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Page 1: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and
Page 2: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

ELEMENTS

Remember:

• Atoms of one type form an element

• Elements are the simplest form of a substance

• Every element is unique and has its own chemical and physical properties

Page 3: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Dimitri Mendeleev• Russian chemist who

worked in the mid 1800’s

• Researched the 63 known elements

• Made cards for each element with all the facts he could find

• Developed the first periodic table by atomic mass

• Not perfect!!

Page 4: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Henry Moseley• British scientist who

determined atomic numbers for the elements

• When elements arranged by atomic number and properties every element fell in place perfectly

• Periodic Law: Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups.

Page 5: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Elements are arranged:

Vertically into Groups

Horizontally Into Periods

Page 6: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Why?

Page 7: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

If you looked at one atom of every element in a group you would

see…

Page 8: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Each atom has the same number of electrons in it’s outermost shell.

• An example…

Page 9: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

The group 2 atoms all have 2 electrons in their outer shells

Be (Beryllium)

Atom

Mg (Magnesium) Atom

Page 10: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

• The number of outer or “valence” electrons in an atom effects the way an atom joins with other atoms.

• The way atoms join determine many properties of the element.

• This is why elements within a group usually have similar properties.

Page 11: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

If you looked at an atom from each element in a period

you would see…

Page 12: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Each atom has the same number of electron holding shells.

An example…

Page 13: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

The period 4 atoms each have 4 electron containing shells

K (Potassium)

AtomFe (Iron) Atom

Kr (Krypton)

Atom

4th Shell

Page 14: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Each group has distinct properties

• The periodic Table is divided into several groups based on the properties of different atoms.

Page 15: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Alkali Metals

Soft, silvery colored metals

Very reactive especially with water

Not found in pure form in nature

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2134266654801392897&q=sodium+reaction+with+water&total=74&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0
Page 16: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Alkaline Earth Metals

Silvery-White Metals

Fairly reactive

Many are found in rocks in the earth’s crust

Page 17: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Transition Metals

Malleable (easily bent/hammered into wires or sheets)

Most are good Conductors of electricity

Page 18: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

How many things can you think of that have Transition Metals in

them?

Page 19: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and
Page 20: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Metalloids lie on either side of the “stairstep” line

They share properties with both metals and non-metals

Si (Silicon) and Ge (Germanium) are very important “semi-conductors”

Page 21: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Where are semiconductors used?

Page 22: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Nonmetals

Brittle

Do not conduct electricity

Page 23: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Groups 13-16

Group 13Boron Group

Group 14Carbon Group

Group 15Nitrogen Group

Group 16 Oxygen Group

Page 24: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Most are poisonous

Fairly reactive

Halogens

Page 25: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Chlorine Gas was used as a chemical weapon during World War I.

It was used by the Nazis in World War II.

Page 26: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Non-reactive

Gases at room temperature

Very Stable

Noble Gases

Page 27: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

WHY STABLE?

Noble gases have full valence levels!

Page 28: ELEMENTS Remember: Atoms of one type form an element Elements are the simplest form of a substance Every element is unique and has its own chemical and

Actinide Series

•Share properties of Group 3 transition metals•Rare and some are radioactive•Elements with atomic numbers greater than 92 (Uranium) are synthetic.Lanthanide Series


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