EMBEDDED SYSTEM

IN ROBOTICS

As we are talking about embedded systems, which consist of different kinds of microcontrollers and microprocessors.

SO WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER AND MICROPROCESSOR?A microcontroller is a programmable digital processors with necessary peripherals. Both microcontrollers and microprocessors are complex sequential circuits meant to carry out job according to program/instruction. So inputs to this chips are either digital or analog where analog is converted to digital.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MICROCONTROLLER AND MICROPROCESSOR1.A microprocessor requires an external memory for program or data storage.But a microcontroller has a internal flash memory.2.A microprocessor needs other peripherals to be connected but a microcontroller has all the peripherals on the chip itself.3.The clock speed of microprocessor is in giga Hz but clock speed of a microcontroller is in mega Hz.

THE BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF MICROCONTROLLER.

Features of modern microcontrollers 1.built in monitor program2.built in program memory3.interrupts 4.analog i/o5.serial i/o6.timers and counters

Internal structure of a microcontroller

DIFFERENT OF ARCHITECTURE OF MICROCONTROLLRERS.

1.Harvard2.Princeton(Von Neumann)

ATMEGA16ATMEGA16 is example of a microcontroller which I used to make some autonomous robots.ATMEGA16 is manufactured by ATMEL.There are many other companies which manufactures these kind of microcontrollers are Intel,Microchip and Motorola.

ATMEGA16 FEATURES:Advanced RISC architecture16k flash memory512 bytes EEPROM/1k byte internal SRAM32 programmable i/o lines8/10 bit ADCFour pwm channelsUSART,SPI communication pinsexternal and internal interrupt source.

PIN DIAGRAM OF ATMEGA16

CODING OF ATMEGA16 –BASIC

USING CVAVRcoding of obstacle avoider

robot

A simple object avoider robot using IR sesors.