Elements & Their Properties

John Newlands1837-1898h

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Dmitri Mendeleev1834-1907h

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Henry Moselev1887-1915h

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-the ________ _____ was _________ in the ____ ______ to _____ ______ by _______ _______ _____________, _______ _______ _______________, and _______ _________ _____________, whose ___________ of ________ is used _____

Periodic Table developedlate 1800’s early 1900’s Englishchemist John Newlands Russianchemist Dmitri Mendeleev Englishphysicist Henry Moseleyarrangement elements today

http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm

Elements & Their Properties

I. Metals -______ are ______ to the ____ of the ____-____ ____ on the ________ _____

metals found left stair step linePeriodic Table

http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm

Elements & Their Properties

I. Metals -______ are ______ to the ____ of the ____-____ ____ on the ________ _____

metals found left stair step linePeriodic Table

Metals

http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm

Elements & Their Properties

I. Metals -______ are _____ __________ of ____ and _________, are ______ at _____ ___________ (______ ________), are _______, _________, and ______

metals good conductors heat electricitysolids room temperature except Mercury

Metals

lustrous malleable ductile

Elements & Their Properties

I. Metals -many of the _________ of ______ are ________ by the ____ that the _____ of ______ are actually ____ ________ into a ________ ________ _________ ______ called a _______ ______, in which a _____ ______ _____-_____ ________ are ___ ____ to its _______, but ______ _____ ______ the _____ ____ in an _______ _____

properties metals explained factatoms metals ions arranged

regularly repeating geometric pattern crystallattice metal atom’s outer level electronsnot held nucleus freely move amongmetal ions electron cloud

Electron flow =electrical currentw/low resistance

Elements & Their Properties

I. Metals

A. Alkali Metals-the ______ ______ belong to ______ __ of the _______ _____, each ____ having ___ _______ in its _____-_____ ______ _____, which it _____ to _____ an ___ with a __ ______

Alkali Metals Group 1Periodic Table atom one electron

outer most energy levelloses form ion 1+ charge

-the ______ ______ are the most _______ of all ______, so they ____ _____ in ______ ________ in _____ __________, and because they have __ ___ _____-_____ ______ _____ ________, the ________ of the ______ ______ to the ___ of __________ ________ is the _______ of all ______, giving the _____ ______ the ______ _______ _____ __________, ______ _______, and _____ ________

Alkali Metals reactivemetals only occur nature

combined ionic compoundsso few outer most energy level

electrons attraction atomic nucleisea delocalized electrons

weakest metals Alkali Metalslowest melting point temperature

lowest density lowest hardness

Elements & Their Properties

I. Metals

B. Alkali Earth Metals -the ________ _____ ______ belong to _____ __ of the _______ _____, each ____ having ___ _____-_____ ______ _____ ________, which it _____ to _____ an ___ with a __ ______

Alkaline MetalsGroup 2 Periodic Tableatom two

electronsouter most energy

level loses formion 2+ charge

Earth

-the ________ _____ ______ have ________ ___ _______ ______, ___ ________, ___ ________, and ________ ____ ________

Alkaline MetalsEarthrelatively low melting points lowdensities low hardness relativelyhigh reactivity

Group II metalMagnesium burnswith the brilliant

white light seen insome fireworks, while

Group II metalStrontium burns to

produce the intensered light seen inother fireworks

http://www.bigfoto.com/themes/fireworks/index.htm

Elements & Their Properties

I. Metals

C. Transition Elements -the __________ ________ belong to ______ _-__ on the ________ _____

Transition ElementsGroups 3 12 Periodic Table

Elements & Their Properties

I. Metals

C. Transition Elements -the _____ of _________ ________ have their ____ _______ in __ or __ _________

atoms Transition Elementslast electron d f suborbitals

Transition Elements

InnerTransitionElements

Elements & Their Properties

I. Metals

C. Transition Elements -___ __________ ________ have ___ ________ in their _____-____ ______ _____, but are also able to _________ their __ _______ ________ to their ___ of __________ _________, so the ________ between their ____ and their ____ of ________ is much _______, giving them ______ ________, ______ _______ _____ ____________, ______ ________, and making them ____ and ____ ________

all Transition Elements twoelectrons outer most energylevel contribute

d orbital electrons seadelocalized electrons

attraction ionsseas electrons stronger

higher densities highermelting point temperatures higherhardness lessless reactive

Gold was discovered earlyand is highly prized for its

nonreactive properties,its also extremely dense

and highly malleable

Tungsten is usedfor light bulb

filamentsbecause of itsextremely high

meltingpoint temperature

Osmium, the hardestmetal, used in antique phonograph needles,

and spent uranium used in armor-piercingprojectiles because ofboth its hardness and

its extreme density

http://www.theodoregray.com/periodicTable/Elements/076/index.html

http://theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/Elements/092/index.html#sample1

http://www.theodoregray.com/periodicTable/Elements/074/index.html#sample14

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutankhamun

Elements & Their Properties

II. Nonmetals

http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm

Metals

Nonmetals

-_________ are ______ to the _____ of the ____-____ ____ on the ________ _____

nonmetals found right stair stepline Periodic Table

Elements & Their Properties

II. Nonmetals nonmetals-_________ are usually _____ or ______ ______ at _____ ___________, ____ __________ of _________ and ____, and they are ___ ________, _________, or ______

gases brittle solidsroom temperature poor conductors electricity

heat not lustrous malleableductile

-since _________ have ________ ____ ______________, they can ______ ________ to form _____ __________, or they can _____ ________ to form _______ __________

nonmetals relatively high electronegativityaccept electrons ionic compounds

share electrons covalent compounds

Diamond, the hardest known naturalsubstance, can only by cut by otherdiamond. At left a 20-carat roughdiamond is cut into the 7.6-carat

finished diamond at the right.

http://www.diamondschool.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=34&Itemid=59

Elements & Their Properties

II. Nonmetals

A. The Halogens --the _________ belong to ______ ___ of the _______ _____, each ____ having __ ________ in its _____-_____ ______ _____, to which it ____ ___ ________ to _____ an ___ with a __ ______, or each _____ ______ ___ _______ to form a ______ ________ _____

Halogens Group 17Periodic Table atom 7 electrons

outer most energy leveladds form ion 1-charge

one electronatom shares one electron

single covalent bond

-________, ________, ________, and ______ are ____ of the _____ ________ that ______ as ________ _________

Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodinefour seven elements occur

diatomic moleculesChlorine, or

Cl2, is agreenish-yellow gas

at roomtemperature

and pressure,while fluorineis a purple-colored gas

Bromine, Br2, is a brownish-

orange vaporous liquid

at roomtemperature

and pressure,while iodine is a

sublimating purple solid

Elements & Their Properties

II. Nonmetals

B. The Noble Gases -the ___________ belong to _____ ___ of the _______ _____, each ____ having __ ________ in its _____-_____ ______ _____, (except _______, which has a ____ _____- ____ ______ _____ with __ ________)

Noble Gases Group 18Periodic Table atom 8electrons outer most energy level

Helium full outermost energy level 2 electrons

-___________ are very ____ on _____, even though ______ is the ___-_____ ________ _______ in the ________

Noble Gases rare EarthHelium 2nd most abundant

universe

-___________ are _____ (do ___ _____ __________); only _______ and ______ can be ______ to form __________

Noble Gases inert not reactchemically Krypton Xenon

forced compounds

element

Noble Gases are often used to preventchemical reactions. At left, Neon is

exposed to high-voltages and convertedfrom a gas to a plasma, which conducts

electricity and produces the characteristic red light of Neon lights

Elements & Their Properties

II. Nonmetals

C. Other Nonmetals-all ______ ______ are made up ________ of _______, _______, _________, and _______

living things primarilyCarbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen

-_________ is the _____ ________ _______ in the ________, making up ____ of all the ______ in the ________ (found _______ up _____ of the _____)

Hydrogen most abundant elementuniverse 90%

matter universe makingmost stars

Elements & Their Properties

II. Nonmetals

C. Other Nonmetals-_________ is also very _______, _______, ______, or _____ _____ _______ ________ to form _____ or ________ __________

Hydrogen reactive gaininglosing most often sharing electrons

ionic covalent compounds

-________ makes up ____ of the __________, and is so _________ it is often __________ the other _________

Nitrogen 79%atmosphere unreactivenicknamed Noble Gas

-_______ makes up ____ of the __________, and is the most ________ ____ ________ _______ on _____

Oxygen 21%atmosphere abundant veryreactive element Earth

-_________, ________, and _______ occur in their _________ _____ as ________ ________

Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygenelemental form diatomic

moleculesThe crash of the Hindenburg, (the

largest aircraft ever to fly) in 1937 inLakehurst, New Jersey demonstrates the flammability of Hydrogen and the

support of combustion by Oxygen. 35people died, yet 62 passengers and

crew survived.