white & red, browns with light blue

• Effect: draws attention to the one added hue

• Accented Neutral

Color in Fashion

(Uses)

COLOR

• To maintain or decrease attention and apparent size, to appear taller and slimmer– Cooler hues– Darker values– Duller intensities– Close contrasts

• Examples: navy, khaki, grape, charcoal, mauve

color

• To increase attention and apparent size, to appear shorter and heavier– Warmer hues– Lighter values– Brighter intensities– Strong contrasts

• Examples: shocking pink, pumpkin, tangerine, raspberry

Color

• To appear refined, romantic– Warm to cool hues– Lighter values– Dull, muted to medium intensities including

pastels– Close contrasts, subtle

• Examples: shell pink, lavender, misty rose, orchid, blue, peach, all pastels

Color

• To feel and appear happy, youthful, sportive– Warmer hues– Light to dark values– Medium to bright intensities– Strong contrasts, bold

• Examples: coral, red, khaki, ivory, brown, camel, cinnamon, brick

Color

• To appear mature, serious, somber, classic– Cool hues– Dark values– Dull intensities

• Examples: navy blue, taupe, charcoal, maroon, gray, black

Color

• To feel and appear dramatic/exotic– Warm to cool hues– Dark values, deep– Bright intensities, rich– Strong contrasts, bold

• Magenta, fuchsia, emerald green, royal blue, regal purple, sapphire, amethyst

Line in Fashion

Power of Line

• Draw a picture in each of the boxes. You will only have a moment to do this.

• Then we will discuss what your lines (drawings) mean.

Illusions of Line

• Lines can deflect your gaze (arrows)• Shorten/reduce the height of a

person.• Width can be added on top- broader

shoulders.• Can contain height.• Make one look taller/longer.• Lines can keep your gaze going.• Can make things look slimmer, wider,

or longer.

Line Types

• Straight:– Bold, severe,

dignified, powerful, steady, stable, formal

– Often found: bottom of hemmed skirts and pant seams.

Line Types:

• Curved:– Increases size, shape of

figure, adds interest & softness, and is less conservative, formal and powerful than straight lines.

– Often Seen: round scoop necklines and scalloped edges.

Line Types:

• Jagged:– Zigzags, if overused can

be confusing and jumpy.

– Often Seen: Rickrack, fabric prints, or intentional seaming.

Line Directions:

• Vertical:– Leads eye up and

down, adds height and slimness.

– For best effect put vertical lines over an area you want to look thinner in.

Line Directions:

• Horizontal:– Leads eye side to

side, relaxed, restful feeling.

– Put this type of line where you want to look wider.

Line Directions:

• Diagonal:– Slanted- vertical slant is

slenderizing, horizontal slant adds width- versatile and interesting.

– Chevrons: stripes on a fabric (on the diagonal grain) matched at seams.

Line Applications:

• Structural:– Formed when parts of

the garment are constructed.

– Seams, darts, pleats, tucks, and the edge of a garment.

– Most noticed when the garment is plain.

Line Applications:

• Decorative:– Applied lines- for

decoration and interest.– Ruffles, braids, fringe,

edging, top stitching, lace, tabs, flaps, appliqués, or buttons.

– Too much causes competition between parts and can be confusing.

Pattern in Fashion

NaturalisticConventional

GeometricAbstract

Naturalistic

• Prints of or from nature

Conventional

• Prints of real or stylized items.

Geometric

• Prints of lines, shapes or geometric shapes.

Abstract

• Prints that cannot be recognized as real.

Shape, Form and Texture in

Fashion

Shape & Form

• Shape:– Is 2 dimensional (flat- silhouette)

• Form:– Is 3 dimensional (body)

Texture

• Blindfold activity– Was it easy or hard to guess what type of

fabric it was?– Why? What clues did you have?

Texture

• Where is texture found?– In the thickness and appearance of

fabric.• What is it?

– The one element that you can see and feel

• What are the different textures we have here in class?

Texture

• What words describe texture?– Loopy, fuzzy, furry, soft, shiny, dull,

bulky, rough, crisp, smooth, sheer…

• How is texture created?– By the fiber type, weaving or knitting

process, or by the fabric finishes

Texture

• There are two types of texture:– TACTILE

• Texture that can be felt by touch. (rough, prickly)

– VISUAL• Texture that can be seen. (shiny,

dull, matte)

Texture

• Why is texture important in fashion?– It can increase or decrease

the appearance of body size.– It can draw added attention

to a design.

Increasing size

• Which do you think would increase the appearance of body size?– Shiny or glossy (reflect more

light)– Thick– Bulky, shaggy, fuzzy, wrinkled

Decreasing size

• Which textures would decrease the appearance of body size?– Dull (because they absorb light)– Thin to mid-weight– Smooth, flat surfaces