Emergency Sanitation Services (During and post Disaster)

learning from Nepal's EarthquakeRajit Ojha

Two critical questions before we start

How can we make our Sanitation Service Resilient?(Disaster Risk Reduction)

How can we be able to respond quickly during emergencies(Disaster Response)

Response in Emergencies

Damage from the earthquake

• Key damages in our sectors-–5015 Schemes of water Supply affecting

more than 3 million Population

–More than 350,000 toilets

Impacts after Damages

• Vulnerability of the people towards health hazards• Financial losses in terms of cost recovery• Opportunity losses in terms of time saving (In Basic

water supply)• Possible shift from No open defecation to open

defecation• 2017 basic water supply and sanitation a national

goal(questionable now? Should we think of revising our targets?)

Characteristics of Sanitation services to be provided during

Emergency• Should be addressing the

need of vulnerable people(CGD friendly)

• Clean with all accessories available and Water Supply facilities.

• Water borne disease were pretty less because of high intervention in WASH

• Quick fix, easy to construct

Location : Timure,Rasuwa

Ready to install (RTI) toilet

• The inner dimension of casing 32 x 36 inches and height is 5 feet 9 inches.

• Features of RTI casing are: – Cost effective – Durable – Light in weight (31 kg) – Portable and Foldable (five pieces) – Easy and quick to install (Takes 2-3

hours to install)

Source: ENPHO

Types of superstructures

Bamboo and CGI sheet

Double pan CGI sheet

Use of local materials

Source: ENPHO

Bamboo

SaTo Pan

• Innovative Technology used during this earthquake

• Based on "Gravity Cleaning Mechanism"

• Easy• Less water consumed• Can be brought to regular

development works where there is water scarcity

In the light of Earthquake

• It is now necessary for us to think construction in a different manner

• Sanitation has taken a new height in Nepal but not in terms of technology its in terms of awareness only

• Provide resilient technology to communities• Risk Based Approach• Segregation of data of local risk and integrate it

with design

The Modified Disaster Cycle

05/03/2023

Response

Preparedness

Reconstruction

RecoveryMitigation

Prevention

1970’s

1970’s

1970’s1980’s

1980’s2000’s

1990’s

12

Risk Based Approach

Example of Project selection

Provide low water technologies such as SaTo Pan, EcoSan and integrate it with behavioral change

Nepal ranked-30th with respect to flood

High rise toilets , prevention from water contamanitation

Conclusion

• In Response quick fix solution and more focus on vulnerable people

• Possibility of Integration of Emergency technology into development works such as SaTo Pan

• Risk based planning nationally and locally

Thank You and Suggestions ??