Lisa Flatt, RN, MSN, CHPN

Lower GI tract The Large intestine consists of:

____________ ____________ ____________

Sigmoid Colon Rectum & Anus

Where does the majority of bowel absorption take place?_____________________

Can you voluntarily contract and relax the anal sphincters?_____________________

Is the GI tract sterile?_____________ Where is the peritoneum?_________ Is the peritoneal area sterile?_______

Surgery that involves the bowel is considered “unclean” because the bowel contents and flora contain a large amount of bacteria, that if spread to the peritoneum cause peritonitis.

How would a patient develop peritonitis if they have abdominal surgery – that does not involve the bowel? (like a C-section)

Feces/fecal matter/bowel movement /stool– what are some other terms patients may use?

“Normal stool” is soft, firm, brown and formed Abnormal consistency: diarrhea, constipated

(hard, rock-like), flakey, fulminant, frothy, liquid

“Abnormal” colors: white, yellow, green, red, black, clay-colored, chalk-colored

Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

Nephron – the functional unit of the kidney Glomeruli- filters wastes; absorption,

resorption and reabsorption of fluids & electrolytes = initial production of urine

Loop of Henle – tubular system in the glomeruli (descending & ascending) that transport the urine, it starts as H2O and becomes more acidic as it moves down the loop

What is the difference between the male and female urethra?________________________

What does UTI stand for?________________ Is a UTI in a male or female considered an

emergency and very serious? _________ Why?_____________________________

Is the Urinary Tract sterile?____________ Is urinary function usually decreased as a

result of the loss of one kidney?_________

Define Pyelonephritis __________________ Can upper urinary tract infections be

considered life-threatening?_____________ Are lower UTI’s more common in men or

women?_____________________ How are they treated?______________ What are some drug classifications used

to treat UTI’s?___________

Urine/Making water/ pee pee/ wee wee – can you think of any other names?

“Normal” appearance – clear and light yellow in color

“Abnormal” findings - blood, sediment, mucus or calculi (stones), brown color, foul smelling, sluggish (thick)

What can dark colored urine indicate?_____________

What if urine is bloody/red colored?_______

Who is at the highest risk for urinary retention? ____Why?__________________

Sex Age & Developmental Level Individual Preferences and patterns

(dietary habits) Physical condition Cultural, spiritual and/or religious factors Socioeconomic factors Environmental factors Psychological factors

Turn to page 33 in your workbook

Turn to page 34

Turn to page 34 and 35

How do the various stages of life affect elimination?_________________________

What affect can activity have on intestinal elimination?_________________________

What affect does physical condition have on intestinal elimination?__________________

What affect does diet have on intestinal elimination?__________________________

PROBLEM WHAT TO DO

Constipation Diarrhea Fecal impaction Flatulence Incontinence Helminths

PROBLEM WHAT TO DO

Frequency Nocturia Urgency Dysuria Enuresis Incontinence Retention Polyuria

DISEASE/CONDITION CAUSE AND TREATMENT

UTI – BPH – Incontinence –

Functional Overflow Reflex Total

Retention – Urinary suppression -