emc engineering and verification · 2016-07-01 · european metrology research program (emrp) as jo...

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UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING.

EMC Engineering and Verification

EMC for Large Installations

Frits J.K. Buesink, Senior Researcher [email protected]

Funded by the European Union on the basis of Decision No 912/2009/EC, and identified in theEuropean Metrology Research Program (EMRP) as Joint Research Project (JRP) IND60 EMC (2013-2016).Additional funding was received from the EMRP participating countries.

UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Contents

2EMC Engineering and Verification

The research leading to these results has receivedfunding from the European Union on the basis ofDecision No 912/2009/EC, and identified in theEuropean Metrology Research Program (EMRP)as Joint Research Project (JRP) IND60 EMC,Improved EMC test methods in industrial environments.Additional funding was received from the EMRPparticipating countries

Acknowledgements

1. Engineering vs. Verification of EMC

2. Performance Criteria

3. Standards and Environments

4. Front door vs. Back door Coupling

5. Definition of Regions and Zones

6. System Aspects

7. Example: Power Quality

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Two Aspects of Achieving EMC

Engineering Compatible Equipment and then Qualifying it for EMC


“White Box” approach

Partner in the Design Team

Incorporate EMC in the Design

Get information from the EM-Network

Formulate Design Rules

Find Problems and Fix them

“Black Box” approach

Independent

“GO” or “NO-GO”

Standardized Approach

Engineering Verification

EMRP IND60: Improved EMC methods (to qualify)In Industrial Environments

Large Stationary Installations in Industry


There is much interest for EM-Engineering

Phenomena – Measures Presentation (100+ attendees/stakeholders}


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UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE.TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGEMC Engineering and Verification

EMC has two aspects: Immunity and Emissions

“The ability of the System to Operate according to its Specificationsin its Intended Electromagnetic Environment” [IMMUNITY]

“Without generating Unacceptable Electromagnetic Disturbancesinto that Environment” [EMISSION]

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Three Criteria for EMC

EMC Engineering and Verification

1. No (intolerable) emissions into the environment

2. Operate satisfactorily in its EM environment

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e 3. Not cause interference with itself3. Not cause interference with itself

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4


Systems Perspective: Performance Criteria

what happens when immunity threshold levels are approached?

ASystem continues to work according to specificationDegradation not acceptableGenerally applies to all interference with a continuous nature

BTemporary degradation acceptable, auto recovery.Usually applies to sporadic interferenceto a non-critical function.

C Degradation acceptable. Recovery after manual RESET.e.g. at mains interruptions. Only for non-critical functions. A

n U

NS

AF

Esi

tuat

ion

is n

ever

acc

epta

ble

!

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Good EMC behavior insensitive to standard used

systems EMC requirements are set by the environment it is intended for

Ground BasedAirborneAt Sea

Industry

Domestic

Small

MediumLarge

[Tests to cover]

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Standards address different EM Phenomena

tests are defined to check each aspect

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Front Door / Back Door EMI

Front Door: Intended Coupling Path; Back Door: Unintended Coupling Path

Receiver87 - 108 [MHz]

Mains Cord

100

[MH

z] in

-ban

din

terf

eren

ce

Front DoorCM

9 [MHz] out-of-bandinterference

Back Door

10

Back Door

I/O interface

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Engineering Solution: Define Regios or Zones

Regions are defined Electromagnetic Environments

0

1

2

Aim: use commercial equipment in region 2 (susceptibility level 10 V/m)

Shielding between successive regions: 20 - 40 dB (factor 10 to 100)

Define where EM zones will be Define the EM levels per region Use adequate current boundaries between regions

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Create Environments using Current Boundaries

any environment can be created following simple physical principles


common-mode loopthrough cabling

common-mode loopequivalent model

removal of the paththrough equipment

using a Current Boundary

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Cables are either Source or Victim of CM-currents

Cables create CM-currents through transfer-impedance: ZT


Category

red = “source” =“Emission”

1. Noisy (E)

green =“sensitive” =“Immunity”

2. Sensitive (I)

blue =“indifferent” =

“Neutral”

3. Indifferent (N)

Model

ICM

E

I N


Three types of Current Boundaries (CB)

cables can be short-circuited using a metal cable tray (type II CB)


Enclosure / EMC Cabinet / Shielded Room

Environment Region “0”

Environment Region “1”

type 1: Connector Plate

type 3: shielded enclosure

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Regions/Environments can be Nested

this makes it easier to go from harsh to very quiet

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Only Limited Shielding can be achieved per Enclosure

20 -40 [dB]; but it can be applied recursively!

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Two ways to achieve EMC: 1. The Crisis Approach

“Build the plane, push it off the cliff, let it crash and start all over again”

EMC Engineering and Verification 17

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2. The “Systems Approach”

Consider EMC right from the start throughout the design

0

many

Ava

ilabl

e M

itiga

tion

Opt

ions

Concept Design Manufacture Test Operational

Requirements

Measures

0

M$$C

ost o

f Mod

ifica

tion

Check bonding

Repair/redesign

Bankruptcy

phase in the lifecycle

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“Systems Designers Heaven”

independent building blocks with “abstract” behaviour

System

Software

HardwareModules

Components

Object Oriented

realise complex from simpler behaviour

make assemblies independent

solve “undesired” as low as possible


Product Development/Program Support

perform engineering & qualification tests


http://www.thales-ecc.nl/onze-expertise/emc/

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EMC approach through the Knowledge Cycle

insert electro magnetic behavior up front

Problem definition:“desired behavior”

Research/Analyses

Behavioral Model

Validatedmodels

KnowledgeTransfer &Education

DevelopmentSupport

Validation/Verification

“Test”


Example: Power Quality

EMI related; Compatibility required

Power LinePower Supply -

Mains GeneratorPower User

Conducted Emissions

Conducted Susceptibility

Other users

Various Powerdisturbances

User Load Fluctuations

“Voltage Quality” or “Quality of Supply”

“Current Quality” or “Quality of Consumption”Reference: Bollen, Math H.J. “Understanding Power Quality Problems”, IEEE Press, 2000ISBN 0-7803-4713-7, IEEE Order Number PC5764

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Modern Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)

electronic circuit with diode bridge and bulk capacitor


Diode Bridge

Bulk Capacitor Current Waveformon a “Decent” Sine-Shaped

Voltage Waveform

Source: Wikipedia


Monitor synchronous noise on the mains

special interface box that filters out frequencies below 2 kHz


The filter is intended for measurements from 2 – 150 kHz (high cutoff around 3 MHz)

PE

Line

Protective Earth (PE)

MonitorVmains

50 kNeutral

50 k

50

L - N L-PE N-PE

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Monitor synchronous noise on the mains

special interface box that filters out frequencies below 2 kHz


The filter is intended for measurements from 2 – 150 kHz (high cutoff around 6 MHz)


Analyze Filter Characteristics

e.g. using a SPICE simulator


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Filter Performance

simulated and measured filter transfer function



Problem 2: Switcher Frequencies Pollute Environment

low power fast switching requires short risetime IGBT’s and MOSFETs


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Problem 3: Power Islands: Overproduction

mains voltage too high at high illumination levels


>253 VAC@ 45 KVAgeneration


Mechanism of Overvoltage at Sunny Days: Ohm’s Law

farm’s powercable cannot handle 45 KVA in the opposite direction


400V/10kV

2.5 km

R R

∆ 2

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What if all Neighbours Install Solar Panels?

like the little lamp-currents, many small ones make one big one!



How to Solve these Conflicts?

supply and demand, storage, who is in control? the Smart Grid!


Traditional: One Way Traffic

Now: Everybody can Supply or Use

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Thank you for your attention!


http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/rm/gmc-rm001_-en-p.pdf

http://www.engineering.schneider-electric.dk/Attachments/ia/instal/electromagnetic_compatibility_install_guide.pdf



Relation of MIL-STD-461E tests to Phenomena

survey of test identifiers

CE102 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 10 kHz to 10 MHz

RE101 Radiated Emissions, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz

RE102 Radiated Emissions, Electric Field, 10 kHz to 18 GHz

RE103 Radiated Emissions, Antenna Spurious and Harmonic Outputs, 10 kHz – 40 GHz

CS101 Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 150 kHz

CS114 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, 10 kHz to 200 MHz

CS116 Conducted Susceptibility, Damped Sinusoidal Transients, 10 kHz to 100 MHz

RS101 Radiated Susceptibility, Magnetic Field 30 Hz to 100 kHz

RS103 Radiated Susceptibility, Electric Field, 2 MHz to 40 GHz

RS105 Radiated Susceptibility, Transient Electromagnetic Field (NEMP)

emc engineering and verification · 2016-07-01 · european metrology research program (emrp) as jo...

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