emergency guidelines for schools 2_2007

8/2/2019 Emergency Guidelines for Schools 2_2007

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ODH 3610.13 (Rev.2/07)

Guidelinesfor helping an

ill or injuredstudent when

the schoolnurse is notavailable.

LIST OF CONTENTS

AEDsAllergic ReactionAsthma &

Difficulty BreathingBehavioral

Emergencies

BitesBleedingBlistersBruisesBurnsCPR (Infant, Child

& Adult)ChokingChild AbuseCommunicable

DiseasesCuts, Scratches

& ScrapesDiabetesDiarrhea

Stabs/GunshotsStingsStomachaches &

PainTeeth ProblemsTicksTetanusUnconsciousnessVomiting

Also Includes:Emergency Plans

& ProceduresCalling EMSSafety Planning Infection ControlSpecial NeedsRecommended

First Aid SuppliesEmergency Phone

Numbers

EMERGENCYGUIDELINES

FOR SCHOOLS3RD EDITION

Ear ProblemsElectric ShockEye ProblemsFaintingFeverFractures & Sprains

FrostbiteHeadacheHead InjuriesHeat EmergenciesHypothermiaMenstrual DifficultiesMouth & Jaw InjuriesNose ProblemsPoisoning & OverdosePregnancyPuncture WoundsRashesSeizuresShockSplinters


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Ohio Department of Health

School and Adolescent HealthSchool Nursing Program

Project Staff

Angela Norton, MA; Program AdministratorDorothy Bystrom, RN, M.Ed.; School Nursing Program SupervisorDiana McMahon, RN, MSN; School Nurse Consultant Emergency PreparednessAnn Connelly, RN, MSN; School Nurse Consultant

Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to the following individuals for their outstanding contributions to thedevelopment and preparation of the Emergency Guidelines for Schools(EGS):

William Cotton, MD; Columbus Childrens HospitalPresident; Ohio Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics

Wendy J. Pomerantz, MD, MS; Cincinnati Childrens HospitalOhio EMSC Grant Principal InvestigatorAmerican Academy of Pediatrics Representative to the State Board of EMS

Christy Beeghly, MPH; Consultant

We would also like to acknowledge the following for their contributions to the EGS development:

Staff at the Ohio Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency Medical Services, EMS forChildren (EMSC) Program

Members of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Ohio Chapter, Committee on PediatricEmergency Medicine and the Ohio EMSC Committee

School nurses and other school personnel who took time to provide feedback on their use of theEGS so they could be improved for future users

The EMSC National Resource Center and other state EMSC programs that adopted the EGS andprovided feedback

Original Project Staff - Ohio Department of Public Safety, Division of EMS

Christy Beeghly, MPH; Ohio EMSC Coordinator, 1997-2003

Alan Boster; Ohio EMSC Coordinator, 1997-2003

Original funding for this project included the Emergency Medical Services for Children Program, Health Resources and ServicesAdministration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Funding for thecurrent edition was provided by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Maternal and Child Health Bureau Grant #B04MC07800-01-00 and by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Bioterrorism Grant # U901CCU516983.

EMERGENCY GUIDELINES FOR SCHOOLS3RD EDITION, 2007


3/128Emer gency Guidelines for Schools, 3rd edition

The Ohio Department of Health, School and Adolescent Health, in collaboration with theOhio Department of Public Safetys (ODPS), Emergency Medical Services for Children(EMSC) program, and the Emergency Care Committee of the Ohio Chapter, AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics (AAP) have produced this third edition of the Emergency Guidelines

for Schools(EGS). The initial EGS were field tested in seven school districts throughoutOhio in 1997 and revised based on school feedback. In March 2000, the EGS won theNational EMSC Programs Innovation in Product Development Award. This award is givento recognize a unique product designed to advance emergency medical services for children.To date, more than 35,000 copies of the EGS have been distributed in Ohio and thousandsmore throughout the United States, as they have been adapted for use in other states. TheEGS were evaluated in spring 2000, and a second edition incorporated recommendations ofschool nurses and secretaries who used the book in their schools and completed theevaluation. This third edition is the result of careful review of content and changes in bestpractice recommendations for providing emergency care to students in Ohio schools.

Please take some time to familiarize yourself with the format and review the How to Use theGuidelines section prior to an emergency situation. The emergency guidelines are meant toserve as basic what-to-do-in-an-emergency information for school staff without nursing ormedical training when the school nurse is not available. It is strongly recommended thatstaff who are in a position to provide first aid to students complete an approved firstaid and CPR course. In order to perform CPR safely and effectively, skills should bepracticed in the presence of a trained instructor.

The EGS have been created as recommended procedures. It is not the intent of the EGSto supersede or make invalid any laws or rules established by a school system, a school

board or the State of Ohio. Please consult your school nurse if you have questions aboutany of the recommendations. The document is three-hole punched so you may place it in abinder and add specific instructions for your school as needed. In a true emergencysituation, use your best judgment.

Ohio law contains protections that may provide immunity for school staff from personal civilliability in certain circumstances. Chapters 2744 and 2305.23 (2305.23, 2305.231,2305.235) of the Ohio Revised Code (ORC) describe some of these protections in detail.For example, ORC Chapter 2744 provides that employees of a political subdivision (definedin ORC 2744.01) cannot be held personally liable if the employee was acting both in goodfaith and not manifestly outside the scope of employment or official responsibilities. Other

related ORC references are cited throughout the EGS where appropriate.

Additional copies of the EGS can be downloaded and printed from:

The Ohio Department of Public Safety, Division of EMS at http://www.ems.ohio.gov -select EMS for Children (EMSC), or

The Ohio Department of Health at http://www.odh.ohio.gov - select Programs, thenSchool Nursing, or

The Ohio Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics at http://www.ohioaap.org.

ABOUT THE GUIDELINES



In an emergency, refer first to the guideline for treating the most severesymptom (e.g., unconsciousness, bleeding, etc.).

Learn when EMS (Emergency Medical Services) should be contacted. Copythe When to Call EMS page and post in key locations.

The back outside cover of the booklet contains important information about keyemergency numbers in your area. It is important to complete this informationas soon as you receive the booklet as you will need to have this informationready in an emergency situation.

The guidelines are arranged with tabs in alphabetical order for quick access.

A colored flow chart format isused to guide you easilythrough all steps andsymptoms from beginning toending. See the Key toShapes and Colors.

Take some time to familiarize

yourself with the EmergencyProcedures forInjury orIllness. These proceduresgive a general overview of therecommended steps in anemergency situation and thesafeguards that should betaken.

In addition, information hasbeen provided aboutInfection Control, Planningfor Students with SpecialNeeds, Injury Reporting,School Safety Planning andEmergency Preparedness.

HOW TO USE THE EMERGENCY GUIDELINES

KEY TO SHAPES & COLORS

START Start here.

Provides first-aid instructions.

FIRST AID

START &

QUESTION

OR

QUESTION

STOP

NOTE

Asks a question. You will have

a decision to make based on the student's

condition.

Stop here. This is the final instruction.

A note to provide background information.

This type of box should be read before

emergencies occur.



Call EMS if:

The child is unconscious, semi-conscious or unusually confused.

The childs airway is blocked.

The child is not breathing.

The child is having difficulty breathing, shortness ofbreath or is choking.

The child has no pulse.

The child has bleeding that wont stop.

The child is coughing up or vomiting blood.

The child has been poisoned.

The child has a seizure for the first time or a seizure that lasts more than fiveminutes.

The child has injuries to the neck or back.

The child has sudden, severe pain anywhere in the body.

The childs condition is limb-threatening (for example, severe eye injuries,amputations or other injuries that may leave the child permanently disabledunless he/she receives immediate care).

The childs condition could worsen or become life-threatening on the way tothe hospital.

Moving the child could cause further injury.

The child needs the skills or equipment of paramedics or emergency medicaltechnicians.

Distance or traffic conditions would cause a delay in getting the child to thehospital.

If any of the above conditions exist, or if you are not sure, it is best to callEMS 9-1-1.

WHEN TO CALL EMERGENCYMEDICAL SERVICES (EMS) 9-1-1



1. Remain calm and assess the situation. Be sure the situation is safe for you to approach.The following dangers will require caution: live electrical wires, gas leaks, building damage,

fire or smoke, traffic or violence.

2. A responsible adult should stay at the scene and give help until the person designated tohandle emergencies arrives.

3. Send word to the person designated to handle emergencies. This person will take charge ofthe emergency and render any further first aid needed.

4. Do NOT give medications unless there has been prior approval by the students parent orlegal guardian and doctor according to local school board policy.

5. Do NOT move a severely injured or ill student unless absolutely necessary for immediatesafety. If moving is necessary, follow guidelines in NECK AND BACK PAIN section.

6. The responsible school authority or a designated employee should notify the parent/legalguardian of the emergency as soon as possible to determine the appropriate course ofaction.

7. If the parent/legal guardian cannot be reached, notify an emergency contact or theparent/legal guardian substitute and call either the physician or the designated hospital onthe Emergency Medical Authorization form, so they will know to expect the ill or injuredstudent. Arrange for transportation of the student by Emergency Medical Services (EMS), ifnecessary.

8. A responsible individual should stay with the injured student.

9. Fill out a report for all injuries requiring above procedures as required by local school policy.The Ohio Department of Health has created a Student Injury Report Formthat may bephotocopied and used as needed. A copy of the form with instructions follows.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURESFOR INJURY OR ILLNESS

POST-CRISIS INTERVENTION FOLLOWING SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH

Discuss with counseling staff or critical incident stress management team.

Determine level of intervention for staff and students.

Designate private rooms for private counseling/defusing.

Escort affected students, siblings and close friends and other highly stressedindividuals to counselors/critical incident stress management team.

Assess stress level of staff. Recommend counseling to all staff.

Follow-up with students and staff who receive counseling.

Designate staff person(s) to attend funeral.

Allow for changes in normal routines or schedules to address injury or death.



The Ohio Department of Health (ODH) provides the following Student Injury Report Form andguidelines as an example for districts to use in tracking the occurrence of school-related injuries.ODH suggests completing the form when an injury leads to any of the following:

1. The student misses day or more of school.

2. The student seeks medical attention (health care provider office, urgent carecenter, emergency department).

3. EMS 9-1-1 is called.

Schools are encouraged to review and use the information collected on the injury report form toinfluence local policies and procedures as needed to remedy hazards.

INSTRUCTIONS

Student, parent and school information: self-explanatory.

Check the box to indicate the location and time the incident occurred.

Check the box to indicate if equipment was involved; describe involved equipment.Indicate what type of surface was present where the injury occurred.

Using the grid, check the body area(s) where the student was injured and indicate what

type of injury occurred. Include all body areas and injuries that apply.

Check the appropriate box(es) for factors that may have contributed to the students injury.

Provide a detailed description of the incident. Indicate any witnesses to the event and anystaff members who were present. Attach another sheet if more room is needed.

Incident response: include all areas that apply.

Provide any further commentsabout this incident, including any suggestions for what mightprevent this type of incident in the future.

Sign the completed form.

Route the form to the school nurse and the principal for review/signature. Original form and copies should be filed according to district policy.

A printer-friendly version of the form is available on the ODH website: http://www.odh.ohio.gov- select Programs, then School Nursing.

Ohio Department of Health

STUDENT INJURY REPORT FORMGUIDELINES


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Ohio Department of HealthSTUDENT INJURY REPORT FORM

Student InformationName______________________________________________ Date of Incident _________________________Date of Birth ________________________________________ Time of Incident _________________________Grade______________________________________________ Male Female

Parent/Guardian InformationName(s) _________________________________________________________________________________________Address __________________________________________________________________________________________Phone # Work __________________________ Home ____________________________________

School InformationSchool __________________________________________ Phone # _____________________________________Principal__________________________________________District __________________________________________ Phone # _____________________________________

Location of Incident (check appropriate box): Athletic Field Playground Cafeteria No equipment involved Classroom Equipment involved (describe) _________________________ Gymnasium __________________________________________________ Hallway Bus Parking Lot Stairway Vocation/Shop Lab Restroom Other (explain):___________________________________________

When Did the Incident Occur (check appropriate box): Recess Athletic Practice/Session: Field Trip

Lunch Athletic Team Competition Unknown

P.E. Class Intramural Competition Other _________________

In Class (not P.E.) Before School Class Change After School

Surface (check all that apply):

Asphalt

Dirt

Lawn/Grass

Wood Chips/Mulch

Gymnasium Floor Carpet Gravel Mat(s) Tile Other (specify) ________ Concrete Ice/Snow Sand Synthetic Surface

Type of Injury (check all that apply):

Head

Eye

Ear

Nose

Mouth/Lips

Tooth/Teeth

Jaw

Chin

Neck/Throat

Collarbone

Shoulder

UpperArm

Elbow

Forearm

Wrist

Hand

Finger

Fingernail

Chest/Ribs

Back

Abdomen

Groin

Genitals

Pelvis/Hip

Leg

Knee

Ankle

Foot

Abrasion/

Scrape

BiteBump/Swelling

Bruise

Burn/Scald

Cut/Laceration

Dislocation

Fracture

Pain/

Tenderness

Puncture

Sprain

Other


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Emergency Guidelin es for Schools, 3rd edition

Contributing Factors (check all that apply):

Animal Bite Overextension/Twisted Contact with Hot or Toxic Substance Collision with Object Foreign Body/Object Drug, Alcohol or Other Substance Involved Collision with Person Hit with Thrown Object Weapon Compression/Pinch Tripped/Slipped Specify__________________________ Fall Struck by Object (bat, swing, etc.) Unknown Fighting Struck by Auto, Bike, etc. Other _____________________________

Description of the Incident:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Witnesses to the Incident: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Staff involved: Teacher Nurse Principal Assistant Staff Custodian Bus Driver Secretary Cafeteria Other (specify)___________________________________________

Incident Response (check all that apply): First Aid

Time____________ By Whom_________________________________________

Parent/Guardian NotifiedTime____________ By Whom_________________________________________ Unable to Contact Parent/Guardian

Time____________ By Whom_________________________________________ Parents Deemed No Medical Action Necessary Returned to Class Sent/Taken Home

Days of School Missed ________________ Assessment/Follow-up by School Nurse

Action Taken __________________________________________________________________

Called 9-1-1 Taken to Health Care Provider/Clinic/Hospital/Urgent Care

Diagnosis_____________________________________________________________________

Days of School Missed________________ Hospitalized

Diagnosis_____________________________________________________________________Days of School Missed ________________

Restricted School ActivityExplain_______________________________________________________________________Length of Time Restricted ______________Days of School Missed ________________

Other___________________________________________________________________________________

Describe care provided to the student: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Additional Comments:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Signature of Staff Member Completing Form________________________________ Date/time_________________Nurses Signature______________________________________________________ Date/time _________________Principals Signature ___________________________________________________ Date/time _________________HEA #4200 12/06


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Emergency Guidelin es for Schools, 3rd edition


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Some students in your school may have special emergency care needs due to health conditions, physicalabilities or communication challenges. Include caring for these students special needs in emergency anddisaster planning.

HEALTH CONDITIONS:

PHYSICAL ABILITIES:

COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES:

Other students in your school may have sensory impairments or have difficulty understanding specialinstructions during an emergency. For example, students who have:

Vision impairments Hearing impairments Processing disorders Limited English proficiency Behavior or developmental disorders Emotional or mental health issues

These students may need special communication considerations in the event of a school-wideemergency. All staff should be aware of plans to communicate information to these students.

Some students may have special conditions that put them at risk for life-threatening emergencies: Seizures Diabetes Asthma or other breathing difficulties Life-threatening or severe allergic reactions Technology-dependent or medically fragile conditions

Your school nurse or other school health professional, along with the students parent or legal guardianand physician should develop individual emergency care plans for these students when they are enrolled.

These emergency care plans should be made available to appropriate staff at all times.

In the event of an emergency situation, refer to the students emergency care plan.

The American College of Emergency Physicians and the American Academy of Pediatrics have created anEmergency Information Form for Children (EIF) with Special Needs, that is included on the next pages. It canalso be downloaded from http://www.aap.org. This form provides standardized information that can be used toprepare the caregivers and health care

system for emergencies of children with special health care needs.

The

EIF will ensure a childs complicated medical history is concisely summarized and available when needed most -when the child has an emergency health problem when neither parent nor physician is immediately available.

Other students in your school may have special emergency needs due to their physical abilities. Forexample, students who are:

In wheelchairs Temporarily on crutches/walking casts Unable or have difficulty walking up or down stairs

These students will need special arrangements in the event of a school-wide emergency (e.g., fire,tornado, evacuation, etc.). A plan should be developed and a responsible person should be designated toassist these students to safety. All staff should be aware of this plan.

PLANNING FOR STUDENTSWITH SPECIAL NEEDS


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Emergency Information Form for Children With Special Needs

Date formcompleted

Revised Initials

By Whom Revised Initials

Name: Birth date: Nickname:

Home Address: Home/Work Phone:

Parent/Guardian: Emergency Contact Names & Relationship:

Signature/Consent*:

Primary Language: Phone Number(s):

Physicians:

Primary care physician: Emergency Phone:

Fax:

Current Specialty physician: Emergency Phone:

Specialty: Fax:

Current Specialty physician: Emergency Phone:

Specialty: Fax:

Anticipated Primary ED: Pharmacy:

Anticipated Tertiary Care Center:

Diagnoses/Past Procedures/Physical Exam:1. Baseline physical f indings:

2.

3. Baseline vital signs:

4.

Synopsis:

Baseline neurological status:

*Consent for release of this form to health care providers


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Management Data:

Allergies: Medications/Foods to beavoided

and why:

1.

2.

3.

Procedures to be avoided and why:

1.

2.

3.

Immunizations (mm/yy)

Dates Dates

DPT Hep B

OPV Varicella

MMR TB status

HIB Other

Antibiotic prophylaxis: Indication: Medication and dose:

Common Presenting Problems/Findings With Specific Suggested Managements

Problem Suggested Diagnostic Studies Treatment Considerations

Comments on child, family, or other specific medical issues:

Physician/Provider Signature: Print Name:

American College of Emergency Physicians and American Academy of Pediatrics. Permission to reprint granted with acknowledgement.

Diagnoses/Past Procedures/Physical Exam continued:Medications: Signif icant baseline ancillary findings (lab, x-ray, ECG):

1.

2.

3.

4. Prostheses/Appliances/Advanced Technology Devices:

5.

6.


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Emer gency Guidelines for Schools, 3rd edition

To reduce the spread of infectious diseases (diseases that can be spread from

one person to another), it is important to follow universal precautions. Universalprecautions are a set of guidelines that assume all blood and certain other bodyfluids are potentially infectious. It is important to follow universal precautionswhen providing care to anystudent, whether or not the student is known to beinfectious. The following list describes universal precautions:

Wash hands thoroughly with running water and soap for at least 15 seconds:

1. Before and after physical contact with any student (even if gloves have been worn).2. Before and after eating or handling food.3. After cleaning.

4. After using the restroom.5. After providing any first aid.

Be sure to scrub between fingers, under fingernails and around the tops andpalms of hands. If soap and water are not available, an alcohol-based waterlesshand sanitizer may be used according to manufacturers instructions.

Wear disposable gloves when in contact with blood and other body fluids.

Wear protective eyewear when body fluids may come in contact with eyes (e.g.,squirting blood).

Wipe up any blood or body fluid spills as soon as possible (wear disposablegloves). Double bag the trash in plastic bags and dispose of immediately. Cleanthe area with an appropriate cleaning solution.

Send soiled clothing (i.e., clothing with blood, stool or vomit) home with thestudent in a double-bagged plastic bag.

Do not touch your mouth or eyes while giving any first aid.

INFECTION CONTROL

GUIDELINES FOR STUDENTS: Remind students to wash hands thoroughly after coming in contact withtheir own blood or body fluids.

Remind students to avoid contact with another persons blood or bodyfluids.


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Emer gency Guidelines for Schools, 3rd edition


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AEDs are devices that help to restore a normal heart rhythm by delivering an electric shock to the heartafter detecting a life-threatening irregular rhythm. AEDs are not substitutes for CPR, but are designed toincrease the effectiveness of basic life support when integrated into the CPR cycle.

AEDs are safe to use for children as young as age 1, according to the American Heart Association(AHA).* Some AEDs are capable of delivering a child energy dose through smaller child pads. Use child

pads/child system for children 1-8 years if available. If child system is not available, use adult AED andpads. Do not use the child pads or energy doses for adults in cardiac arrest. If your school has an AED,obtain training in its use before an emergency occurs, and follow any local school policies andmanufacturers instructions. The location of AEDs should be known to all school personnel.

American Heart Association Guidelines for AED/CPR Integration*

For a sudden, witnessed collapse in a child, use the AED first. Prepare AED to check heart rhythm anddeliver 1 shock as necessary. Then, immediately begin 30 CPR chest compressions followed by 2normal rescue breaths. Complete 5 cycles of CPR (30 compressions to 2 breaths). Then promptanother AED assessment and shock. Continue with cycles of 2 minutes CPR to 1 AED rhythm check.

For unwitnessed cardiac arrest, start CPR first. Continue for 5 cycles or about 2 minutes. Then preparethe AED to check the heart rhythm and deliver a shock as needed. Continue with cycles of 2 minutesCPR to 1 AED rhythm check.

*Currents in Emergency Cardiovascular Care, American Heart Association, Winter 2005-2006.

Ohio Revised Code (ORC) References Related to AEDs

ORC 2305.235 provides immunity as to AED use.

Except in the case of willful or wanton misconduct,

No physician shall be held liable in civil damages for injury, death, or loss to person or property forproviding a prescription for an AED approved for use as a medical device by the United States Foodand Drug Administration or consulting with a person regarding the use and maintenance of adefibrillator.

No person shall be held liable in civil damages for injury, death, or loss to person or property forproviding training in AE defibrillation and CPR.

Or when there is no good faith attempt to activate an EMS system in accordance with ORC section3701.85, no person shall be held liable in civil damages for injury, death, or loss to person orproperty, or held criminally liable, for performing AE defibrillation in good faith, regardless of whetherthe person has obtained appropriate training on how to perform AE defibrillation or successfullycompleted a course in CPR.

ORC 3701.85. Duties of possessor of AED; authorized use.

A person who possesses an AED shall do all of the following:1. Require expected users to complete successfully a course in automated external defibrillation

and CPR that is offered or approved by the AHA or another nationally recognized organization.2. Maintain and test the defibrillator according to the manufacturer's guidelines.3. Consult with a physician regarding compliance with the requirements of (1) and (2) of this

section.

A person who possesses an AED may notify an EMS organization of the location of the defibrillator.

A person who has obtained appropriate training on how to perform AE defibrillation and hassuccessfully completed a course in CPR may perform automated external defibrillation, regardlessof whether the person is a physician, registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, or EMS provider.When AE defibrillation is not performed as part of an EMS system or at a hospital as defined insection 3727.01 of the ORC, the EMS system shall be activated as soon as possible.

AUTOMATIC ELECTRONIC DEFIBRILLATOR AEDS


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AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS (AEDS)FOR CHILDREN OVER 1 YEAR OF AGE & ADULTS

CPR and AEDs are to be used when a person is unresponsive or when breathing or heart beatstops.

If your school has an AED, this guideline will refresh information provided in training courses as toincorporating AED use into CPR cycles.

1. Tap or gently shake the shoulder. Shout, Are you OK? If person is unresponsive, shout for helpand send someone to CALLEMS and get your schools AED if available.

2. Follow primary steps for CPR (see CPRfor appropriate age group infant, 1-8 years, over 8years and adults).

3. If available, set up the AED according to the manufacturers instructions. Turn on the AED andfollow the verbal instructions provided. Incorporate AED into CPR cycles according to instructionsand training method.

.

IF CARDIAC ARREST OR COLLAPSE WASWITNESSED:

4. Use the AED first.

5. Prepare AED to check heart rhythmand deliver 1 shock as necessary.

6. Begin 30 CPR chest compressionsfollowed by 2 normal rescuebreaths. See age-appropriate CPR

guideline.

7. Complete 5 cycles of CPR (30chest compressions to 2 breaths ata rate of 100 compressions perminute).

8. Prompt another AED rhythm check.

9. Rhythm checks should be performed after every 2minutes (about 5 cycles) of CPR.

10. REPEAT CYCLES OF 2 MINUTES OF CPR TO 1

AED RHYTHM CHECK UNTIL VICTIMRESPONDS OR HELP ARRIVES.

IF CARDIAC ARREST OR COLLAPSE WAS NOTWITNESSED:

4. Start CPR first. See age appropriateCPR guideline. Continue for 5 cycles orabout 2 minutes of 30 chestcompressions to 2 breaths at a rate of100 compressions per minute.

5. Prepare the AED to check the heart

rhythm and deliver a shock as needed.

6. REPEAT CYCLES OF 2 MINUTES OFCPR TO 1 AED RHYTHM CHECKUNTIL VICTIM RESPONDS OR HELPARRIVES.


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Emer gency Guidelin es for Schools, 3rd edit ion

ALLERGIC REACTIONStudents with life-

threatening allergiesshould be known to

appropriate school staff.

An emergency careplan should bedeveloped. Staff in aposition to administerapproved medications

should receiveinstruction.

Children may experience a

delayed allergic reaction upto 2 hoursfollowing foodingestion, bee sting, etc.

Does the student have any symptoms of asevere allergic reaction which may include:

.

Flushed face?Dizziness?Seizures?

Confusion?Weakness?Paleness?

Check student's airway.Look, listen and feel for breathing.If student stops breathing, startCPR. See "CPR."

Symptoms of a mild allergicreaction include:

Red, watery eyes.Itchy, sneezing, runny nose.

Hives or rash on one area.

Adult(s) supervising studentduring normal activities should

be aware of the student'sexposure and should watch for

any delayed symptoms of asevere allergic reaction (see

above) for up to 2 hours.

If student is souncomfortable thathe/she is unable to

participate in schoolactivities, contact

responsible schoolauthority & parentor legal guardian.

CALL EMS 9-1-1.

Contact responsibleschool authority &

parent or legalguardian.

Follow school policiesfor students with

severe allergic reactions.Continue CPR if needed.

Does student have an emergencycare plan available?

Refer to student's plan.

Administer doctor-andparent/guardian-approvedmedication as indicated.

NO

YESNO

YES

Hives all over body?Blueness around mouth, eyes?

Difficulty breathing?Drooling or difficulty swallowing?Loss of consciousness?


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CALL

EMS 9-1-1.

CALL EMS 9-1-1.

ASTHMA - WHEEZING - DIFFICULTY BREATHING

Students with ahistory of breathing

difficulties includingasthma/wheezing

should be known toappropriate school staff.

A care plan which includesan emergency action plan

should be developed. ORC3313.716 allows students to

possess and use an asthmainhaler in the school. Staff

must try to remain calmdespite the student's anxiety.

Staff in a position toadminister approvedmedications

should receive

instruction.

A student with asthma/wheezing may have breathing

difficulties which may include:Uncontrollable coughing.Wheezing - a high-pitched sound during breathing out.

Rapid breathing.Flaring (widening) of nostrils.Feeling of tightness in the chest.Not able to speak in full sentences.Increased use of stomach and chest muscles duringbreathing.

Refer to student's

emergency care plan.

Administermedication as

directed.

Remain calm. Encourage the student to sitquietly, breathe slowly and deeply in through the

nose and out through the mouth.

Did breathing difficulty develop rapidly?

Are the lips, tongue or nail beds turning blue?

Contactresponsible

school authority& parent/legal

guardian.

Does student have doctor-and parent/guardian-approved medication?

Are symptoms not improvingor getting worse?

Has an inhaler already beenused? If yes, when and how often?

YES

NO

YES

YES

YES

NONO

NO


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BEHAVIORAL EMERGENCIES

.

Behavioral or psychological emergencies may take many forms

(e.g., depression, anxiety/panic, phobias, destructive orassaultive behavior, talk of suicide, etc.).Intervene only if the situation is safe for you.

Students with a historyof behavioral problems,emotional problems or

other special needsshould be known toappropriate school

staff. An emergencycare plan should be

developed.

CALL THE

POLICE.

See appropriate guideline toprovide first aid.

.

CALL EMS 9-1-1 if any injuriesrequire immediate care.

Does student's behavior present an immediaterisk of physical harm to persons or property?Is student armed with a weapon?

The cause of unusual behavior may be psychological, emotionalor physical (e.g., fever, diabetic emergency, poisoning/overdose,

alcohol/drug abuse, head injury, etc.). The student should be seenby a health care provider to determine the cause.

Suicidal and violent behavior should be taken seriously..

If the student has threatened to harm him/herself or others,contact the responsible school authority immediately.

Contactresponsible

school authority &parent/legalguardian.

Does studenthave visible

injuries?

YES

NO

YES

NO

Refer to your school's policy for addressing

behavioral emergencies.


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BITES (HUMAN & ANIMAL)

Wash the bite area with

soap and water.

Wear disposable gloveswhen exposed to blood

or other body fluids.

Is studentbleeding?

Hold under runningwater for 2-3 minutes.

Check student's immunization

record for tetanus. See

"Tetanus Immunization."

Press firmly witha clean dressing.

See "Bleeding."

Is bite froman animalor human?

If skin is broken, contactresponsible school authority

& parent/legal guardian..

URGE IMMEDIATEMEDICAL CARE.

Parents/legalguardians of the student

who was bittenandthe studentwho was biting should be

notifiedthat their student mayhave been exposed to blood

from another student. Individualconfidentiality must be

maintained whensharing information.

If bite is from a snake, hold thebitten area still and below the

level of the heart.CALL POISON CONTROL

1-800-222-1222Follow their directions.

Is bite large or gaping?Is bleeding uncontrollable?

Bites from the followinganimals can carry rabiesand may need medicalattention:

Dog.Opossum.Raccoon.Coyote.

Bat.Skunk.Fox.Cat.

CALL EMS

9-1-1.


parent/legal guardian.

Report bite to

proper authorities,usually the local health

department, so theanimal can be caught

and watchedfor rabies.

NO

YES

NO

HUMAN

ANIMAL

YES


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31/128


BLEEDINGCheck student's

immunization record

for tetanus. See

"Tetanus Immunization."Wear disposable gloves when

exposed to blood or other body fluids.

Is injured partamputated (severed)?

CALL EMS 9-1-1.

Place detached part in a plastic bag.Tie bag.Put bag in a container of ice water.Do NOTput amputated part directly

on ice..

Send bag to the hospital with student.

Press firmly with a clean bandage

to stop bleeding.Elevate bleeding body part gently.If fracture is suspected, gentlysupport part and elevate.Bandage wound firmlywithout interfering with circulationto the body part. .Do NOTuse a tourniquet.

Is there continueduncontrollable bleeding?

If wound is gaping,student may needstitches. Contact

responsible school

authority & parentor legal guardian.

.

URGE MEDICAL

CARE.

Contactresponsible

school authority& parent or legal

guardian.

Have student lie down.Elevate student's feet 8-10 inches unlessthis causes the student pain or discomfort

ora neck/back injury is suspected.Keep student's body temperature normal.

Cover student with a blanket or sheet.

CALLEMS 9-1-1.

NO YES

NO

YES


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33/128


most recent draft EGS 122006.igx

BLISTERS(FROM FRICTION)

Wear disposable gloves whenexposed to blood and other body fluids.

Wash the area gentlywith water. Use soap if

necessary to remove dirt.

Is blister broken?

Do NOTbreak blister..

Blisters heal best whenkept clean and dry.

If infection issuspected, contactresponsible school

authority &parent or legalguardian.

Apply clean dressingand bandage to prevent

further rubbing.

NOYES


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35/128


BRUISES

If student comes toschool with unexplained,

unusual or frequentbruising, consider thepossibility of child abuse.

See "Child Abuse. "

Is bruise deep in the muscle?Is there rapid swelling?Is student in great pain?

Rest injured part.

Apply cold compress or icebag, covered with a cloth orpaper towel, for 20 minutes.

If skin is broken,treat as a cut. See

"Cuts, Scratches& Scrapes."

Contact responsibleschool authority & parent

or legal guardian.

YES

NO


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If student comes toschool with patternburns (e.g., iron orcigarette shape) orglove-like burns,

consider the possibilityof child abuse. See

"Child Abuse."

BURNS

Always make sure thesituation is safe for you

before helping the student.

What type of burn is it?

Is student unconsciousor unresponsive?

Flush the burn withlarge amounts of cool

running water or cover itwith a clean, cool, wet cloth.

Do NOTuse ice.

Wear gloves and ifpossible, goggles.Remove student's clothing

and jewelry if exposed tochemical.Rinse chemicals off skin,eyes IMMEDIATELY with

large amounts of water.

See "Eyes"if necessary.Rinse for 20-30 minutes.

CALL POISON CONTROL.

1-800-222-1222.

while flushing burn and

follow instructions.

Is burn large or deep?Is burn on face or eye?Is student having difficultybreathing?

Is student unconscious?Are there other injuries?

CALL EMS 9-1-1.

Cover/wrap burnedpart loosely with a

clean dressing.

Check student's immunizationrecord for tetanus.

See "Tetanus Immunization."

Contactresponsible

school authority &parent or legal

guardian.

ELECTRICAL

NO

CHEMICAL

YES

HEAT

YES

NO

See "Electric Shock."


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The American Heart Association (AHA) issued new CPR guidelines for laypersons in 2005.* Otherorganizations such as the American Red Cross also offer CPR training classes. If the guidance in this bookdiffers from the instructions you were taught, follow the methods you learned in your training class. In orderto perform CPR safely and effectively, skills should be practiced in the presence of a trained instructor. It is arecommendation of these guidelines that anyone in a position to care for students should be properly trained

in CPR.

Current first aid, choking and CPR manuals and wall chart(s) should also be available. The AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics offers the Pediatric First Aid for Caregivers and Teachers (PedFACTS) ResourceManual and 3-in-1 First Aid, Choking, CPR Chart for sale at http://www.aap.org.

CHEST COMPRESSIONS

The AHA is placing more emphasis on the use of effective chest compressions in CPR. CPR chestcompressions produce blood flow from the heart to the vital organs. To give effective compressions,rescuers should:

Follow revised guidelines for hand use and placement based on age.

Use a compression to breathing ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

Push hard and push fast. Compress chest at a rate of about 100 compressions per minute for allvictims.

Compress about 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest for infants and children, and 1 to 2 inches foradults.

Allow the chest to return to its normal position between each compression.

Use approximately equal compression and relaxation times.

Try to limit interruptions in chest compressions.

BARRIER DEVICES

Barrier devices, to prevent the spread of infections from one person toanother, can be used when performing rescue breathing. Several differenttypes (e.g., face shields, pocket masks) exist. It is important to learn andpractice using these devices in the presence of a trained CPR instructorbefore attempting to use them in an emergency situation. Rescue breathingtechnique may be affected by these devices.

CHOKING RESCUE - CHANGE IN OHIO REVISED CODE (ORC)

ORC 3313.815. Employee trained in Heimlich maneuver to be present while students served food.

Any school district or nonpublic school that operates a food service program pursuant to section3313.81 or 3313.813 [3313.81.3] of the ORC shall require at least one employee who has receivedinstruction in methods to prevent choking and has demonstrated an ability to perform the Heimlichmaneuver to be present while students are being served food.

Any nonpublic school or employee of a nonpublic school is not liable in damages in a civil action forinjury, death, or loss to person or property allegedly caused by an act or omission of the nonpublicschool or an employee of the nonpublic school in connection with performance of the duties requiredunder division (A) of this section unless such act or omission was with malicious purpose, in badfaith, or in a wanton or reckless manner.

*Currents in Emergency Cardiovascular Care, American Heart Association, Winter 2005-2006.

NOTES ON PERFORMING CPR


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Emer gency Guidelin es for Schools, 3rd

edit ion

CPR is to be used when an infant is unresponsive or when breathing or heart beat stops.

1. Gently shake infant. If no response, shout for help and send someone to call EMS.

2. Turn the infant onto his/her back as a unit by supporting the head and neck.

3. Lift chin up and out with one hand while pushing down on the forehead with the other to open theAIRWAY.

4. Check for BREATHING. With your ear close to infants mouth, LOOK at the chest formovement, LISTEN for sounds of breathing and FEEL for breath on your cheek.

5. If infant is not breathing, take a normal breath. Seal your lips tightly around his/her mouth and nose. Whilekeeping the airway open, give 1 normal breath over 1 second and watch for chest to rise.

IF CHEST RISES WITH RESCUE BREATH (AIRGOES IN):

6. Find finger position near centerof breastbone just below thenipple line. (Make sure fingersare NOTover the very bottom ofthe breastbone.)

7. Compress chest hard and fast 30times with 2 or 3 fingers about1/3 to1/2 the depth of the infants chest.

Use equal compression andrelaxation times. Limitinterruptions in chestcompressions.

8. Give 2 normal breaths, eachlasting 1 second. Each breathshould make chest rise.

9. REPEAT CYCLES OF 3OCOMPRESSIONS TO 2 BREATHS AT ARATE OF 100 COMPRESSIONS PERMINUTE UNTIL INFANT STARTS

BREATHING EFFECTIVELY ON OWN ORHELP ARRIVES.

10. Call EMS after 2 minutes (5 cycles of 30compressions to 2 rescue breaths) if notalready called.

IF CHEST DOES NOT RISE WITH RESCUEBREATH (AIR DOES NOT GO IN):

6. Re-tilt head back. Try to give 2 breaths again.

IF CHEST RISES WITH RESCUE BREATH,FOLLOW LEFT COLUMN.

IF CHEST STILL DOES NOT RISE:

7. Find finger position near center of breastbonejust below the nipple line. (Make sure fingers

are not over the very bottom of thebreastbone.)

8. Using 2 or 3 fingers, give up to 5 chest thrustsnear center of breastbone. (Make surefingers are NOTover the very bottom of thebreastbone.)

9. Look in mouth. If foreign object isseen, remove it. Do not perform ablind finger sweep or lift the jaw ortongue.

10. REPEAT STEPS 6-9 UNTIL

BREATHS GO IN, INFANTSTARTS TO BREATHE ON OWNOR HELP ARRIVES.

Pictures reproduced with permission.

Textbook of Pediatric Basic Life Support, 1994

Copyright American Heart Association.

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)FOR INFANTS UNDER 1 YEAR


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*Hand positions for child CPR: 1 hand: Use heel of 1 hand only. 2 hands: Use heel of 1 hand with

second on top of first.

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)FOR CHILDREN 1 to 8 YEARS OF AGE

CPR is to be used when a student is unresponsive or when breathing or heart beat stops.

1. Tap or gently shake the shoulder. Shout, Are you OK? If child is unresponsive, shout forhelp and send someone to callEMS and get your schools AED if available.

2. Turn the child onto his/her back as a unit by supporting head and neck. If head or neck injuryis suspected, DO NOT BEND OR TURN NECK.

3. Lift chin up and out with one hand while pushing down on the forehead with the other to openthe AIRWAY.

4. Check for normal BREATHING. With your ear close to childs mouth, take 5-10 seconds toLOOK at the chest for movement, LISTEN for sounds of breathing and FEEL for breath on your cheek.

5. If you witnessed the childs collapse, first set up the AED and connect the pads according to the manufacturersinstructions. Incorporate use into CPR cycles according to instructions and training method. For anunwitnessed collapse, perform CPR for 2 minutes and then use AED.

6. If child is not breathing, take a normal breath. Seal your lips tightly around his/her mouth; pinch nose shut.While keeping airway open, give 1 breath over 1 second and watch for chest to rise.

IF CHEST RISES WITH RESCUE BREATH(AIR GOES IN):

7. Find hand position near centerof breastbone at the nippleline. (Do NOTplace your handover the very bottom of thebreastbone.)

8. Compress chest hard and fast30 times with the heel of 1 or 2hands.* Compress about 1/3 to 1/2 depth of childschest. Allow the chest to return to normal positionbetween each compression.

Lift fingers to avoid pressureon ribs. Use equalcompression and relaxationtimes. Limit interruptions inchest compressions.

9. Give 2 normal breaths, eachlasting 1 second. Each breath should make the

chest rise.

10. REPEAT CYCLES OF 30 COMPRESSIONS TO 2BREATHS AT A RATE OF 100 COMPRESSIONSPER MINUTE UNTIL CHILD STARTS BREATHINGON OWN OR HELP ARRIVES.

11. Call EMS after 2 minutes (5 cycles of 30compressions to 2 rescue breaths) if notalready called.

IF CHEST DOES NOT RISE WITH RESCUE BREATH(AIR DOES NOT GO IN):

7. Re-tilt head back. Try to give 2 breaths again.

IF CHEST RISES WITH RESCUE BREATH, FOLLOWLEFT COLUMN.


8. Find hand position near center of breastbone at thenipple line. (Do NOTplace your hand over the verybottom of the breastbone.)

9. Compress chest fast and hard 5 times with the heelof 1or 2hands.* Compress about1/3 to 1/2 depthof childs chest. Lift fingers toavoid pressure on ribs.

10. Look in mouth. If foreign objectis seen, remove it. Do NOTperform a blind finger sweep orlift the jaw or tongue.

11. REPEAT STEPS 6-9 UNTILBREATHS GO IN, CHILD STARTS TO BREATHEEFFECTIVELY ON OWN OR HELP ARRIVES.



Copyright American Heart Association


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CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)FOR CHILDREN OVER 8 YEARS OF AGE & ADULTS

CPR is to be used when a person is unresponsive or when breathing or heart beat stops.

1. Tap or gently shake the shoulder. Shout Are you OK? If person is unresponsive, shout for help and sendsomeone to call EMS AND get your schools AED if available.

2. Turn the person onto his/her back as a unit by supporting head and neck. If head or neckinjury is suspected, DO NOT BEND OR TURN NECK.

3. Lift chin up and out with one hand while pushing down on the forehead with the other toopen the AIRWAY.

4. Check for normal BREATHING. With your ear close to persons mouth, LOOK at the chestfor movement, LISTEN for sounds of breathing and FEEL for breath on your cheek.Gasping in adults should be treated as no breathing.

5. If you witnessed the collapse, first set up the AED and connect the pads according to the manufacturersinstructions. Incorporate use into CPR cycles according to instructions and training method. For anunwitnessed collapse, perform CPR for 2 minutes and then use AED.

6. If victim is not breathing, take a normal breath, seal your lips tightly around his/her mouth; pinch nose shut.While keeping airway open, give 1 breath over 1 second and watch for chest to rise.

IF CHEST RISES WITH RESCUE BREATH(AIR GOES IN):

7. Give a second rescue breath lasting 1 seconduntil chest rises.

8. Place heel of one hand ontop of the center of

breastbone. Place heel ofother hand on top of the first.Interlock fingers. (Do NOTplace your hands over thevery bottom of the breastbone.)

9. Position self vertically above victims chest andwith straight arms, compress chest hard and fastabout 1 to 2 inches 30 times in a row withboth hands. Allow the chest to return to normalposition between each compression. Lift fingerswhen compressing to avoid pressure on ribs. Limitinterruptions in chest compressions.

10. Give 2 normal breaths, each lasting 1 second.Each breath should make the chest rise.

11. REPEAT CYCLES OF 30 COMPRESSIONS TO2 BREATHS AT A RATE OF 100COMPRESSONS PER MINUTE UNTIL VICTIMRESPONDS OR HELP ARRIVES.

12. Call EMS after 2 minutes (5 cycles of 30compressions to 2 rescue breaths) if not alreadycalled.

IF CHEST DOES NOT RISE WITH RESCUEBREATH (AIR DOES NOT GO IN):

7. Re-tilt head back. Try to give 2breaths again.

IF CHEST RISES WITH RESCUEBREATH, FOLLOW LEFT COLUMN.


8. Place heel of one hand on top of the center ofbreastbone. Place heel of other hand on top of thefirst. Interlock fingers. (Do NOTplace your handsover the very bottom of the breastbone.)

9. Position self vertically above persons chest andwith straight arms, compress chest 30 times withboth hands about1 to 2 inches. Lift fingers toavoid pressure on ribs.

10. Look in the mouth. If foreign object is seen, removeit. Do not perform a blind finger sweep or lift the

jaw or tongue.

11. REPEAT STEPS 6-9 UNTIL BREATHS GO IN,PERSON STARTS TO BREATHE EFFECTIVELYON OWN OR HELP ARRIVES.





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CHOKING (Conscious Victims)

Call EMS 9-1-1 after starting rescue efforts.

INFANTS UNDER 1 YEAR

Begin the following if the infant is choking and is

unable to breathe. However, if the infant is coughingor crying, do NOTdo any of the following, but callEMS, try to calm the child and watch for worsening ofsymptoms. If cough becomes ineffective (loss ofsound), begin step 1 below.

1. Position the infant,with head slightlylower than chest,face down on yourarm and supportthe head (support

jaw; do NOTcompress throat).

2. Give up to 5 back slaps with the heel of handbetween infants shoulder blades.

3. If object is not coughedup, position infant face upon your forearm with headslightly lower than rest ofbody.

4. With 2 or 3 fingers, giveup to 5 chest thrusts near

center of breastbone, justbelow the nipple line.

5. Open mouth and look. Ifforeign object is seen,sweep it out with finger.

6. Tilt head back and lift chinup and out to open theairway. Try to give 2breaths.

7. REPEAT STEPS 1-6

UNTIL OBJECT IS COUGHED UP OR INFANTSTARTS TO BREATHE OR BECOMESUNCONSCIOUS.

8. Call EMS after 2 minutes (5 cycles of 30compressions to 2 rescue breaths) if not alreadycalled.

IF INFANT BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS, GO TOSTEP 6 OF INFANT CPR.

CHILDREN OVER 1 YEAR OF AGE & ADULTS

Begin the following if the victim is choking and unable

to breathe. Ask the victim: Are you choking? If thevictim nods yes or cant respond, help is needed.However, if the victim is coughing, crying or speaking,do NOTdo any of the following, but call EMS, try tocalm him/her and watch for worsening of symptoms. Ifcough becomes ineffective (loss of sound) and victimcannot speak, begin step 1 below.

1. Stand or kneel behind child with arms encirclingchild.

2. Place thumbside of fist against middle of

abdomen just above the navel. (Do NOTplaceyour hand over the very bottom of the breastbone.Grasp fist with other hand.)

3. Give up to 5 quick inward and upward abdominalthrusts.

4. REPEAT STEPS 1-2 UNTIL OBJECT ISCOUGHED UP, CHILD STARTS TO BREATHEOR CHILD BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS.

IF CHILD BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS, PLACE ONBACK AND GO TO STEP 7 OF CHILD OR ADULT

CPR.

FOR OBESE OR PREGNANT PERSONS:

Stand behind person and place your arms under thearmpits to encircle the chest. Press with quickbackward thrusts.





44/128Emer gency Guidelin es for Schools, 3rd edit ion


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Child abuse is a complicated issue with

many potential signs. According toOhio Revised Code (ORC) Section

3319.073, anyone who cares forchildren should be trained in the

recognition of child abuse and neglect.All school personnel who suspect that achild is being abused or neglected are

mandated (required) to make a report totheir Children Services or local law

enforcement agency. The ORCprovides immunity from liability for thosewho make reports of possible abuse orneglect, and requires Children Services

agencies to keep reporters' identitiesconfidential. Failure to report suspected

abuse or neglect may result ina penalty of a fourth-degree

misdemeanor.

If student has visible injuries,

refer to the appropriate guidelineto provide first aid.

CALL EMS 9-1-1 if any injuries

require immediate medical care.

All school staff are required to report suspected childabuse and neglect to the County Children Services

agency. Refer to your own school's policy foradditional guidance on reporting.

.

County Children Services Agency.

Phone #______________________

Abuse may be physical, sexual or emotional in nature.

Some signs of abuse follow. This isNOTa complete

list:Depression, hostility, low self-esteem, poor self-image.Evidence of repeated injuries or unusual injuries.Lack of explanation or unlikely explanation for an injury.Pattern bruises or marks (e.g., burns in the shape of acigarette or iron, bruises or welts in the shape of a hand).Unusual knowledge of sex, inappropriate touching orengaging in sexual play with other children.Severe injury or illness without medical care.Poor hygiene, underfed appearance.

If a student reveals abuse to you:

Remain calm.Take the student seriously.Reassure the student that he/she did the right thing bytelling.

Let the student know that you are required to report theabuse to Children Services.Do not make promises that you can not keep.Respect the sensitive nature of the student's situation.If you know, tell the student what steps to expect next.Follow required school reporting procedures.

Contact responsibleschool authority.

Contact ChildrenServices. Follow upwith school report.

CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT


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The Ohio Department of Health has created anInfectious Disease Control Manual.

At the time this resource was printed, it could be found athttp://www.odh.ohio.gov/healthResources/infectiousDiseaseManual.aspx

A Communicable Disease Wall Chart is available to all schools by

contacting the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services.Order Form JFS 08087 by phone at 614-728-7300 or online at

http://www.odjfs.state.oh.us/forms/inter.asp.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE RESOURCES


47/128


COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

For more information on protecting yourself from

communicable diseases, see "Infection Control."

Chickenpox, pink eye, strep throat and influenza(flu) are just a few of the common communicable

diseases that affect children. There are manymore. In general, there will be little you can do for

a student in school who has a communicabledisease. Following are some general guidelines..

Refer to your local school's exclusion

policy for ill students.

Signs of PROBABLE Illness:.

Sore throat.Redness, swelling, drainage of eye.Unusual spots/rash with fever or itching.

Crusty, bright yellow, gummy skin sores.Diarrhea (more than 2 loose stools a day).Vomiting.Yellow skin or yellow "white of eye".Oral temperature greater than 100.0 F.Extreme tiredness or lethargy.Unusual behavior.

Signs of POSSIBLE Illness:.

Earache.Fussiness.Runny nose.Mild cough.

Contactresponsible school

authority & parent orlegal guardian.

URGE MEDICAL

CARE.

Monitor student

for worsening ofsymptoms.

Contact parent/legalguardian and

discuss.

.

A communicabledisease is a disease

that can be spread fromone person to another.

Germs (bacteria,virus, fungus, parasite)cause communicable

diseases.


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CUTS (SMALL), SCRATCHES & SCRAPES(INCLUDING ROPE & FLOOR BURNS)

Wear disposable gloveswhen exposed to blood

or other body fluids.

Is the wound:Large?Deep?

Bleeding freely?

Wash the wound gently with water. Use soapif necessary to remove dirt.Pat dry with clean gauze or paper towel.Apply clean gauze dressing (non-adhering ornon-sticking type for scrapes) and bandage.

Check student's immunizationrecord for tetanus.

See "Tetanus Immunization."

Contactresponsible


See

"Bleeding."

YESNO


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DIABETES

Seizure.Listlessness.

Cramping.Dizziness.

Paleness.

Rapid Pulse.

A student with diabetes may have thefollowing symptoms:

Irritability and feeling upset.

Change in personality.

Sweating and feeling "shaky."

Loss of consciousness.Confusion or strange behavior.

Rapid, deep breathing.

Refer to student's emergency care plan.

Is the student:Unconscious or losing consciousness?

Having a seizure?Unable to speak?

Having rapid, deep breathing?

CALL EMS

9-1-1..

If student is unconscious,

see "Unconsciousness."

Contactresponsible


guardian.

Continue to watchthe student. Is

student improving?

Is blood sugar less than60 or"LOW"according to

emergency care plan?or

Is blood sugar"HIGH"according to emergency

care plan?

Allow student tocheck blood sugar.

Does student havea blood sugar

monitor available?

A student with diabetesshould be known toappropriate school

staff. An emergency careplan should be developed.

Staff in a position toadminister any approved

medications shouldreceive training.

Give the student "sugar" such as:Fruit juice or soda pop (not diet) 6-8 ounces.Hard candy (6-7 lifesavers) or 1/2 candy bar.

Sugar (2 packets or 2 teaspoons).Cake decorating gel (1/2 tube) or icing.

Instant glucose.

YES

NO

LOW

YES

NO

YES

HIGH

NO

Continue to watch the student in aquiet place. The student should beginto improve within 10 minutes.Allow student to re-check blood sugar.


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DIARRHEA

Wear disposable gloves whenexposed to blood or other body fluids.

A student may come to the officebecause of repeated diarrhea or

after an "accident" in the bathroom.

Allow the student to rest ifexperiencing any stomach pain.Give the student water to drink.

If the student'sclothing is soiled, wear

disposable glovesand double-bag theclothing to be senthome. Wash hands

thoroughly.

Does student have any of the following signs ofprobable illness:

More than 2 loose stools a day?

Oral temperature over 100.0 F? See"Fever."Blood present in the stool?Severe stomach pain?Student is dizzy and pale?


parent/legal guardian..

URGE MEDICAL CARE.

YES

NO


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55/128



EARS

DRAINAGE FROM EAR

EARACHE

OBJECT IN EAR CANAL

Do NOTtry toclean out ear.

Contactresponsible schoolauthority & parentor legal guardian.

.

URGE MEDICALCARE.

Contact responsible schoolauthority & parent/legal guardian.

.

URGE MEDICAL CARE.

Ask student if he/sheknows what is in the ear.

Do you suspect a liveinsect is in the ear?

Do NOTattempt

to remove.

Gently tilt head towardthe affected side.

Did object come outon its own?

If there is nopain, the student

may return toclass. Notify the


Do NOTattempt

to remove.

Contactresponsible school


.

URGE MEDICAL

CARE.

NO

NO

YES

YES OR

NOT SURE


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ELECTRIC SHOCK

TURN OFF POWER SOURCE, IF POSSIBLE.

DO NOT TOUCH STUDENT UNTIL POWER

SOURCE IS SHUT OFF.

Once power is off and situation is safe,approach the student and ask, "Are you OK?"

If no one else is

available to call EMS,perform CPR first

for 2 minutes and thencall EMS yourself.

Is studentunconscious or

unresponsive?

Treat any burns.

See "Burns."

Contactresponsible

school authority& parent or

legal guardian..

URGE MEDICAL

CARE.

Keep airway clear.Look, listen and feel for breath.If student is not breathing,

start CPR. See "CPR."

CALL EMS 9-1-1.

Contactresponsible


NOYES


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EYESWith any eye problem,

ask the student ifhe/she wears contact

lenses. Have studentremove contactsbefore giving any

first aid to eye.

EYE INJURY:

Keep student lyingflat and quiet.

Is injury severe?Is there a change in vision?Has object penetrated eye?

Contactresponsible schoolauthority & parent or

legal guardian..

URGE IMMEDIATE

MEDICAL CARE.

If an object haspenetrated the eye,do NOTremove

object.

Cover eye with a papercup or similar object tokeep student from rubbing,but do NOTtouch eye orput any pressure on eye.

YES NO

CALL EMS 9-1-1..Contact responsibleschool authority &



59/128


EYES

PARTICLE IN EYE

Keep student fromrubbing eye.

If necessary, lay student downand tip head toward affected side.Gently pour tap water over theopen eye to flush out the particle.

If particle doesnot flush out of eye orif eye pain continues,contact responsibleschool authority &

parent/legal guardian..

URGE MEDICALCARE.

CHEMICALS IN EYE

Wear gloves and if possible, goggles.

Immediately rinse the eye with large amountsof clean water for 20 to 30 minutes. Use aneyewash if available.Tip the head so the affected eye is below theunaffected eye and water washes eye fromnose out to side of the face.

CALL POISON CONTROL.

1-800-222-1222

Follow their directions.

If eye has beenburned by chemical,

CALL EMS 9-1-1.

Contactresponsible


guardian.


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61/128


FAINTING

Not eating.Stress.Fatigue.Poisoning.

Fainting may have many causesincluding:

Injuries.Illness.Blood loss/shock.Heat exhaustion.Diabetic reaction.Severe allergic reaction.Standing still for too long.

.

If you know the cause of thefainting, see the appropriate

guideline.

If you observe any of the following signsof fainting, have the student lie down toprevent injury from falling:

Extreme weakness or fatigue.Dizziness or light-headedness.Extreme sleepiness.

Pale, sweaty skin.Nausea.

Most students who faint will recoverquickly when lying down. If student doesnot regain consciousness immediately,

see "Unconsciousness."

Is fainting due to injury?Was student injured whenhe/she fainted?

Treat as possible neck injury.

See "Neck & Back Pain.".

Do NOTmove student.

Keep student in flat position.Elevate feet.Loosen clothing around neck and waist.

Keep airway clear and monitor breathing.Keep student warm, but not hot.Control bleeding if needed (weardisposable gloves).Give nothing by mouth.

Are symptoms (dizziness, light-headedness,

weakness, fatigue, etc.) still present?

If student feels better, and there is nodanger of neck injury, he/she may be

moved to a quiet, private area.

Contactresponsible


guardian.

Keep studentlying down. Contactresponsible school


.

URGE MEDICALCARE.

YES

NO

NO

YES OR

NOT SURE


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FEVER & NOT FEELING WELL

Take student's temperature.Note oral temperatureover 100.0 F as fever.

Have the student liedown in a room that

affords privacy.

Give no medication,unless previously

authorized.

Contactresponsible

school authorityand parent orlegal guardian.


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FRACTURES, DISLOCATIONS,SPRAINS OR STRAINS

Symptoms may include:Painin one area.Swelling.

Feeling "heat" in injured area.Discoloration.

Limited movement.

Bent or deformed bone.Numbness or loss of sensation.

Treat all injuredparts as if they

couldbe fractured.

Is bone deformed or bent in anunusual way?Is skin broken over possible fracture?Is bone sticking through skin?

NO

Leave student in a positionof comfort.Gently cover broken skin witha clean bandage.Do NOTmove injured part.

Contactresponsible


guardian.

Rest injured part by not allowingstudent to put weight on it or use it.Gently support and elevate injuredpart if possible.

Apply ice, covered with a cloth or

paper towel, to minimize swelling.

After period of rest, re-check the injury.Is pain gone?Can student move or put weight oninjured part without discomfort?Is numbness/tingling gone?Has sensation returned to injured area?

Contactresponsible schoolauthority & parentor legal guardian.

.

URGE MEDICAL

CARE.

If discomfortis gone after

period of rest,allow student to

return to class.

YES

NOYES

CALL EMS

9-1-1.


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FROSTBITE

Frostbite can resultin the same type oftissue damage as aburn. It is a serious

condition andrequires medical

attention.

Exposure to cold even for short periods of time may

cause "HYPOTHERMIA" in children (see "Hypothermia").The nose, ears, chin, cheeks, fingers and toes are theparts most often affected by frostbite.

Frostbitten skin may:Look discolored (flushed, grayish-yellow, pale).Feel cold to the touch.Feel numb to the student.

Deeply frostbitten skin may:Look white or waxy.Feel firm or hard (frozen).

Take the student to a warm place.Remove cold or wet clothing and give student warm, dry clothes.Protect cold part from further injury.Do NOTrub or massage the cold part orapply heat such as

a water bottle or hot running water.Cover part loosely with nonstick, sterile dressings or dry blanket.

Does extremity/part:Look discolored - grayish, white or waxy?Feel firm/hard (frozen)?Have a loss of sensation?

Keep studentand part warm.

Contactresponsibleauthority &


YES NO

CALL EMS 9-1-1.Keep student warmand part covered.

Contactresponsible

authority & parentor legal guardian.

Encourage

medical care.


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HEADACHE

Have student lie downfor a short time in a room

that affords privacy.

See

"HeadInjuries."

Has a headinjury occurred?

Give nomedication

unless previouslyauthorized.

Apply a cold cloth or compressto the student's head.

Is headache severe?Are other symptoms present such as:

Vomiting?Oral temperature over 100.0 F(See "Fever")?

Blurred vision?Dizziness?

Contactparent/legalguardian.

.

URGE MEDICAL

CARE.

YES

YES

NO

NO

If headachepersists, contact

parent/legalguardian.


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HEAD INJURIES.Many head injuries that happenat school are minor. Head

wounds may bleed easily andform large bumps. Bumps to

the head may not beserious. Head injuries from

falls, sports and violence maybe serious. If head is

bleeding, see "Bleeding. "

If studentonlybumped head anddoes not have any other complaints

or symptoms,see "Bruises."

With a head injury (other than

head bump), always suspectneck injury as well.Do NOTmove or twist the

back or neck.

See "Neck & Back Pain" formore information.

Have student rest, lying flat.Keep student quiet and warm.

Is studentvomiting?

Watch student closely.

Do NOTleave student alone.Turn the head and body

together to the side, keepingthe head and neck in a

straight line with the trunk.Are any of the following symptoms present:.

Unconsciousness?

Seizure?Neck pain?

Student is unable to respond to simple commands?Blood or watery fluid in the ears?

Student is unable to move or feel arms or legs?Blood is flowing freely from the head?

Student is sleepy or confused?

CALL EMS 9-1-1.

Even if studentwas only briefly

confused and seems

fully recovered, contactresponsible school authority& parent or legal guardian.

.

URGE MEDICAL CARE.

Watch for delayedsymptoms.

Give nothingby mouth. Contactresponsible school

authority &parent or legal

guardian.

YES NO

YES

NOCheck student's airway.Look, listen and feel for breathing.If student stops breathing, start

CPR. See "CPR."


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HEAT STROKE - HEAT EXHAUSTION

Heat emergencies

are caused by

spending too muchtime in the heat. Heatemergencies canbe life-threatening

situations.

Profuse sweating.Headache.

Nausea.Confusion.Muscle cramping.

Strenuous activity in the heat may causeheat-related illness. Symptoms may include:.

Red, hot, dry skin.Weakness and fatigue.

Cool, clammy hands.Vomiting.Loss of consciousness.

Is student unconsciousor losing consciousness?

Remove student fromtheheat to a cooler place.Have student lie down.

Does student have hot,dry, red skin?Is student vomiting?Is student confused?

Give clear fluids such as water,7Up or Gatorade frequently in

small amounts if student is fullyawake and alert.

Contactresponsibleauthority &parent/legal

guardian.

Quickly remove student from heatto a cooler place.Put student on his/her side toprotect the airway.Look, listen and feel for breath.If student stops breathing, start

CPR. See "CPR."

Cool rapidly by completelywetting clothing with room

temperature water..

Do NOTuse ice water.

CALL EMS 9-1-1.

Contact responsibleauthority & parentor legal guardian.

YES

YES

NO

NO


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HYPOTHERMIA(EXPOSURE TO COLD)

Hypothermia happens afterexposure to cold when the body

is no longer capable ofwarming itself. Young childrenare particularly susceptible tohypothermia. It can be a life-

threatening condition if leftuntreated for too long.

Hypothermia can occur after a student has beenoutside in the cold or in cold water. Symptomsmay include:

Confusion.Weakness.

Blurry vision.

Slurred speech.

Take the student to a warm place.Remove cold or wet clothing andwrap student in a warm, dry blanket.

Does student have:

Loss of consciousness?Slowed breathing?Confused or slurred speech?White, grayish or blue skin?

CALL EMS 9-1-1.Give nothing by mouth.Continue to warm

student with blankets.If student is sleepy or losingconsciousness, place student on his/herside to protect airway.Look, listen and feel for breathing.If student stops breathing, start CPR.See "CPR".

Contact

responsibleauthority & parentor legal guardian.

Encourage

medical care.

Continue to warm student withblankets. If student is fullyawake and alert, offer warm

(NOT hot) fluids, but no food.

NO

Shivering.

Sleepiness.

White or grayish skin color.

Impaired judgment.

YES


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MENSTRUAL DIFFICULTIES

Is it possible thatstudent is pregnant?

See

"Pregnancy."

For mildcramps,

recommendregular

activities.

Are cramps mildor severe?

A short period of quietrest may provide relief.

Give no medications unlesspreviously authorized by


Urge medical care ifdisabling cramps or

heavy bleeding occurs.

YES ORNOT SURE

NO

SEVERE

MILD

Contactresponsible


guardian.


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MOUTH & JAW INJURIES

Wear disposable gloves whenexposed to blood or other body fluids.

Have teeth been injured?See

"Teeth."

Has jaw been injured?

Do NOTtry to

move jaw.

Gently supportjaw with hand.



URGE IMMEDIATE

MEDICAL CARE.

If tongue, lips or cheeks arebleeding, apply direct pressure

with sterile gauze or clean cloth.

Place a cold compress over thearea to minimize swelling.

YES

Check student'simmunization record

for tetanus. See"Tetanus

Immunization. "

Is cut large or deep?Is there bleeding thatcannot be stopped?

See

"Bleeding. "

Do you suspect a head injuryother than mouth or jaw?

See

"Head

Injuries."

Contactresponsibleschool authority &

parent/legal guardian.Encourage

medical care.

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO


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NECK & BACK PAIN

Suspect a neck/back injury if pain results from:

Falls over 10 feet or falling on head.Being thrown from a moving object.Sports.Violence.Being struck by a car or fast moving object.

Has an injury occurred?

Did student walk in or wasstudent found lying down?

Do NOTmove student unless thereis IMMEDIATEdanger of further

physical harm.If student must be moved, supporthead and neck and move student inthe direction of the head withoutbending the spine forward. .Do NOTdrag the student sideways.

Keep student quiet and warm.Hold the head still by gently placing one ofyour hands on each side of the head.

CALL EMS 9-1-1.



Have student lie down on his/herback. Support head by holding it in

a "face forward" position..

Try NOTto move neck or head.

A stiff or sore neck fromsleeping in a "funny" position isdifferent than neck pain from asudden injury. Non-injured stiffnecks may be uncomfortable

but they are not em

emergency guidelines for schools 2_2007

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