Emerging Markets For Gold Dot Technology

Faculty

Mike McCarthyDerek Dunn-Rankin

Haris Catrakis

Liaison

William CrumlyGail Miller

James BreunanEric Jensen

Members

John LuongVu Phi

In Mo YeoBudiarto The

MAE 188 -- Engineering Design in Industry

Midterm Design Review

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UCI

Packard-Hughes Interconnect, Irvine

Goal Statement

Identify and evaluate novel candidate product concepts in emerging niche market segments using High Density Gold Dot technology.

SpecificationsProduct Only

Specification MetricImportance (high/low/not important)

Marginal Ideal Date

1 Time to introduce the products into market high 3 years 1 year 10/6/00

2 Annual Growth (sales) high 15% + 10/6/00

3 Sales/year high$ 40

million+ 10/6/00

4 ROI (given spread sheet to calculate value later) high 20% + 10/6/00

5 High density high0.5 mm

pitch0.25 mm

pitch

6Customer satisfaction (gold dot will satisfy the

customer need)low --- --- 10/6/00

7 Awareness (avaliable market) low --- --- 10/6/00

8Access (gain access to vendors and manufacturers;

get to the purchasers)low --- --- 10/6/00

9 Acceptance (meeting specification of the buyer) low --- --- 10/6/00

10 High-end engineering solution (high density gold dot) low --- --- 10/6/00

11 User friendly (can the buyer understand) low --- --- 10/6/00

Market Only

Specification MetricImportance (high/low/not important)

Marginal Ideal Date

1 Profits high 15% 22+% 10/6/00

2 Annual Growth high 10% + 10/6/00

3 Stability (value decrease per year) high -15% 0 10/6/00

High Density Gold Dot Properties

Physical PropertiesArray pitch = 0.25 mmTip radius = 0.0254 mmSurface area of each dot = 0.0084 mm2

Material PropertiesMaximum tip load = 85 gramf

Different precious metals finishing plate possibleThermal Properties

Maximum temperature = 150oCMinimum temperature = -55oC

Electric propertiesCycle frequency

Analog = 5 GHz Digital = 2.5 Gbps

Maximum voltage = 2000 VoltsRF noise insensitive

Gold Dot Pitch, Structure, & Cost

Different PitchesIndividual addressable 0.500 mm pitch Row addressable

Standard dot 0.250 mm pitch Probe dot 0.167 mm pitch

Array addressable 0.100 mm pitch

Cost

Estimated to $ 0.0008 or 8/100 cent

Size / Scale

Airplane

Elephant

Ant

Water Molecule

Red blood cell

Gold Dot

2.78 x 10-10 m

5 x 10-6 m

2.5 x 10-4 m

2 x 10-3 m

4 m

100 m

Skin cells

Sensor

Bulk chemical

MEMS

Basic Technology Areas

MEMSCommunicationMagnetic switchesConnectionSecurity

BiologicalSkin interactionPain management

Electro-Chemical ProcessesIon generationPattern etching

Array SensorsTemperaturePosition Pressure

DisplayPlasma

Electroluminescent

Thermocouple - a temperature-measuring device formed by joining the ends of two strips of dissimilar metals in a closed loop, with the two junctions at different temperatures

Where do Gold Dots apply? each dot can be a thermocouple by coating with two dissimilar metals

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable; allows thermal map of area* smaller sensor

Thermistor - a device that changes its resistance with temperatureWhere do Gold Dots apply?

A temperature-sensitive resistor can be connected between 2 Gold Dots

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable* smaller sensor

Position Sensor - a device that measures changes with locationWhere do Gold Dots apply?

measures electrical changes between dots and ground 2-D fine resolution measurement

What is the advantage of using Gold Dot?* low cost* flexible backing; measure along curved surfaces

Array Sensor

Accelerometer - using a diaphragm to measure the force applied during an acceleration

Where do Gold Dots apply?Replace the diaphragm with a metal beam and

use a row of Gold Dots as a position sensor What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?

* simpler package and setup* longer life

Pressure Sensor - a pressure is applied on a piezoelectric material that sends out a voltage that is linear to its deflection.

Where do Gold Dots apply?Having two layers of Gold Dot face to face and measure the resistance base on their gap.

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individual addressable allow for pressure map* longer life* high resolution

Array Sensor

Plasma Display - the 3 colors of each picture element is emitted from a plasma created by an electric discharge

Where do Gold Dots apply?Gold Dot can replace the electrode that is used to create an electric discharge

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* longer life* simpler packaging* curve surface

Electroluminescent - when an electrical current is passed through a horizontal and vertical wire, a phosphorescent film at the intersection glows, creating a point of light or pixel.

Where do Gold Dots apply? Each Gold Dot becomes the intersection point

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable allow greater control* multiple point simultaneously

Display

Biology & Healthcare: Skin Interaction

Electrolysis (hair-removal) - applying direct current to a hair follicle forming NaOH that destroy hair tissue

Where do Gold Dots apply?An array of Gold Dot will interface with the skin

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* high density - addressing individual hair follicle* painless

Drug delivery - delivering medicines through skinWhere do Gold Dots apply?

An array of Gold Dot will be the activating agentWhat is the advantage of using Gold Dots?

* better penetration by skin thermal expansion* individually addressable

Glucose reading - glucose concentration can be measured by taking sample from skin cell

Where do Gold Dots apply?Gold Dot array could be used to interact with skin

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable allows many samples to be taken

Biology & Healthcare: Pain Management

Electro - acupuncture - by using a low intensity pulse, the acupuncture point is stimulated. Where do Gold Dots apply?

An array of Gold Dot will interface with the skin.What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?

* Individually addressable dot could be used to determined the low resistance acupuncture point

* simultaneous acupuncture

Electro Muscle Stimulation (EMS) - induces muscle contraction by stimulating nerves and muscles; create electrical field in body tissue to stimulate healing process. At the same time, tone and build up muscle

Where do Gold Dots apply?An array of Gold Dot will interface with the skin

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* Individually addressable dot could direct current along muscles and nerves pattern.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) - low frequency stimulates body to produce its own natural pain control mechanism (endorphins); high frequency blocks the pain signal traveling to the brain

Where do Gold Dots apply?An array of Gold Dot will interface with the skin.

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* Individually addressable dot could control the frequency at different area of the skin

Electrolysis - This process uses electricity to break up the water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen.

Where do Gold Dots apply?A Strip of Gold Dot will be the electrode delivering the electricity to the water

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* increase surface area* localize high voltage concentration at tip

Electro-Chemical Processes: Ion Generation

Corona discharge – High voltage applied at a sharp tip will produce an electric corona ,which will breakup and oxidize nearby molecules to form ions.

Where do Gold Dots apply?The Gold Dots will be the electrode that create the corona

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* reliability* individually addressable and row addressable allow for more control of where and how much of ions is forms

Electroplating - This is a process uses oxidation and reduction to transfer a metal from the anode to the cathode in an electrolyte solution.

Where do Gold Dots apply?A strip of Gold Dots will be the anode

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* flexible backing allow uniform plating along curved

surfaces* individually addressable dots allow plating a pattern

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) - is technique of removing metal by means of spark erosion

Where do Gold Dots apply?A strip of Gold Dots will be the electrode that apply the charge

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* individually addressable dot allow pattern cut* an array of dot allow the process to be quicker

Electro-Chemical Processes: Pattern Etching

Re-Configurable Antenna - An antenna that could have a variable receiver/transmitter that could receive/send at different frequencies

Where do Gold Dots apply?An array of Gold Dots will be the antenna; depending on the Gold Dot pair that is activated, we could receive/transmit different wavelengths

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* remove moving parts that require robust packaging* faster response* longer life

Magnetic Micro-Relay - A current is applied to copper coils causing FeNi to be magnetized which closes the gold contacts

Where do Gold Dots apply?Gold Dot array would replace the copper coils and the contacts

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* simpler (no coils)* durable, robust

MEMS

MEMS Connector - pins are currently used as the connecting medium for MEMS devices

Where do Gold Dots apply?Gold Dots will simply replace the pins as connector

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* smaller, space savings* more durable, robust

Smart Locking Key – non duplicable key with Gold Dots as the contact to the door and utilizing MEMS micro actuator to unlock door for home security system

What is the advantage of using Gold Dots?* non duplicable, individually addressable gold dot* able to make the standard key smaller and lighter

MEMS

Potential MarketsMarket value

($ Million)

Location of

market

Projected growth

(%)

Estimated # of product

sold

Estimated # of

Gold dots / item

Estimated Gold Dots Sates ($ million)

Connector

(fine pitch)1,000 US 17.0% 1,000,000 100 0.1

Array sensors (temperature)

1,880 World Wide 8.0% 50,000,000 1,000 40.0

Array sensors

(pressure)2,790 World Wide 16.0% 30,000,000 1,000 24.0

Array sensors (gaming)

300 US 30.0% 1,000,000 20,000 16.0

Display (plasma)250 US % 100,000 250,000 20.0

Biosensor (diabetes)

1,000 World Wide 21.0% 16,000,000 2,500 32.0

Ion generation (hydrogen)

60 US 20.0% 1,000 16,000,000 12.8

Electro discharge (EDM)

236 US 3.0% 10,000 360,000 2.9

MEMS (antenna)

8,500 US 40.0% 100,000,000 8,000 640.0

MEMS (home security)

16,000 US 7.0% 1,660,000 10,000 13.3

MEMS (connector)

78 US 40.0% 77,600,000 24 1.5

DownselectionSensor/actuator Biological

Electro-chemical process

MEMS Connector

Market Size + 0 - + 0

Competition - 0 + - 0

Utilize Gold Dot features

0 + 0 + 0

Market Growth

+ + 0 + 0

Consumable Component (Disposable)

0 + + 0 0

Engineering cost

- - - - 0

Sum of +'s 2 3 2 3 0

Sum of 0's 0 2 2 1 6

Sum of -'s 2 1 2 2 0

Net Score 0 2 0 1 0

Rank 3 1 3 2 3

Recommended Market Areas

The biological market is the most promising for Gold Dot technology application

MEMS and the combined array sensor market also show high potential for Gold Dot devices

Proposed New Goal Statement

Develop a conceptual design and application for a product in the Biological market that uses Gold Dot technology

Proposed Time Line

Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10

Final Presentation

Develop Specifications

Apply Gold Dot technology

Generate Conceptual designs

Select optimal designs

Week 11

Summary

We have researched 21 possible products from 4 areas:

SensorsBiological/HealthcareChemical processingMEMS

We propose that the best market for Gold Dot penetration is in the Biological sensor market