emerging biochar markets · 10/18/2014 · heating wood to make char in a barrel oven t r miles...
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Emerging Biochar Markets Tom Miles,
T.R. Miles Technical Consultants, Inc. North West Biochar Working Group
www.nwbiochar.og Black is the New Green
Biochar Expo Roseburg, Oregon October 18, 2014
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NW Biochar Working Group nwbiochar.org
Biochar Producers http://bit.ly/1sBZdpq
• Email list • Web site • Meetings • Projects
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Processed Biochars Have Different Qualities Than Do-It-Yourself Biochars
Biochar Supreme photo: Biochar Supreme biocharsupreme.com
SELECT BIOCHARS TO SUIT SOILS AND CROP NEEDS
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Biochar Helps Re-vegetation, Environmental Remediation, and Urban Farming
BIOCHAR IN HYDROSEEDING AND FILTERS
www.permamatrix.com
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• Use normal practices • Use stable soil amendment • Retain more water • Replace non-sustainable materials • Reduce chemical leaching and runoff • Reduce chemical and fertilizer use • Decrease saturated hydraulic conductivity • Promote growth of microorganisms • Sequester CO2 (Sunmark Environmental) (Sand-based turfgrass root-zone modification with biochar, Shane R. Brockhoff, Iowa State University )
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Biochar Can Improve Turf and Landscape Management for Parks and Recreation
Biochar + compost may resist Pythium blight
(Photo LP Tredway)
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Biochar in Green Roof Media
Photo: Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center
Adding 7% Biochar to Scoria based media improved the effluent with 70% reduction in Nitrates, 40% reduction in Phosphates and 70% reduction of Organics than un-amended control. Beck, D.A., G.R. Johnson and G.A. Spolek. 2011. Environmental Pollution 159: 2111-2118.
Using 30% biochar in scoria roof media increased plant water availability by 16% . Cao, C.T.N., C. Farrell, P.E. Kristiansenn, J.P. Rayner. 2014. Ecological Engineering 71: 368-374.
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WSU Low Impact Development Center
LOW IMPACT DESIGN:RAIN GARDENS/STORM DRAINS
ROOF DRAINS
DEMOS: 8 Cities RESEARCH: • OSU – MS, MBA • EPA Corvallis • WSU Puyallup • Stanford/CSM
BIOCHAR IN COMPOST ROLLS AND BIO BAG FILTERS FOR SURFACE RUNOFF
Biochar Improves Water Quality
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Biochar in Sand and Biofilters for Industrial Stormwater Filtration
Photo: Kennedy Jenks, Port of Tacoma, West Hylebos Pier Log Yard
Port of Tacoma, West Hylebos Pier Log Yard
Sand + biochar
biofilters
Sand filter
Up to 80% - 90% reduction in ISGP parameters: pH, Zinc, Copper, Turbidity, TSS & COD
Small Scale tests: 70% Sand + 30% Biochar to capture Copper and reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
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PermaMatrix 10% Biochar
“This was the recycled nasty soil from the steel mill that still grew vegetation. There is a line of where we sprayed PermaMatrix and where it was not applied. The other vegetation died.” -- Drew Schaefer Sunmark Environmental www.sunmarkenvironmental.com
Biochar Improves Remediation
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Biochar Filters Toxics & Organics
• Heavy Metals: Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury
• Explosives: DNT, TNT, RDX
• Herbicides: Atrazine, Acetochlor, Clopyralid, Fipronil, Glyphosate, Simazine, 2,4D, Trifluralin, Diuron (DCMU)
• Benzonitrile, Phenathrene, trichloroethylene, Triazine
• Hydrocarbons • Poly chlorinated biphenyls
(PCB)
• Pesticides & Fungicides: Pyrimethanil, Hexachlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenol, Lindane, Isoproturon, Endosulfan, Chlorantraniliprole, Chlorpyrifos, Carbofuran
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) >50% of 4-& 5- ring PAH, >40% of 2- & 3- PAH
Peer reviewed research shows the following toxic organics are sorbed by biochar.
Literature Search: sciencedirect.com
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Biochar in Nurseries
PLANT HEALTH - Inhibits root disease Nutrient (P) carrier for poor soils
SOIL STRUCTURE- Vermiculite substitute COMPOST AID - Peat substitute = Compost + Biochar
Ponderosa Pine in Soilless Media with Vermiculite (Left) and Biochar (Right)
2008 Calforest Nurseries
2009
Agronomic Benefits
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Biochar for Healthy Trees
No Treatment (right) 5% biochar + compost top dressing Tree roots at 18 months in compacted soils. Photo: Morton Arboretum Soil Science Laboratory
(Bartlett Tree Service & Dr. Makoto Ogawa)
Biochar + Compost Biochar + Mycorrhiza, Composted
• Increases disease & insect resistance • Improves microbial activity and soil fertility • Increases soil water retention, and available water to tree roots • Stimulates tree growth • Improves tree survival
Trenches with Biochar + Mycorrhiza can be used to rehabilitate diseased trees, like these examples from Japan ->
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Biochar in Structural Soil Parking Forest ParkingForest.org
Structural Soil, Cornell University www.hort.cornell.edu
Structural Soil under Permeable Pavement for larger canopy trees.
Biochar in Structural Soil • Improves tree health, helps them resist disease • Adsorbs oils/metals from the parking lot • Filters rain water, keeps nutrients close to trees. • Increases water available to street trees.
Parking forest PCC (Maria Cahill)
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Biochar in Urban Gardening
URBAN FARMING GREEN ANCHORS
www.facebook.com/greenanchorspdx Ghost Peppers and Hot Chilis Black Stuff Biochar
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Making Biochar • Dry Fuel – Air Dried or Less than 20% MC • Temperatures – 400⁰C, 600 ⁰C, 800 ⁰C • Industrial Scale
– High Carbon Flyash, 10 CY/day – ICM Biochar 400 CY/day – Earth Systems 10-20 CY/day
• Farm Scale – Adam Retort 1-2 CY/day
• Small scale – – Top Lit Burn Pile – >0.5CY/day – Small Ovens – <10 ft3/day, Firepit kiln, Jolly Roger, Gasifiers – Stoves, BBQ – <ft3/day
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Biochar is Made at Small and Large Scales
Boiler 3 MMBtuh Hot Water 500 lb/h 25% Char
ICM Gasifier 4-8 tph Burt’s Greenhouses
Ontario, CAN
BioChar TLUD Cook Stove Seachar.org
Mobile Pyrolysis Black is Green (BIG) AUS
Greenhouse scale heat and biochar NE Biochar 1 t/10h
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Small Scale Biochar Production
Firepit Cone Kiln
Top Lit TLUD Gasifying Cook Stove
“J-RO” Jolly Roger Oven Top Lit Gasifier + Barrel Oven
Top Lit Burn Pile
Gasifier
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Burn 2 hrs with dry wood Biochar ~4.5 ft3/burn (0.17 CY) Cost $400
Bluesky Biochar http://youtu.be/bO9-RBaAq3U
Wilson Biomass Associates www.wilsonbiochar.com
backyardbiochar.net
Top Lit (Firepit) Cone Kiln Makes Char by Limiting Oxygen at Base of Fire
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Wood size max 3” diameter Burn 3-5 hrs with dry wood Biochar ~20 ft3/burn (0.75 CY)
Carbon Cultures Gasifier
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Limits combustion air to make gas and char Gas burns cleanly above kiln
carboncultures.com
• Prevents heat damage to soil organisms • Reduces pollution from gas and particulate • Recovers biochar
AIR
Clean Burning Gas
AIR Damper Char
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Carbon Cultures Glacier Kiln at Coffelt Farm March 7, 2014
Carboncultures.com
AIR ADJUSTMENT
GAS BURNER
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Heating Wood to Make Char in a Barrel Oven
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SIMPLE CHAR KILN Folke Gunther Max Henderson
Kelpie Wilson 30 Gal in 50 Gal Barrel 1.5 ft3/Burn
Fuel Wood
Char wood
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Wells Retort Wood charred in rotating barrel by heat from an inner tube.
Amherst, MA
Fuel 5 lb/hr Biochar 1.5 lb/hr
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Firebox
Rotate Barrel
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Single Chamber Top Lit (TLUD) Batch Ovens
David Yarrow 55 Gal TLUD Barrel Burner 3 ft3/burn .2CY
Karl Frogner, Doug Clayton 55 Gal TLUD Ovens
www.dyarrow.org/CarbonSmart
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Air
Air
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg95KYrH8PI
Afterburner
www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGsdma-2CkQ
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Making Biochar in TLUD Ovens for Water Treatment in Burma 55-gal TLUD drum pyrolyzer design can be made using only a machete – no electricity or power tools required. (Josh Kearns, Aqueous Solutions)
Aqueous Solutions http://on.fb.me/1LuQWJh
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Top Lit Up Draft (TLUD) Stoves Make Gas for Cooking and Char for the Garden (micro gasification)
Flame consumes oxygen and carbonizes wood as it burns Stop burning before the char is consumed ~ 20-24% of fuel.
Champion TLUD Planetstove Firepit BBQ Estufa Finca
Cost $100 Burn 1/2 hr with dry wood, Biochar ~0.05-0.25 ft3/burn https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Micro_Gasification_Cooking_with_gas_from_biomass.pdf
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Cookstove Char From Top Lit Updraft Gasifiers • Batch load. • Gases burn above fuel.char. • Heat from flame and partial burning
drives volatile gases from fuel. • Char remains after volatiles burn
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BioChar Cook Stove Seachar.org
Cooking on the TLUD “Estufa Finca” in Costa Rica
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Dr TLUD’s Stoves For Developing Countries
Paul Anderson www.drtlud.com
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TLUD BIOCHAR STOVE
Backyard Biochar with a TLUD Stove
Ray Mencke 2/23/14
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Biogreen-Energy Demonstration Ames, IA 2010 www.biogreen-energy.com
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Mobile Charmaker 20 CY/DAY 2 ton 10 CY/4 hours Fully automated Earth Systems (Aus) USD $345,000
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http://www.esenergy.com.au/services/charmaker/charmaker-techprocess
MPP20/40
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Mobile Char from Cordwood and Waste Wood
New England Biochar www.newenglandbiochar.org
1 Cord (4 CY) wood /Batch 8 hr burn ->1-2 CY Biochar
Living Web Farm www.biochar.bioenergylists.org/living-web-biochar-workshop-2013
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Gasifier
Oven/Retort
Tars/Oil
Afterburner
Starter Fuel
Burner
Char Extractor
Gasifier
Oven/Retort
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Sullivan Center for Sustainable Agriculture and CSA, NH
sullivancsa.com New England Biochar
newenglandbiochar.org
Stationary Retort with Greenhouse Heating
1 Cord ~ 4 CY 8 hr burn 1-2 CY Biochar + 300,000 Btuh Hot Water
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Trough Gasifier For Bark, Litter, Sawdust
BES Australia Stephen Joseph 2014
Biomass 800-1500 lb/hr chips, litter Heat 1.4 MMBtuh Biochar 140 lb/hr 4-12 CY/Day Cost $150,000
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Fuel
Gasifier
Hot Gas
Char
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Mobile, Batch and Continuous Kilns
Carbon Gold UK www.carbongold.com
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Continuous Mobile Kilns $300k
BIGCHAR AUS www.bigchar.com.au
Make Char Though Gasification Without Heat Recovery
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Boiler-Superheater
Economizer
Furnace Cells/Grate Air Heater
Multicyclone
Electrostatic Precipitator
Stack
High Carbon Ash Ash
Ash/Char Source: Wellons, Inc. www.wellonsusa.com
Fan
Some Industrial Biomass Boilers Produce High Carbon Ash With Biochar-like Properties
60%-80% Carbon 8-10 CY/Day Biochar
200 TPD WOOD
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ICM 200 tpd Gasifier Wood, Straw, Stover
www.icminc.com
Industrial Systems Convert Wood/Straw to Heat, Power and Biochar
4-8 TPH Biomass 2-5 MWe 30-60,000 BDT/y
Makes 40 TPD 400 CY/Day BIOCHAR
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Design and development of energy and environmental processes Industries
Biomass energy Pollution control Materials handling Feed, Food and Fuels
TR Miles Technical Consultants, Inc. 503-780-8185 [email protected] www.trmiles.com
International Biochar Initiative Biochar-international.org NW Biochar Working Group www.nwbiochar.org Biochar Listserv www.biochar.bioenergylists.org