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EMC – Safety WEEE – RoHS

ComplianceOverview

Steve Ferguson

Requirements

• Established by government legislation• Administered by national and local

government bodies• Purpose:

• Provide for public safety• Provide for operation of public

communication and electronic systems

Safety concerns

• Electrical shock (contact, insulation breakdown)• Energy related (burns, arcing, ejection of molten

metal)• Fire (fire spread)• Thermal (contact burn, insulation breakdown, ignition)• Mechanical (cuts, pinch, crush, equipment instability,

particulate ejection)• Radiation (sonic, RF, infra-red, ultraviolet, ionizing,

high intensity visible)• Chemical (contact, inhalation)

WEEE-RoHS concerns

• Exposure to hazardous materials• Air contamination (inhalation)• Contact (transfer of contamination)• Ingestion (water, etc.)

• Waste control• Management of waste volume• Recycling of natural resources

EMC concerns

• Emissions• Potential for interference to electronic

equipment• Exposure to radiated energy

• Immunity (Susceptibility)• Operation impact from man-made and

natural RF energy

Safety compliance - US

• NRTL• Products evaluated to specific safety criteria and

listed by the approved laboratory• Ongoing service agreement to assure that listed

item maintains conformity• Production testing for critical elements

• Electric strength (hi-pot)• Protective earth continuity (ground impedance)

• FDA• Products considered medical are evaluated by the

FDA through 510K application

Safety compliance - CE

• Directives• Machinery directive (98/37/EC) calls out safety & EMC• Low voltage directive (73/23/EC)• Medical device directive (93/42/EEC) calls out safety and EMC• Products evaluated to specific safety criteria for:

• Electrical hazards (shock, energy)• Fire hazards (initiating fire, containment)• Burn hazards (access, ignition, insulation breakdown)• Mechanical hazards (access to moving parts, particulate ejection)• Radiation hazards (noise, laser, x-ray, etc.)• Chemical hazards (containment, ventilation)

• Product specific standards are used• Manufacturer declares conformity and is responsible to maintain the

conformity• Many other directives (toys, pressure vessels, etc.) are active and may

apply in conjunction or be specified as clauses

WEEE-RoHS compliance

• US• National legislation not in effect• State governments enacting legislation

• California leading• Others have some activity

• Europe• Directives in effect

• Details in WEEE-RoHS presentation later today

EMC compliance - US• FCC

• US commercial• Applies to

• Unintentional emitters• RF transmitters

• Regulates emissions (not immunity)• CFR 47, Part 15

• ITE/Digital Devices (CIPSR 22 satisfies requirements) • Receivers• Unlicensed transmitters

• CFR47, Parts ----• Specific parts for designated applications

• Part 22 - Cellular devices• Part 90 - Licensed private land mobile radio• Others (Television, Satellite, Education, Amateur, etc.)

• FCC OET Bulletin 65, Supplement C• RF Exposure Levels to Humans

• ACTA – Administrative Council for Terminal Attachments• Telecommunications – Part 68

EMC Compliance - Canada

• Industry Canada• Formally Dept. of Communications• ICES-003 – unintentional emitters (US Part

15 harmonized)• CS03 – telecommunications products• RSS-210 – non-licensed RF products• RSS-119 – Land Mobile and Fixed Radio

EMC Compliance - CE

• Directives• EMC Directive

• 89/336/EEC (repeal 7/20/2007)• 2004/108/EC (effective 7/20/2007) – conformity

by 7/20/2009 • R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC

• Intentional emitters• Telecom networks

EMC Compliance - Other

• Military• MIL-STD-464A applies to systems• MIL-STD-461 for equipment (called out by MIL-STD-464A)• National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA Manual)

• Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)• US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 1.180 currently in

use• Provides for dual path of compliance testing

• MIL-STD-461, previously used by EPRI TR-102323• IEC 61000 series of EMI/RFI test methods

• Both approaches impose more stringent requirements than commercial specifications and call out stringent test methods and limits

• Telecomm industry• Bellcore (Telcordia) requirements for EMC, safety, environmental• Each company amends with specific requirements

Safety evaluation basics• General

• Are instructions provided for proper installation and operation?• Do warnings and labels conform to standards?

• Electrical shock/energy• Is access to shock hazards controlled?• Does chassis damage permit access?• Are components approved?

• Fire/Burn• Does operation or a fault present a hazard?• Is potential for fire spread controlled?• Is access to hot surfaces prevented?• Are components approved?

• Mechanical• Is access to moving parts controlled?• Is potential for flying debris controlled?• Is the item stable?

• Radiation• Is exposure to hazardous radiation controlled?• Are components approved?

• Chemical• Is exposure to chemicals controlled?

EMC emission evaluation basics

• General• Are all potential modes of operation examined?• Is the test article representative of production?• Are cables in place that represent recommended?

• Intentional emitter• Are emissions contained within the permitted frequency range?• Is the transmit power limited to the maximum allowed?• Does environmental conditions alter the performance?• Are installation and operation instructions provided?

• Unintentional emitter• Are radiated emission levels below the allowed threshold?• Are conducted emission levels below the allowed threshold?

• Special• Are particular emission modes applicable (e.g., magnetic fields)?• Are harmonic and flicker levels below the allowed threshold?

EMC immunity evaluation basics

• Does the unit perform within tolerance when• Exposed to ESD events?• Exposed to RF radiated fields?• Exposed to electrically fast transients on the cables?• Exposed to induced lightning surge transients on the cables?• Exposed to induced RF current on the cables?• Exposed to magnetic fields?• Exposed to power input voltage dips/interrupts?• Power harmonic energy on the power input?• Radiated transient energy?

• Is the performance criteria defined?• Is there a method to monitor performance ?

Directive 2004/40/EC

• Deals with health and safety requirements regarding exposure of workers to risks arising from electromagnetic fields

• Compliance mandatory from 30 April 2008• Generic standard EN 50392 comes into force on 1

October 2006 but is not currently required for demonstrating compliance

• EN 50366 providing for magnetic field evaluation of household and similar appliances within the scope of the Low Voltage Directive became mandatory 1 February 2006

EMC Design

• The next speaker will be dealing with basics of EMC design