الله بسمالرحيم الرحمن

   

EMBRYOLOGY IN

NAJIYA.CBA ENGLISH

HOLY QUR’

AN

INTRODUCTION

Embryology, the science which deals with the development of an embryo is one of the many miracles in the holy quran. It is evident that quranic verses gives an accurate description of the main stages the embryo encounters during creation and formation until delivery.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Scientists at that time of prophet (PBUH) believed that man was created from menstrual blood

Until the 18th century there were two theories:

1- It was assumed by Aristotle that a full dwarf

embryo exists in man's semen 2- full dwarf embryo created out of

the woman’s menstrual blood coagulation

The dwarf embryo as imagined by  Leonardo da Vinci from the 15th century (on the left)

The sperm as miniature human being by Hartsoeker from the 17th century (on the right)

In 1775 Spallanzani suggested that man’s sperm and woman’s ovum participate in the creation of the embryo. 

In 1783, Van Beneden was able to confirm this statement, and thus the idea of the dwarf embryo had been discarded

The Qur'an is the divine guidance for mankind, and it is the final divine revelation of God. The Qur'an was revealed to Muhammad (570 - 632) by the angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years.

THE QUR'AN

EMBRYOLOGY IN THE HOLY QUR'AN

 “What is the matter with you, that ye are not conscious of Allah’s majesty,- Seeing that it is He that has created you in diverse stages" (71: 13-14)

( . SمTك VقVل Vخ Sد VقVو ا ار\ VقVو ل_له_ Vون Tج SرVت Vال SمTكVل ماا 14-13نوح )( أVطSوVار\ )

TESTICLES AND SPERMS

The testicles, begin their development near the kidney. Later they descend before birth to reach the scrotum through the inguinal canal.

Testicles form The mans fluid (semen ). Semen contains hundred million sperms (500-

600). Sperms should gushing in order to enter

through the vagina and uterine cervix Only one sperm fertilizes the ovum of woman. The sperm and not the ovum decides the sex

of the embryo

In QURAN

( دافق ماء من بين ) (خلق من يخرجوالترائب ( الصلب

He is created from a drop emitted proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs

خصيم هو فأذا النطفة من األنسان خلقمبين

He has created man from a sperm(fluid-drop)and beholds this same(man)becomes an open disputer(16:4)

( . م�اء م"ن خ&ل"ق# خ&ل"ق# م"م# ان& "نس# اإل, #نظ&ر" ,ي ف#لالطارق) (6-5د#اف"ق8

“SO, LET MAN CONSIDER OF WHAT HE WAS CREATED . HE WAS CREATED OF GUSHING WATER” (86: 5-6)

NUTFAH TاهVنSلVع Vج Vف نVبSتVل_يه_ اج� VشSم

Vأ ة� VفSطTن Sم_ن Vان Vاإل_نس نVا SقVل Vخ إ_ناير\ بVص_ يع\ا م_ Vس))

2اإلنسان: ( )

“Verily We created man from a drop of a mingled fluid-drop (nutfa amshaj), in order to try him: so We gave him (the gifts), of hearing and sight.” (76:2).

“Nutfa” in Arabic means “very little water” “Amshaj” means “mingling ” as man’s water

mingles with that of the woman ”

CLINGING OF EMBRYO IN THE UTERUSALAQA

This starts on the 15th day and ends on the 23rd or 24th day, the embryo looks like a leech. Blood is formed in the vessels at the shape of closed islands, having the image of clotted blood.

Four cell embryo

Two cell embryo oFertilized ovumFertilized ovum

THE ZYGOTE DIVIDES QUICKLY WITHOUT A CHANGE IN SIZE AND MOVE FROM THE FALLOPIAN TUBE (CONNECTING THE OVARY AND THE UTERUS) TOWARDS THE UTERUS,

WHERE IT IS IMPLANTED.

QURA’NIC DESCRIPTION OF THIS STAGE

( ) المؤمنون) سورة ة\ VقVلVع Vة VفSالن�ط نVا SقVل Vخ (14ثTم

“then of that  fluid-drop (nutfa) We created a  leech-like clot" (23:14) .

 Alaqa, in Arabic, has several meanings:

1- A leech that lives in ponds and sucks the blood of other creatures.

2-  A thing attached or clings to something else.

3- Clotted or coagulated blood.

( خلق الذي ربك باسم األنسان ) (أقرأ خلقعلق Proclaim!(or read!) In the name of(من

thy lord and cherisher , who created-created man ,out of a (mere)clot of congealed blood (96:1-2)

THE LEECH AS IT APPEARS ON THE UTERINE SURFACE

MUDGHA STAGESCIENTIFICALLY THE EMBRYO IS TRANSFORMED FROM THE STAGE OF ALAQA TO THE STAGE OF MUDGHA ON THE 24TH DAY TO THE 26TH DAY.

( غVة\ SضTم Vة VقVلVعSال نVا SقVل Vخ Vف) ( 14المؤمنون: )“then We changed the Alaqa (leech-like

clot) into a Mudgha (chewed-like lump) ” (23: 14). 

Five weeks human embryo which looks like a piece of a chewed gum

STAGE OF BONES

A CARTILAGINOUS SKELETON STARTS TO SPREAD IN THE BODY. TRANSFORMATION FROM THE MUDGHA FORM  TO THE BEGINNING OF THE SKELETON FORM OCCURS IN A VERY SHORT PERIOD OF TIME AT THE END OF THE 6TH WEEK AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 7TH WEEK.

In Quran

“then we made out of that mudgha (chewed-like lump)bones”(23:14)

IN QURAN“AND CLOTHED THE BONES WITH FLESH”(23:14)

Muscle stageThis stage, which starts at the end of the

7th week and ends at the end of the 8th week

Until very recently, embryologists assumed that the bones and muscles in an embryo develope at the same time. Yet, advanced microscopic research has revealed that first, the cartilage tissue of the embryo ossifies. Then muscular cells that are selected from amongst the tissue around the  bones come together and wrap around the bones 

EMBRYO STAGE AND FOETUS STAGE

Scientific facts: By the end of the 8th week, a new

stage starts.  The rate of developing accelerates compared with the previous one. 

Between the 9th and 12th week, the embryo starts to transform into another creature, as the sizes of head, body and limbs start to be balanced and regular.

By the 16th week , it becomes a Foetus.

ا)  م\ SحVل VامVع_ظSال نVا Sو VسVك Vف Vر Vآخ ا لSق\ Vخ TاهVنS أ VنشVأ ثTم Vين ال_ق_ VخSال Tن VسSحVأ Tالله Vك VارVبVت Vف( : المؤمنون)

14)

“And clothed the bones with flesh; then We developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to create.” (23: 14)

EMBRYONIC STAGETHE IMAGE OF EMBRYO DOES NOT LOOK LIKE HUMANS

Foetus stage( another creature’ ) 16th week ( 112 days)  Eyebrows, eyelashes and fine hair appear. The foetus can grasp with his hands, kick, or even somersault. here the unborn baby is sucking his thumb

CONCLUSION it is evident that these Quranic verses give

an accurate description of the main stages the embryo encounters during creation and formation until delivery.

It is noticed that these changes coincide with the remarks of modern embryology, and truly expresses the external phenomena of changes that result from the internal changes.

This proves the miraculous nature of the Quran, which cannot be revealed except from the Almighty Allah

IN QUR’AN

يتبين) حتى أنفسهم في و الآفاق في آياتنا سنريهمفصلت ( ) الحق أنه (53لهم

“Soon will We show them our signs in the furthest horizons, and in their selves, until it becomes manifest to them that this is the Truth” (41: 53).

Thank you for your attention and may Allah guide us to what pleases Him

رب لله الحمد أن دعوانا آخر والعالمين