embedded based
TRANSCRIPT
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EMBEDDED BASED ANTI-COLLISION
SYSTEM IN TRAINS AND CONTROLLING OFUNMANNED RAIL GATES
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ABSTRACT
IR transmitter and RF receiver are placed in trains . IR receivers are placed in the tracks at a certain distance
apart while, the RF transmitter is placed near the gate.
IR signal is received when the IR transmitter comes in
line with the receiver. This is applicable when a singletrain or two trains are moving along the same track.
The microcontroller sends suitable control signals to thegate and also to the RF receiver in train via the RFtransmitter connected with it.
Thus, incase of trains moving along the same trackin opposite directions, suitable signals are send so thatcollision is prevented and also automated gate closure isachieved.
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AIM
To prevent the head - on collisions in trains and control the
unmanned rail gates automatically using embedded platform.
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INTRODUCTION
Automation at railways would provide a safe and secure
journey to the passengers.
At present ,GPS based system used to avoid rail accidentsonly available, mainly identifies the location of the trains.
Billions of rupees are spent at making railway operations free
of accidents, be it collision of trains or unmanned rail gates.
The usage of IR and RF signals helps in reducing the overallcost and betterment in design.
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TransceiverGPS Receiver
TransceiverMCUGPS Receiver
ExternalComputer
.
MCU
TRANSMITTER MODULE
RECEIVER MODULE
GPS-BASED SYSTEM
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DISADVANTAGES
Unclear resolution, which is difficult to find whether the
train is coming in the opposite track.
Hardware is larger in size and very expensive.
It requires computer as an external device to transfer the
information.
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IR
RECEIVER.2
(TSOP1738)
IR
RECEIVER.1
(TSOP1738)
MICROCONTROLLER
(AT89S52)ENCODER RF TRANSMITTER
DC MOTOR
AND
BUZZER
To the gate section.
Signal from
IR TXR(Train 1)
Signal from
IR Txn.2(Train 2)
OVERALL-LAYOUT
RF RECEIVER
MICROCONTROLLER
(AT89S52)
DECODER
DC MOTOR
AND
RELAY
Wired communication.
Wireless communication.
To
RF receiver
in train
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HARDWARE USED IR Transmitter(Would be placed in train)
TSOP 1738 Receivers RF 433.92 MHz transmitter and receiver pair
Microcontrollers (AT89s52)
Decoder
Encoder
Buzzer
DC Motor
Stepper motor
Relays
ULN 2003 IC
LM 7805 IC 555 Timer IC
Step down transformer(15-0-15) v
SOFTWARE USED
Embedded C using Keil
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ADVANTAGES
The proposed model is a cost effective one when compared
with the existing.
Advanced micro-controller AT89S52 with 8K bytes of In-
system re-programmable flash memory.
In TSOP1738, continuous data transmission is possible (up to2400 bytes).
Fine resolution and low power consumption.
On the whole, it provides a better way of preventing rail
accidents.
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PROCESSING OF CONTROLLER IN TRANSIMITTER SECTION
START
CHECKOUT
THE INPUTS
If
IR RX.1=
IR RX,2
==1
SIGNALS TRANSMITTED
FROM RF TRANSMITTER
TO RF RECEIVER.
If
IR RX.1^I
IR RX.2=1
CLOSURE OF GATE.
STOP
GATE REMAINS
OPEN.
TRAINS HALT
YES
NO
NO
YES
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PROCESSING OF CONTROLLER IN RECEIVER SECTION
start
Check for the input from
the RF receiver
While
(RX==X)
Relay trips
Enable buzzer
Stop
YES
Trains' continue
to move
NO
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MICROCONTROLLER
The AT89S52 low power, high performance CMOS 8-bit controller
is used in both the transmitter and receiver section in our project.
FEATURES:
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O LinesEight Interrupt Sources
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
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IRTRANSMITTERThe transmitter circuit consists of the following components:
IC 555
Resistors
Capacitors IR LED
The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the transmitting unit.To generate IR signal, 555 IC based astable multi-vibrator is used.
IC 555 is used to construct an astable multi-vibrator which hastwo quasi-stable states. It generates a square wave of frequency38.5kHz and amplitude 5Volts. It is required to switch ON the IRLED.
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DISCHARGE
vcc RESET
THRESHOLD
TRIGGER
GND CONTROL
RA
RB
C
C
D
1
6
5
2
43
7
+vcc
555 TIMER
IR transmitter uses 555 timer in
astable mode for the signal
enhancement .
COMPONENTS RATING:
RA -10K.
RB - 22K.
F - 38.5KHZ.
FORMULA USED:
F = 1.45
(RA + RB ) c
ASTABLE MODE:
Output
Input to LED
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IR RECEIVER
DESCRIPTION:
The TSOP17...-series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remotecontrol systems used for the same in the project. PIN diode and preamplifier areassembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR filter. When IRreceiver1 receives the logic level 0, the P1.0 pin of ATMEL controller will beactivated. Correspondingly when received form IR receiver2 P1.1 pin will beactivated.
FEATURES: Internal filter for PCM frequency.
TTL and CMOS compatibility. Output active low. Low power consumption. High immunity against ambient light
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APPLICATION CIRCUIT
10Kohms
2
3
1 C
100ohms
10F
IR TXN.
TSOP 17..
VCC (+5v)
http://ex.pptx/http://ex.pptx/http://review-3%20ppt%289%29.pptx/http://review-3%20ppt%289%29.pptx/ -
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ENCODER (HT12E)
ENCODER OPERATION:
2^12 Series of
encoder begins 4-wordtransmission cycle uponreceipt of a transmissionenable(TE=0). Data istransmitted until TE=0. oncethe TE returns high theencoder output completes itsfinal cycle.
I\P pin for
address
OSC1, OSC2 RC Type R=10K
TE-Transmission enable
I\P pin
for
address
& data
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DECODER (HD12D)
DECODER OPERATION:
2^12 Series of decoder receives
data transmitted by an encoderthrough RF transceiver pair.
DECODER INTERPRETS:
a) The first N bits of code period as
address.
b) Last 12-N bits as data.HD12Dprovides 4 latch-type data
pins whose data remains unchanged
until new data is received.
Input add.
pins
output
data pins
OSC1,OSC2- RC type R=58 to 65K;C=0.1F
VT : Indicates valid transmission.
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RF TRANSMITTER MODULE-TX 01-ASK
GENERAL DESCRIPTION:
This TX 01-ASK Hybrid RFtransmitter module transmits theencoded data from HD12E typeencoder to the RF receiver through airat particular frequency of 433.92MHZ
FEATURES:
Frequency Range: 433.92 MHz
Supply Voltage: 3V to 6V
Output Power: 4 ~ 12 dbm
APPLICATION CIRCUIT
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RF RECEIVER MODULE-RX 02- ASK
APPLICATION CIRCUITGENERAL DESCRIPTION:
This RX02-ask Hybrid receiver
receives the particular RF Signal
of frequency (433.92MHZ)
through a single core antenna.
FEATURES:
Receiver Frequency: 433 MHz
Typical Sensitivity: 105 Dbm
IF Frequency: 1MHz
Low Power Consumption
Operating Voltage: 5V
MCU
VCC DATA
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POWER SUPPL Y CIRCUIT
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Reduction in inaccuracy in the transmission of data and overall cost can be
achieved.
The micro-controller used is a well-advanced version and also has the ability
to cope up with our software.
It can be implemented mainly in the rural areas where the existing design of
preventing the head-on collisions cannot serve its purpose.
This can be further implemented to have control room to regulate the working
of the system.
Thus the newly designed system to prevent accidents could overcome all
the demerits in the existing design and ultimately prove to be a better design as
the task of automation has been accomplished.
CONCLUSION