emerging international best practices to promote electric vehicles · 2016-04-19 · emerging...

Emerging international best practices to promote electric vehicles

Nic Lutsey

AVERE E-mobility Conference Amsterdam, NetherlandsApril 13, 2016

§  Sales of electric vehicles through 2015§  There were over 500,000 electric vehicle sales in 2015§  The 1 millionth electric vehicle was sold in September 2015§  Sales mostly in China, Europe, the U.S. (and concentrated in particular markets)

Global electric vehicle sales since 2009

2

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Elec

tric

veh

icle

sal

es

Rest of world

US

Japan

Europe

China

Note: Only passenger vehicles shown

United StatesCity-level analysis of EV policy, incentives, charging infrastructure

§  The top-25 metropolitan areas in 2014 in the US represent…. §  42% of the population, 46% of auto sales, 67% of EV sales§  53% of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure§  Diverse mix of incentive, market factors, and percent EV uptake

Electric vehicle (EV) activity across major US cities

424.6%

29.6%

34.6%

39.6%

44.6%

49.6%

73.0%78.0%83.0%88.0%93.0%98.0%103.0%108.0%113.0%118.0%123.0%

0.5%

1%

3%

Share of new vehicles

BEV PHEV

http://theicct.org/info-tools/us-city-electric-vehicle-profilesEV shares are new PHEVs and BEVs, as percent of light-duty vehicle registrations, in 2014 from IHS Automotive

San Francisco

Portland

Seattle

Denver

Phoenix

Los Angeles Riverside

Minneapolis

Chicago

St Louis

Houston

Dallas

San Antonio

Miami

Tampa

Atlanta

Charlotte

WashingtonBaltimore

New York

BostonDetroit

Pittsburgh

San Diego

Philadelphia

$0 $2,000 $4,000San Francisco

AtlantaLos Angeles

San DiegoSeattle

PortlandRiverside

DetroitPhoenix

WashingtonDenverTampaMiami

BostonNew YorkBaltimore

DallasChicago

PhiladelphiaSt. Louis

MinneapolisCharlotteHouston

PittsburghSan Antonio

25 city average

Consumer incentive

Other

Public chargingHOV accessState subsidy

Analysis of US city EV uptake, charging, promotion activities

5

§  Example: San Francisco area has had steady mix of consumer incentives, promotion actions, and charging infrastructure support – and has 7x the US average EV uptake

0%! 2%! 4%! 6%!

San Francisco!Atlanta!

Los Angeles!San Diego!

Seattle!Portland!

Riverside!Detroit!

Phoenix!Washington!

Denver!Tampa!Miami!

Boston!New York!Baltimore!

Dallas!Chicago!

Philadelphia!St. Louis!

Minneapolis!Charlotte!Houston!

Pittsburgh!San Antonio!

New electric !vehicle share!

Battery electric vehicles!

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles!

0! 100! 200! 300!



Seattle!Portland!

Riverside!Detroit!

Phoenix!Washington!

Denver!Tampa!Miami!


Dallas!Chicago!




Chargers per capita !(per million population)!

DC fast!Level 2!

0! 10! 20!



Seattle!Portland!

Riverside!Detroit!

Phoenix!Washington!

Denver!Tampa!Miami!


Dallas!Chicago!




Electric vehicle !promotion actions!

State!City!Infrastructure!Utility!

http://theicct.org/leading-us-city-electric-vehicle-activities

0!

5!

10!

15!

20!

25!

San

Fran

cisco!

Los A

ngel

es!

San

Dieg

o!Ri

vers

ide!

Was

hing

ton

DC!

Portl

and!

Char

lotte!

Atla

nta!

Chica

go!

New

York

City!

Phila

delp

hia!

Seat

tle!

Denv

er!

Bost

on!

St. L

ouis!

Baltim

ore!

Hous

ton!

Phoe

nix!

Dalla

s!De

troit!

Tam

pa!

Mia

mi!

San

Anto

nio!

Min

neap

olis!

Pitts

burg

h!Av

erag

e 25

citie

s!

Elec

tric

veh

icle

pro

mot

ion

actio

ns!

Utility!

Infrastructure!

City!

State!

0!

5!

10!

15!

20!

25!

San

Fran

cisco!

Los A

ngel

es!

San

Dieg

o!Ri

vers

ide!

Was

hing

ton

DC!

Portl

and!

Char

lotte!

Atla

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Chica

go!

New

York

City!

Phila

delp

hia!

Seat

tle!

Denv

er!

Bost

on!

St. L

ouis!

Baltim

ore!

Hous

ton!

Phoe

nix!

Dalla

s!De

troit!

Tam

pa!

Mia

mi!

San

Anto

nio!

Min

neap

olis!

Pitts

burg

h!Av

erag

e 25

citie

s!

Elec

tric

veh

icle

pro

mot

ion

actio

ns!

Utility!

Infrastructure!

City!

State!

0!

5!

10!

15!

20!

25!Sa

n Fr

ancis

co!

Los A

ngel

es!

San

Dieg

o!Ri

vers

ide!

Was

hing

ton

DC!

Portl

and!

Char

lotte!

Atla

nta!

Chica

go!

New

York

City!

Phila

delp

hia!

Seat

tle!

Denv

er!

Bost

on!

St. L

ouis!

Baltim

ore!

Hous

ton!

Phoe

nix!

Dalla

s!De

troit!

Tam

pa!

Mia

mi!

San

Anto

nio!

Min

neap

olis!

Pitts

burg

h!Av

erag

e 25

citie

s!

Elec

tric

veh

icle

pro

mot

ion

actio

ns!

Utility!

Infrastructure!

City!

State!

0!

5!

10!

15!

20!

25!

San

Fran

cisco!

Los A

ngel

es!

San

Dieg

o!Ri

vers

ide!

Was

hing

ton

DC!

Portl

and!

Char

lotte!

Atla

nta!

Chica

go!

New

York

City!

Phila

delp

hia!

Seat

tle!

Denv

er!

Bost

on!

St. L

ouis!

Baltim

ore!

Hous

ton!

Phoe

nix!

Dalla

s!De

troit!

Tam

pa!

Mia

mi!

San

Anto

nio!

Min

neap

olis!

Pitts

burg

h!Av

erag

e 25

citie

s!

Elec

tric

veh

icle

pro

mot

ion

actio

ns!

Utility!

Infrastructure!

City!

State!

Actions to promote EVs across US cities

6

Preferential charging rate Home charger support Website, inform. materials Cost comparison toolOther utility outreach

EV supply equipment financing City-owned EV chargers US DOE EV Project area Streamlined EVSE permit process PEV-ready building code Workplace charging

Vehicle purchase support Parking supportFleet purchasing Carpool lane (HOV) access Car sharing program link Electric vehicle strategy Website or inform. materials Outreach or education events

ZEV program BEV purchase subsidy PHEV purchase subsidy Fee exemption or exemption Home charger support Public charging supportParking benefit Fleet purchasing incentive Manufacturing incentives Low carbon fuel policy

0!

5!

10!

15!

20!

25!

San

Fran

cisco!

Los A

ngel

es!

San

Dieg

o!Ri

vers

ide!

Was

hing

ton!

Portl

and!

Char

lotte!

New

York!

Phila

delp

hia!

Atla

nta!

Chica

go!

Bost

on!

Denv

er!

Seat

tle!

Hous

ton!

St. L

ouis!

Baltim

ore!

Dalla

s!Ph

oeni

x!Sa

n An

toni

o!De

troit!

Tam

pa!

Mia

mi!

Min

neap

olis!

Pitts

burg

h!Av

erag

e 25

citie

s!Elec

tric

veh

icle

pro

mot

ion

actio

ns!

Utility!

Infrastructure!

City!

State!

http://theicct.org/leading-us-city-electric-vehicle-activities

Europe Region analysis of electric vehicle policy and uptake

Europe electric vehicle policy and deployment comparison

§  Analysis of five European countries, two case study regions in each

8Tietge et al (2016). Comparison of leading electric vehicle policy and deployment in Europe. International Council on Clean Transportation (forthcoming)

EV incentives, charging availability, new vehicle share

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

0% 20% 40% 60%Fiscal incentive for an EV as a percentage of theprice (incl. taxes) of a comparable gasoline car

Chargingpo

intsper1

,000

registered

cars Country

DEFRNLNOUK

EV newcar share

5%10%

15%

20%

Bergen

GermanyUKFrance

Netherlands

Norway

Berlin

Stuttgart

LondonGlasgow

Paris

Poitou-Charentes

Amsterdam

Utrecht

Oslo

0

1

2

3

4

5

0% 20% 40% 60%Fiscal incentive for an EV as a percentage of theprice (incl. taxes) of a comparable gasoline car

Chargingpo

intsper1

,000

registered

cars Country

DEFRNLNOUK

EV newcar share

5%10%

15%

20%

Bergen

GermanyUKFrance

Netherlands

Norway

Berlin

Stuttgart

LondonGlasgow

Paris

Poitou-Charentes

Amsterdam

Utrecht

Oslo

Bergen (20%)

Germany (0.4%)UK (0.6%) France (0.7%)

Netherlands (3.9%)

Norway (13.7%)

Berlin (0.3%)

Stuttgart (0.5%)

London (0.9%)

Glasgow (0.6%)

Paris (1.1%)

Poitou-Charentes (0.5%)

Amsterdam (4.1%)

Utrecht (5%)

Oslo (20%)

0

1

2

3

4

5

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%EV incentive as percent of average baseline vehicle price

Chargingpo

intsper1

,000

registered

cars

CountryDEFRNLNOUK

EV newcar share

1%5%

10%

15%

20%

Tietge et al (2016). Comparison of leading electric vehicle policy and deployment in Europe. International Council on Clean Transportation (forthcoming)

International Electric vehicle incentive design, collaboration

Market

Electric vehicle uptake Incentive design principles

Subs

tant

ial

BEV

Subs

tant

ial

PHEV

Upf

ront

Leas

e

Com

pany

Priv

ate

Dur

able

Sim

ple

California X X / X X X X X

Japan X X / X X X X /

Norway X X X X X X X /

Netherlands X X / X X / / /

United Kingdom X X X X X / X X

France / X X X X X / /

Beijing X / X X X X / X

Sweden / / / X X X / X

Washington X X X X X X X /

Denmark X X X X / X / /

Electric vehicle sales

Electric vehicle share

§  Markets with highest EV sales and EV shares have generally adopted most of the principles for effective incentive design

Effective EV incentive design

11Notes: “X” denotes principle is generally met; “/” denotes principle partially metSource: Yang, et al (2016). Principles for effective electric vehicle incentive design. ICCT (forthcoming)

§  Findings on analysis of electric vehicle incentives§  Electric vehicle sales (circle size) and 2014 shares (vertical axis), and relative cost of electric

vehicle as compared to conventional vehicles after incentives (horizontal axis)

§  Financial incentives matter, but so do many other factors

EV uptake higher where incentives higher (generally)

12Notes: Electric vehicle sales and shares are 2014 new passenger vehiclesSource: Yang, et al (2016). Principles for effective electric vehicle incentive design. ICCT (forthcoming)

13%

14%

-50% 0% 50%

Norway

Annual electric vehicle sales

5,000 10,000 50,000

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

-50% 0% 50%

Elec

tric

veh

icle

sha

re o

f ne

w v

ehic

le s

ales

Electric vehicle cost compared to conventional vehicles (including retail price, incentives, taxes, fees)

CaliforniaShanghai

Netherlands

Beijing

GermanyJapan

Washington

France

Sweden

Denmark

UK

Oregon

2014 electric vehicle sales

§  Collaborate on best-practice policies, action plans §  Set electric-drive vehicle target: All electric by 2050

§  To achieve climate stabilization goals§  To set clear signal for policy and investment

Collaboration: International ZEV Alliance

13

-  British Columbia-  California-  Connecticut-  Germany-  Maryland-  Massachusetts-  Netherlands-  New York-  Norway-  Oregon-  Québec-  Rhode Island-  United Kingdom-  Vermont

International ZEV Alliance: http://zevalliance.orgCOP21 announcement: http://zevalliance.org/content/cop21-2050-announcementMitigation potential: http://zevalliance.org/content/global-ev-2050-ghg-mitigation-potential

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Ligh

t-dut

y ve

hicl

e sa

les

shar

e

Non electric-drive

Plug-in hybrid electric

Battery electric

Hydrogen fuel cell

Conclusions

§  EV promotion actions are accelerating EV adoption§  United States: Incentives, charging, model availability, city non-monetary benefits§  Europe: Incentives, charging infrastructure, complementary local action, etc§  International: Incentives, and incentive design, matter

§  Analysis confirms importance of “ecosystem approach”§  Public charging and consumer incentives work, but more diverse action needed§  Cities, states, utilities, automakers, consumers, local businesses all have roles

§  International collaboration is also important§  Continued learning on best practice policies

14

§  ICCT resources§  Electric vehicle page:

§  http://www.theicct.org/electric-vehicles

§  US city/state electric vehicle incentive analysis§  http://theicct.org/info-tools/us-city-electric-vehicle-profiles (Dec 2015)§  http://theicct.org/leading-us-city-electric-vehicle-activities (July 2015)§  http://theicct.org/supporting-electric-vehicles-US-city-total-cost (October 2015)§  http://theicct.org/evaluation-state-level-us-electric-vehicle-incentives (Oct 2014)

§  International electric vehicle sales and incentives§  http://theicct.org/global-ev-2050-ghg-mitigation-potential (Dec 2015)§  http://theicct.org/transition-global-zero-emission-vehicle-fleet-collaborative-agenda-governments (Sept 2015)§  http://theicct.org/driving-electrification-global-comparison-fiscal-policy-electric-vehicles (May 2014)

§  International Zero Emission Vehicle Alliance§  http://zevalliance.org §  http://zevalliance.org/content/cop21-2050-announcement

15

emerging international best practices to promote electric vehicles · 2016-04-19 · emerging...

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