elevation and ickness of the ordovician viola limestone in...
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Open-File Report 4-2018
The University of OklahomaNorman, Oklahoma
2019
Elevation and ickness of theOrdovician Viola Limestone in
Oklahoma and Surrounding StatesMarch 2019
Kevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. ChangOklahoma Geological Survey
Open-File Reports are intended to make the results of research that fills a public need available at the earliest possible date. Because of the possibility of that information being superseded by more complete research results, an Open-File Report is intended as a preliminary report not as a final publication. Analyses presented in this article are based on information available to the author(s), and do not necessarily represent the views of the Oklahoma Geological Survey, the University of Oklahoma, their employees, or the State of Oklahoma. The accuracy of the information contained herein is not guaranteed and any mention of trade names is not an endorsement by the author, the Oklahoma Geological Survey, or the University of Oklahoma.
Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report Disclaimer
The Oklahoma Geological Survey is a state agency for research and public service, mandated in the State Constitution to study Oklahoma’s land, water, mineral and energy resources and to provide wise use and sound environmental practices.
OPEN-FILE REPORT 4-2018 ELEVATION AND THICKNESS OF THE ORDOVICIAN VIOLA LIMESTONE IN OKLAHOMA AND SURROUNDING STATES
Kevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. Chang INTRODUCTION This Open-File Report (OF) is the fourth in a series of 16 that shows shaded relief maps of the top and bottom digital elevation model (DEM) grids for stratigraphic units in Oklahoma, Kansas, and parts of Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas. Isopach maps from which these DEM grids were derived are also included, along with lithofacies in some instances. Each map covers the area from 41.0 degrees to 34.5 degrees north-south and -94.0 degrees to -102.0 degrees east-west. The Open-File Reports are published as layered PDFs that contain individual map pages with map layers that can be turned on or off. They are available in PDF and GIS formats. In each of the 16 Open-File Reports, Plate 1 shows the top elevation of the unit; Plate 2 shows the bottom elevation of the unit; and Plate 3 shows the thickness of the unit. In OF 9-2018 through OF 15-2018, Plate 3 also shows the lithofacies of the unit. The lithofacies maps are taken from Rascoe and Hyne (1988) and use a simple four component carbonate-clastic binary phase diagram with vertical lithology boundaries. The colors represent the relative amount of clastics and carbonates in the rocks. Rocks with a high percentage of clastics are colored yellow, and rocks with a high percentage of carbonates are blue. DESCRIPTION OF 4-2018 shows the shaded relief map of the top (Plate 1) and bottom (Plate 2) digital elevation model (DEM) grids of the Ordovician Viola Limestone, as well as the unit’s thickness (Plate 3), in Oklahoma and surrounding states. METHODS Data used to create the shaded relief maps for the series of 16 Open-File Reports include:
• sixteen isopach maps from Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent (PGM; Rascoe and Hyne, 1988), which depict the thicknesses of sedimentary strata from the topographic surface to the crystalline basement (Table 1), and
• National Elevation Dataset (NED) surface topography Each of the sixteen PGM isopach maps were digitally scanned and georeferenced to geographic coordinates using the datum North American 1983 and later projected to the Albers Equal-Area Conic projection of the same datum. The contour lines of each isopach map were then digitized and attributed with their corresponding thickness values.
In some cases, the PGM isopach maps contain holes where no data is present. These discontinuities occur where (1) a unit pinches out to zero thickness or (2) a fault truncates a unit, resulting in a reduced thickness or disappearance of the unit. In these cases, the isopach used to create the DEMs was modified from the original PGM isopach to show the unit thickness as zero rather than the isopach map containing no data. The digitized isopach thickness data were then gridded and co-registered with the National Elevation Dataset (NED) topography. Starting with the shallowest stratum (Triassic and Cretaceous Systems), the isopach thickness grid was subtracted from the NED topography to get the bottom elevation grid for the shallowest stratum (Triassic and Cretaceous Systems); alluvium and terrace deposits were not factored into the model. By definition, the resultant bottom elevation grid is also the top elevation grid of the next lower stratum (Guadalupian Series). This workflow was repeated for each isopach thickness map in sequence until the top of the crystalline basement was reached. For example, the isopach thickness for the Guadalupian Series was subtracted from the top elevation grid of the Guadalupian Series to get the bottom elevation grid for the Guadalupian Series as well as the top elevation grid for the Leonardian Series. Due to the map scale, there are no elevation contours for the outcrop topography. The subcrop grid is at a scale of 30 arcseconds. INTENTION These elevation models were originally produced to visualize 3D geology and aid in geophysical research. The tops and bottoms of each unit constrain the upper and lower bounds, respectively, of the density distribution within the sedimentary strata of a regional gravity model. The data presented here may also be useful for other subsurface investigations, such as geoengineering, petrophysical, or hydrogeologic applications. REFERENCES Rascoe, B., Jr., and Hyne, N.J., eds., 1988, Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent: Tulsa Geological Society Special Publication No. 3, 162 p. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Julie Chang and Jake Walter for their editorial assistance; Jim Anderson and Russell Standridge for their work preparing the PDF publication; and Randy Keller and RPSEA for funding this endeavor.
Table 1. Open-File Report number (OF No.) and corresponding PGM isopach maps for units listed stratigraphically from oldest to youngest.
OF No. Unit Series Age PGM Plate No. Page OF 1-2018 Precambrian Basement Precambrian 2 5 OF 2-2018 Arbuckle Group Ordovician 8 35 OF 3-2018 Simpson Group Ordovician 9 39 OF 4-2018* Viola Limestone Ordovician 10 47 OF 5-2018 Sylvan Shale Ordovician 11 49 OF 6-2018 Hunton Group Silurian 12 53 OF 7-2018 Woodford Shale Devonian 14 67 OF 8-2018 Pre-Chesterian Mississippian Rocks Mississippian 15 74 OF 9-2018 Chesterian Series Mississippian 16 80 OF 10-2018 Morrowan Series Pennsylvanian 18 94 OF 11-2018 Atokan and Desmoinesian Series Pennsylvanian 19 107 OF 12-2018 Missourian and Virgilian Series Pennsylvanian 20 113 OF 13-2018 Wolfcampian Series Permian 21 119 OF 14-2018 Leonardian Series Permian 22 128 OF 15-2018 Guadalupian Series Permian 23 129 OF 16-2018 Triassic and Cretaceous Systems Triassic and
Cretaceous 24 130
* This publication
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Forest City
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Central K
ansas
Uplift
Southern Oklahoma
Aulacogen
Mid
con
tin
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Rif
t
OsageTexas
Ellis
Beaver
Butler
Kay
Ford
Reno
Ellis
Ness
Elk
Gove
Le Flore
Caddo
Finney
Gray
Clark
Woods
Grady
Grant
Lyon
Gray
Logan
Major
Kiowa
Barber
Creek
Rice
Gage
Lincoln
Smith
Trego
Pittsburg
Pratt
Cowley
Harper
Custer
Sumner
Blaine
Bates
Jewell
Dewey
Clay
Lane
Meade
Linn
Alfalfa
Scott
Craig
Rooks
Marion
Rush
Cass
Rawlins
Lincoln
Barton
Garfield
Donley
Thomas
Hall
Dundy
Norton
Chase
Carson
Clay
Otoe
Frontier
Noble
Riley
Washita
Phillips
HallBuffalo
Garvin
Russell
Cloud
Kearny
Chase
Logan
Kiowa
Vernon
Harper
Roberts
Holt
Woodward
Saline
Decatur
York
Morris
Hayes
Greer
Graham
Adair
Perkins
Wheeler
Dawson
Osage
Payne
Sherman
Tulsa
Marshall
Potter
Wallace
Hughes
Sedgwick
Hemphill
Benton
Osborne
Scott
Mayes
Hamilton
Furnas
Grant
Roger Mills
Ochiltree
Coffey
Page
Hansford
AllenStafford
LincolnOttawa
Sheridan
Moore
Greenwood
Rogers
Miami
Kingman
Wichita
Latimer
Beckham
Lipscomb
Cass
MortonJasper
Mitchell
Canadian
Nodaway
Pawnee
Saline
Cheyenne
Clay
Kingfisher
Comanche
Stevens
Brown
Taylor
Barton
Greeley
Armstrong
Coal
Labette
Dickinson
Harlan
Wilson
Nemaha
Haskell
Polk
Seward
Del
awar
e
Randall
Newton
Republic
Thayer
Pontotoc
Stanton
Muskogee
Adams
HutchinsonCherokee
Jackson
Ellsworth
McPherson
Phelps
Haskell
Lancaster
Hodgeman
McIntosh
Nowata
Washington
Harvey
Bourbon
Neosho
Jackson
Hitchcock
Pawnee
Gentry
Platte
Comanche
Franklin
Fillmore
Franklin
Washington
McClain
Sherman
Sequoyah
Edwards
Ray
Oklahoma
Jackson
Webster
Okmulgee
Seminole
Briscoe
Ottawa
Collingsworth
Nuckolls
Harmon
Wabaunsee
Wagoner
Okfuskee
Seward
Geary
Crawford
Crawford
Atchison
Swisher
Red Willow
Pottawatomie
Gosper
Jefferson
Fremont
Kearney
Ringgold
Anderson
Cherokee
Jefferson
Clinton
Shawnee
Douglas
Andrew
Johnson
Cleveland
Seb
asti
an
Woodson
McDonald
Pawnee
De Kalb
Chautauqua
Hamilton
Atchison
Richardson
Nemaha
Worth
Johnson
StephensChildress
Doniphan
Buchanan
Atoka Pushmataha
MillsUnion
Murray
Adams
Tillman
Pot
taw
atom
ieMontgomery
Har
riso
n
Lea
venw
orth
Was
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ton
Dav
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Cal
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N E B R A S K A
I O W A
K A N S A S
MI
SS
OU
RI
AR
KA
NS
AS
O K L A H O M A
T E X A S
-102°-101° -100° -99° -98° -97° -96° -95°
-94°
41°
40°
39°
38°
37°
36°
35°
34.5°-95°-96°-97°-98°-99°-100°-101°-102° -94°
34.5°
36°
37°
38°
39°
40°
41°
35°
´0 25 50 75 100 Miles
0 30 60 90 120 Kilometers
Albers Equal-Area Conic projection; NAD 83 datumContour: Elevation in feet
OF 4-2018, PLATE 1 Top Elevation of Viola Limestone
byKevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. Chang
After Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent, Plate 10, p. 47
125°
50° 50°125° 65°
65°
25°25°
Index map showing outline of study area
-24000-24000-24000-26000-26000-26000
-22000-22000-22000
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000
-5000
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-4000-4000-4000
-5000-5000-5000
-6000-6000-6000
-12000-12000-12000
-10000-10000-10000
AnadarkoBasin
Amarillo Uplift Arbuckle
Mtn. Uplift Sem
inole
Arch
Arkoma Basin
Pra
ttA
nti
clin
e
Hug
oton
Em
baym
ent Nem
aha
Up
lift
Salina Basin
Forest City
Basin
Central K
ansas
Uplift
Southern Oklahoma
Aulacogen
Mid
con
tin
ent
Rif
t
OsageTexas
Ellis
Beaver
Butler
Kay
Ford
Reno
Ellis
Ness
Elk
Gove
Le Flore
Caddo
Finney
Gray
Clark
Woods
Grady
Grant
Lyon
Gray
Logan
Major
Kiowa
Barber
Creek
Rice
Gage
Lincoln
Smith
Trego
Pittsburg
Pratt
Cowley
Harper
Custer
Sumner
Blaine
Bates
Jewell
Dewey
Clay
Lane
Meade
Linn
Alfalfa
Scott
Craig
Rooks
Marion
Rush
Cass
Rawlins
Lincoln
Barton
Garfield
Donley
Thomas
Hall
Dundy
Norton
Chase
Carson
Clay
Otoe
Frontier
Noble
Riley
Washita
Phillips
HallBuffalo
Garvin
Russell
Cloud
Kearny
Chase
Logan
Kiowa
Vernon
Harper
Roberts
Holt
Woodward
Saline
Decatur
York
Morris
Hayes
Greer
Graham
Adair
Perkins
Wheeler
Dawson
Osage
Payne
Sherman
Tulsa
Marshall
Potter
Wallace
Hughes
Sedgwick
Hemphill
Benton
Osborne
Scott
Mayes
Hamilton
Furnas
Grant
Roger Mills
Ochiltree
Coffey
Page
Hansford
AllenStafford
LincolnOttawa
Sheridan
Moore
Greenwood
Rogers
Miami
Kingman
Wichita
Latimer
Beckham
Lipscomb
Cass
MortonJasper
Mitchell
Canadian
Nodaway
Pawnee
Saline
Cheyenne
Clay
Kingfisher
Comanche
Stevens
Brown
Taylor
Barton
Greeley
Armstrong
Coal
Labette
Dickinson
Harlan
Wilson
Nemaha
Haskell
Polk
Seward
Del
awar
e
Randall
Newton
Republic
Thayer
Pontotoc
Stanton
Muskogee
Adams
HutchinsonCherokee
Jackson
Ellsworth
McPherson
Phelps
Haskell
Lancaster
Hodgeman
McIntosh
Nowata
Washington
Harvey
Bourbon
Neosho
Jackson
Hitchcock
Pawnee
Gentry
Platte
Comanche
Franklin
Fillmore
Franklin
Washington
McClain
Sherman
Sequoyah
Edwards
Ray
Oklahoma
Jackson
Webster
Okmulgee
Seminole
Briscoe
Ottawa
Collingsworth
Nuckolls
Harmon
Wabaunsee
Wagoner
Okfuskee
Seward
Geary
Crawford
Crawford
Atchison
Swisher
Red Willow
Pottawatomie
Gosper
Jefferson
Fremont
Kearney
Ringgold
Anderson
Cherokee
Jefferson
Clinton
Shawnee
Douglas
Andrew
Johnson
Cleveland
Seb
asti
an
Woodson
McDonald
Pawnee
De Kalb
Chautauqua
Hamilton
Atchison
Richardson
Nemaha
Worth
Johnson
StephensChildress
Doniphan
Buchanan
Atoka Pushmataha
MillsUnion
Murray
Adams
Tillman
Pot
taw
atom
ieMontgomery
Har
riso
n
Lea
venw
orth
Was
hing
ton
Dav
iess
Cal
dwel
l
Bar
ryJo
hnso
nD
ade
Hen
ry
Wyan-
Fra
nkli
nC
edar
Montgomery
Laf
ayet
te
Law
renc
eS
aint
Cla
irL
ogan
dotte
N E B R A S K A
I O W A
K A N S A S
MI
SS
OU
RI
AR
KA
NS
AS
O K L A H O M A
T E X A S
-102°-101° -100° -99° -98° -97° -96° -95°
-94°
41°
40°
39°
38°
37°
36°
35°
34.5°-95°-96°-97°-98°-99°-100°-101°-102° -94°
34.5°
36°
37°
38°
39°
40°
41°
35°
´0 25 50 75 100 Miles
0 30 60 90 120 Kilometers
Albers Equal-Area Conic projection; NAD 83 datumContour: Elevation in feet
OF 4-2018, PLATE 2 Bottom Elevation of Viola Limestone
byKevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. Chang
After Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent, Plate 10, p. 47
125°
50° 50°125° 65°
65°
25°25°
Index map showing outline of study area
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
750750750
250250250
250
250
250
250250250250250250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250250250
100100100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100100100 100100100
100
100
100
100100100
100100100
100100100
100100100
100
100
100
100100100
100100100
AnadarkoBasin
Amarillo Uplift Arbuckle
Mtn. Uplift Sem
inole
Arch
Arkoma Basin
Pra
ttA
nti
clin
e
Hug
oton
Em
baym
ent Nem
aha
Up
lift
Salina Basin
Forest City
Basin
Central K
ansas
Uplift
Southern Oklahoma
Aulacogen
Mid
con
tin
ent
Rif
t
OsageTexas
Ellis
Beaver
Butler
Kay
Ford
Reno
Ellis
Ness
Elk
Gove
Le Flore
Caddo
Finney
Gray
Clark
Woods
Grady
Grant
Lyon
Gray
Logan
Major
Kiowa
Barber
Creek
Rice
Gage
Lincoln
Smith
Trego
Pittsburg
Pratt
Cowley
Harper
Custer
Sumner
Blaine
Bates
Jewell
Dewey
Clay
Lane
Meade
Linn
Alfalfa
Scott
Craig
Rooks
Marion
Rush
Cass
Rawlins
Lincoln
Barton
Garfield
Donley
Thomas
Hall
Dundy
Norton
Chase
Carson
Clay
Otoe
Frontier
Noble
Riley
Washita
Phillips
HallBuffalo
Garvin
Russell
Cloud
Kearny
Chase
Logan
Kiowa
Vernon
Harper
Roberts
Holt
Woodward
Saline
Decatur
York
Morris
Hayes
Greer
Graham
Adair
Perkins
Wheeler
Dawson
Osage
Payne
Sherman
Tulsa
Marshall
Potter
Wallace
Hughes
Sedgwick
Hemphill
Benton
Osborne
Scott
Mayes
Hamilton
Furnas
Grant
Roger Mills
Ochiltree
Coffey
Page
Hansford
AllenStafford
LincolnOttawa
Sheridan
Moore
Greenwood
Rogers
Miami
Kingman
Wichita
Latimer
Beckham
Lipscomb
Cass
MortonJasper
Mitchell
Canadian
Nodaway
Pawnee
Saline
Cheyenne
Clay
Kingfisher
Comanche
Stevens
Brown
Taylor
Barton
Greeley
Armstrong
Coal
Labette
Dickinson
Harlan
Wilson
Nemaha
Haskell
Polk
Seward
Del
awar
e
Randall
Newton
Republic
Thayer
Pontotoc
Stanton
Muskogee
Adams
HutchinsonCherokee
Jackson
Ellsworth
McPherson
Phelps
Haskell
Lancaster
Hodgeman
McIntosh
Nowata
Washington
Harvey
Bourbon
Neosho
Jackson
Hitchcock
Pawnee
Gentry
Platte
Comanche
Franklin
Fillmore
Franklin
Washington
McClain
Sherman
Sequoyah
Edwards
Ray
Oklahoma
Jackson
Webster
Okmulgee
Seminole
Briscoe
Ottawa
Collingsworth
Nuckolls
Harmon
Wabaunsee
Wagoner
Okfuskee
Seward
Geary
Crawford
Crawford
Atchison
Swisher
Red Willow
Pottawatomie
Gosper
Jefferson
Fremont
Kearney
Ringgold
Anderson
Cherokee
Jefferson
Clinton
Shawnee
Douglas
Andrew
Johnson
Cleveland
Seb
asti
an
Woodson
McDonald
Pawnee
De Kalb
Chautauqua
Hamilton
Atchison
Richardson
Nemaha
Worth
Johnson
StephensChildress
Doniphan
Buchanan
Atoka Pushmataha
MillsUnion
Murray
Adams
Tillman
Pot
taw
atom
ieMontgomery
Har
riso
n
Lea
venw
orth
Was
hing
ton
Dav
iess
Cal
dwel
l
Bar
ryJo
hnso
nD
ade
Hen
ry
Wyan-
Fra
nkli
nC
edar
Montgomery
Laf
ayet
te
Law
renc
eS
aint
Cla
irL
ogan
dotte
N E B R A S K A
I O W A
K A N S A S
MI
SS
OU
RI
AR
KA
NS
AS
O K L A H O M A
T E X A S
-102°-101° -100° -99° -98° -97° -96° -95°
-94°
41°
40°
39°
38°
37°
36°
35°
34.5°-95°-96°-97°-98°-99°-100°-101°-102° -94°
34.5°
36°
37°
38°
39°
40°
41°
35°
´0 25 50 75 100 Miles
0 30 60 90 120 Kilometers
Albers Equal-Area Conic projection; NAD 83 datumContour: Elevation in feet
OF 4-2018, PLATE 3 Thickness of Viola Limestone
byKevin D. Crain and Jefferson C. Chang
After Petroleum Geology of the Mid-Continent, Plate 10, p. 47
125°
50° 50°125° 65°
65°
25°25°
Index map showing outline of study area