emerging database technology multimedia database

Emerging Database Technology

Multimedia Database

Salama Al BusaidiBSc (Hons)Majan College, Oman23 July 2010


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Background

Overview

WhatWhyHow

SecurityIndex & RetrievalManageabilityPerformance

Development

Database

Salama Al Busaidi Multimedia Database

Multimedia Database Management System (MMDBMS)

• Multimedia database is the host for storing, managing and retrieving media file types such as documents, images, audio, videos, etc.

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What is multimedia database?

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Why multimedia database?“Multimedia on demand”

Business… Technology… Lifestyle… The three main factors that contributed to the growth of multimedia usage are:• the use of personal computers as well as high-definition gadgets such as digital

cameras, video cameras, scanners, printers and monitors. • the increase in popularity of the World Wide Web has also made an impact on the

demand. • software applications requiring multimedia applications have increased with the

increase in options availed with multimedia

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How does it Differ from standard databases?

• The difference between Multimedia databases and standard databases is a multimedia database stores information and media ‘internally’ whereas a ‘normal’ database can only store textual or numerical data.

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Multimedia database Standard database

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Background

1987: the first multimedia database System ORION was developed. The first MMDBMS relied on the operating system for storing and querying files. These were considered ad-hoc systems that served mostly as repositories.

Mid 90s: the first commercial and full-fledged MMDBMS was implementation.Examples of the databases are MediaWay, JASMINE, ITASCA (commercial successors of ORION) etc. They were all able to handle diverse kinds of data and provided mechanisms for querying, retrieving, inserting, and updating data.

After a few years of existence, most of these products disappeared from the market and only some of them like MediaWay, was able to continue and advance themselves on three fronts; the software, Hardware and application side.

1996-1998: Object-Relational DBMS (ORDBMSs) are successfully shippedThe Object-Relational DBMS (ORDBMSs) are object oriented style which provides the facility to define new data types and operators appropriate for the new kinds of media, such as video, image and audio.

More advance solutions for extending the basic system are marketed by Oracle 10g, IBM DB2 and IBM Informix.

For example The IBM DB2 Universal Database Extenders: Extends the ORDBMS management to images, video, audio, and spatial objects.

The features of the multimedia extenders include importing and exporting multimedia objects and their attributes into and out of a database, controlling access to non-traditional types of data with the same level of protection as traditional data, and browsing or playing objects retrieved from the database (Kosch, H. and Döller, M 2004).

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• The theory attempts to reason the development of multimedia database management systems (MMDBMS). Although the history of the MMDBMS actually starts from when Databases were firstly identified before computers were even electrical systems, the actual theory in development remains to be the same. The storage capacity has always been an issue physically, as has the efficiency of retrieval.

• The MMDBS today is still in its evolving stages due to growing needs of society. The three main factors personal computer increase in usage, hardware compatibility allowing flexible usage, internet being the third party to transferring images etc., and the complexity and flexibility of new age software.

• Personal computers whether in Rome or China have an extremely high growth rate in terms of usage. This is due to work standards, education as well as business requirements. The evident need for efficiency, accuracy, and effective storages as well as security has increased the demand from employers, employees, as well as students. This has created a continuous need for an increase in storage capacity at workplaces.

• Employers and employees regardless of the fields they are in, require efficiency in terms of transferring certain multimedia data from different sections or even to customers such as training movie clips. The MMDMS allows this to be achieved through the continuous development of the Multimedia technology and the increase of capacity.

• Students, as a rule will require flexibility in storing information. Being at a university chatting or at home attending a lecture online may require these requirements to be recorded and stored. These developments have also increased the business capacity of university in terms of how courses may be conducted, as the example given suggests

Development review

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Database review

Data security• There are several views on how data security may be defined, all are essential and amongst

the requirements for development. The controls protect data from tampering and unexpected changes.

• Protecting the data could include a physical lock which may work hand in hand with the actual physical device or may be a password for access that would require inbuilt software into BIOS within the MMDBMS.

• Another outlook would be security through a network. By actually having a monitoring system which is within the software embedded into the MMDBMS a log is created and looked after in terms of changes, views, and alterations that are made.

Data integrity • Data protection is the administration of backup processes to ensure that tasks run on

schedule, and that data is securely backed up and recoverable. Good data protection management means having effective processes and methodologies in place to maintain data integrity. (Entity integrity, Referential integrity)

Data availability

• Two increasingly popular approaches to providing data availability are the storage area network (SAN) and network-attached storage (NAS). Data availability can be measured in terms of how often the data is available (one vendor promises 99.999 per cent availability) and how much data can flow at a time (the same vendor promises 3200 megabytes per second).

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Recent developments

• Security

The database security is been improved in deferent sectors: Secure Enterprise Search Fine grained security (restriction for a single data to individual user) Timeout for accessing the data. Check in/check out capabilities. Audit trail (Who did what, when, where and how) Exclusivity access. (A user accesses an image for a set period of time during which no one else

can access it.)

During the past few years, Multimedia database systems have been massively improved in deferent sectors, we will review the improvement in Security, Index and Retrieval, Manageability and Performance.

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• Security• Index and Retrieval

Different technology is used in multimedia database to enable search and retrieval. These are the standardized technology for coding multimedia data, natural and synthetic

(e.g., photography and face animation, respectively), continuous and static (e.g., video and image, respectively), also describing content (Multimedia Description Interface) and for an open multimedia framework for a reasonable and interoperable use of multimedia in a disseminated environment. The relationship to some of the popular multimedia formats, mp3 and mp4, are based on the MPEG coding family.

The database stored multimedia data are indexed and the information can be extracted from the search.

Data can be manipulated or converted from one format to another while retaining the image quality controlled.

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• Security• Index and Retrieval• Manageability

Synchronisation: Database stored images is directly linked to with the metadata. A single manipulation transaction on image will be automatically synchronised with the metadata

Backup/Recovery (standby databases and replication. Images are automatically replicated if the advanced replication option is used, and for disaster recovery situations, image data is automatically transferred to a standby database)

Web base administrations: now database maintenance, administration, and performance review all can be done easily using web interface

Recent developments

Automated database auditing and reportingDatabase activity monitoring and alertingSecure configuration management

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• Security• Index and Retrieval• Manageability• Performance

The improvements in disk technology resolve the retrieval performance issue. Now the retrieval of image from a database is as fast as it is from a disk file system.

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Conclusion• In conclusion, the development and the extent of usage of MMDBMS will remain

to be unforeseen as developments in networking capabilities as well as hardware technological advancements continue to push limits of this technology. As multimedia information exchange becomes very important nowadays, multimedia database system gets more tremendous development.

Recommendation• It is recommended that the development of mpeg technology continue for

flexibility, capacity and quality issues to further be disseminated.

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