Emergence of Indian Republicand

Problems of Indian Republic

Mr. Sychem R. ManlucotSilliman University

History 21- Asya

• Shortly after winning her independence changed her status from dominion to republic

• A constitution was adopted and put to effect• -January 26, 1950• - 20th anniversary of independence

Thus, it marked as the birth of the- Republic of India-

• The constitution declares:- “India is a sovereign democratic republic”- But she remains a member of the British

commonwealth of Nations- Hindi will become the national

Language(1965)- English usage continues

Indian constitution Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is hailed as the prime architect of the Indian Constitution

• What is a sovereign democratic republic?

• The head of the state is the president of the republic, whose power is similar to those in British Monarch

• Should be elected for a term of five 5 years

-The first President elected was:DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD

Elected 1952, re-elected 1957

• Real executive authority is exercise by:- Prime Minister- Head of the Council of Ministers ( cabinet)- He is responsible to the lower house of the

Parliament.

Motivation

• What do you think India should consider this as important?:

“ Sovereign Democratic Republic”

• Do you think it is effective?

Jawaharlal Nehru

• Scholar, statesman, has been serving as Prime minister since India became Independent

Architect of new India

AMEETING WQITH CHANCELLOR ADEUONOR

• The law making body is a parliament, consisting of the:

• Council of States ( upper house)• House of the People (lower house)

What is a Parliament Government?

• A parliament is a legislature. More specifically, "parliament" may refer only to a democratic government's legislature. The term is derived from the French parlement, the action of parler ("to speak"): a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which such a discussion took place.[when?] It acquired its modern meaning as it came to be used for the body of people (in an institutional sense) who would meet to discuss matters of state.[1]

• Generally, a parliament has three functions: representation, legislation and parliamentary control (i.e., hearings, inquiries).

Problems of Indian Republic

• The Republic of India is faced with four major problems:

• 1. the Kashmir Question• 2. over population• 3. illiteracy• 4. famine

• What are this problems? How it affects India?

Before that:

• Who is the head of the state?• A. Prime Minister B. President

• B. President• The first president elected in India.

• A. Nehru B. Dr. Prasad• B. Dr. Prasad

Kashmir Question• Kashmir has been a subject of dispute

between India and Pakistan.• Kashmir- a lovely country in the Himalayas- Produces the finest silk and wool.

STUDENTS IN AZAADAIR CAPITAL OF KASHMIR

A VIEW ON GOING TO KASHMIR LOOKING AT THE HIMALAYAS

TRADITONAL HOUSES IN KASHMIR

• Its’ ruler, a Hindu maharajah• Wanted his state incorporated with India. But

Pakistan objected.- Most of the population (Khasmir) Muslims.

• Armed conflict broke out on October 1947 when Pakistani tribesmen invaded Kashmir.

• In response to mahrajah’s appeal, the Indian Republic sent troops to Kashmir and occupied the land.

The role of the United Nations

• The UN intervened both India and Pakistan to cease hostilities on the new years eve of 1949.

• The security council voted to hold a plebiscite in Kashmir

-let the people decide if they will join India or Pakistan

- Until now the plebiscite has never been held.-Both continue to claim Kashmir.

Population

• India is one of the most densely populated in the world.

-suffers population explosion like China.-her economy can longer support the needs of

the people.-famine is the India’s main curse in the modern

times.

• Population of India in 2011• 1,210,193,422 (1.21 billion)• Total Male Population in India• 623,700,000 (623.7 million)• Total Female Population in India• 586,500,000 (586.5 million)• Sex Ratio• 940 females per 1,000 males

*During the 19th century there were:-32 recorded famines, during which 33, 000 000.-1943-44, India experienced her “biggest and

most devastating famine”

-In Bengal alone 3 400 000 people starved to death.

-masses undernourished, living in poverty and ignorance, yet famous for the fabulous wealth of her maharjahs.

• Finally, about 85% of India’s population are illiterates. It means that despite the British rule and the 46 universities and nearly 200 colleges in the country only 15% knows how to read and write.

Literates Illiterate Population0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

Column1Column2Series 1

LITERACY OF INDIA PIE GRAPHMale: 70.2%

female: 48.3%

PERCENTAGE

MALE LITERATEFEMALE LITERATE

Country LITERACY RIRAATE 2003

COUNTRY LITERACY RATE2003

AFGHANISTAN 36.0 % MALDIVES 96.9

BANGLADESH 40.0 MONGOLIA 98.4

BHUTAN 42.2 MYANMAR 84.7

CAMBODIA 79.1 NEPAL 41.7

CHINA 85.2 PAKISTAN 43.2

INDIA 57.2 PNG 63.9

INDONESIA 86.8 PHILS 94.9

IRAN 76 SRI LANKA 91.6

LAOS 64.8 THAILAND 95.5

MALAYSIA 87.4 VIETNAM 92.5 SOURCE: ASIAN CIVILIZATION p.343

• At the present time 18 million is added to the population per year:

• For example:CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN

20031292.3 MILLION

20031073.00 MILLION

2003147.66 MILLION

1,073,000

199073000

18 million x 11 years (2014)

198, 000,000

1,931,400,000,00 198,000,000+ 1807300199073000

Asian development bank 2004.

• Further more India can compete China in populations term in the near future.

• As a result of high population, natural resources are destructed.

Do you agree?“People’s Literacy Matters at all”

Question:

• How does population affects to economic growth?

• As what you have heard, what can be inferred about India? Why do you think so?

• SUB-TOPIC II:

India in World Affairs

• Because of her vast size, manpower, and rich natural resources, India plays a:

- PROMINENT ROLE in world affairs.- Pursued a policy which is pro-western neither

pro- communist

• Maintains friendly relations with other both democratic and communist countries.

• Accepts loans and aids from Soviet Russia and refused to take the side in the cold war

• Sided with Egypt against England and France in the “ Suez Canal Crisis 1956”

• The same year she joined england and France in denouncing Russia’s brutal suppression in the Hungarian revolt

• Friendly relations with Red China and assailed the conquest of Tibet by the Red chinese horders.

• Active member in the U.N

• Exerts effort on Peace and freedom among nations.

• The first woman to became the General President of the Assembly of the u. n. was Madame Vijaya Lashmi Pandit,

• Talented Indian diplomat• Presided over 8 session of the assembly

in 1953.

-aside from those facts:India is a champion on Asian rights and

Freedom.-resents racial discrimination and western

imperialism in Asia.

• In 1947 , Prime Minister Nehru convened the First Asian Relation Conference in New Delhi.

• Discuss in Asia in world affairs.• Another conference in 1949 to support

Indonesia fight gain Independence against Holland.

• Took active part in Bandung conference of 1955

• Fosters closer relation between Asian and African Nations.

• Condemned colonialism

• Declared equality among races.• Recovered the following places from France in

1952-54• PONDICHERRY• KIRKAL• MAHE• CHANDERGADOR• YANAON• December 1961• Diu from Portugal

•THE END• THANK YOU

•God Bless You Always!