Emissions Emissions Inventory (EI)Inventory (EI)

James PayneJames Payne

Environmental Protection Environmental Protection DepartmentDepartment

Morongo Band of Mission Morongo Band of Mission IndiansIndians

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What is an Emissions What is an Emissions Inventory?Inventory?

Two-part process involving Two-part process involving

identificationidentification of potential emission of potential emission

sourcessources and then calculating and then calculating

estimatedestimated quantities of pollutants quantities of pollutants

emittedemitted by those sources by those sources

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Purpose of Purpose of Emissions InventoryEmissions Inventory

Identify sources of air emissionsIdentify sources of air emissions Quantify estimated emissions from Quantify estimated emissions from

sources sources Establish baseline for future air-related Establish baseline for future air-related

activitiesactivities MonitoringMonitoring Updated EIs Updated EIs PSD classificationPSD classification Permitting or compliance activitiesPermitting or compliance activities

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Uses of Emissions Uses of Emissions InventoryInventory

Provides key portion of general environmental Provides key portion of general environmental

assessment assessment

Demonstrate contribution of tribal lands to local Demonstrate contribution of tribal lands to local

emissionsemissions

Develop emissions control strategies Develop emissions control strategies

Assist in locating ambient monitoring sites and selecting Assist in locating ambient monitoring sites and selecting

monitoring equipmentmonitoring equipment

Assist in filling EI data gap by reporting to National Assist in filling EI data gap by reporting to National

Emissions Inventory (NEI) databaseEmissions Inventory (NEI) database

When repeated, can indicate effects of economic When repeated, can indicate effects of economic

development and tribal air programdevelopment and tribal air program

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Uses of EI (cont.)Uses of EI (cont.)

Assist in “Major Source” determination, Assist in “Major Source” determination, permits, and compliance evaluationspermits, and compliance evaluations HAPS / MACTHAPS / MACT Title VTitle V

New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Emissions TradingEmissions Trading Toxic Release InventoryToxic Release Inventory

Environmental AuditsEnvironmental Audits Pollution preventionPollution prevention

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Inventory StepsInventory Steps

Source identificationSource identification Emissions Inventory Preparation Plan (IPP)Emissions Inventory Preparation Plan (IPP)

QA/QC important from early onQA/QC important from early on Must identify use of data to know type to be Must identify use of data to know type to be

collectedcollected

Inspection to verify sources/emissionsInspection to verify sources/emissions Emission estimates/calculationsEmission estimates/calculations Presentation/use of resultsPresentation/use of results

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What should be What should be inventoried?inventoried?

Point sourcesPoint sources Process ventsProcess vents BoilersBoilers Incinerator stacksIncinerator stacks

Mobile sourcesMobile sources Cars & trucksCars & trucks Trains, boats, aircraftsTrains, boats, aircrafts Heavy equipmentHeavy equipment Recreational vehiclesRecreational vehicles

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What should be What should be inventoried? (cont.)inventoried? (cont.)

Fugitive, area/non-point sourcesFugitive, area/non-point sources Open burningOpen burning Wild/controlled forest fires Wild/controlled forest fires Biogenic emissions (vegetation, soils)Biogenic emissions (vegetation, soils) Woodstoves & other fuel combustionWoodstoves & other fuel combustion Agricultural practicesAgricultural practices Paved & unpaved roadsPaved & unpaved roads Small sources (drycleaners, paint shops, Small sources (drycleaners, paint shops,

gas stations, other)gas stations, other)

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MorongoMorongoScope of Emissions Scope of Emissions

Inventory 1999 & 2007Inventory 1999 & 2007

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MorongoMorongoScope of Emissions Scope of Emissions

Inventory 1999 & Inventory 1999 & 20072007

Sulfur Dioxide (SOSulfur Dioxide (SO22) ) / SOx/ SOx

Nitrogen Oxides (NO & NONitrogen Oxides (NO & NO22) ) / NOx/ NOx

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Carbon Monoxide (CO) / CO/ CO Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) / VOC’s/ VOC’s Particulate Matter Particulate Matter << 10 µm (PM 10 µm (PM1010) ) / (PM/ (PM1010))

Particulate Matter Particulate Matter << 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 µm (PM2.52.5))

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Where do I start?Where do I start?

Identify sources impacting your reservation; internal Identify sources impacting your reservation; internal

and externaland external

Identify areas of concern if inventorying entire Identify areas of concern if inventorying entire

reservation is not feasiblereservation is not feasible

EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI Data)EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI Data)

““Windshield survey”Windshield survey”

““Phonebook survey”Phonebook survey”

““Household questionnaires” or door-to-door pollingHousehold questionnaires” or door-to-door polling

Obtain a copy of ITEP’s Tribal Emissions Inventory Obtain a copy of ITEP’s Tribal Emissions Inventory

Software Solution (TEISS)Software Solution (TEISS)

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Information GatheredInformation Gathered

Existing data (from sources, air pollution Existing data (from sources, air pollution

control authorities, dept. of transportation, control authorities, dept. of transportation,

permits, other information sources)permits, other information sources)

Description/location of all sources and Description/location of all sources and

related equipment & processesrelated equipment & processes

Modeling parameters (if used)Modeling parameters (if used)

Other information needed for calculations Other information needed for calculations

based on AP-42 or TEISSbased on AP-42 or TEISS

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Information Gathered Information Gathered (cont.)(cont.)

Point/Stationary sourcesPoint/Stationary sources Process flow diagram Process flow diagram

Make-up of individual exhaust streamsMake-up of individual exhaust streams

Gas flow ratesGas flow rates

Control device efficiencies (if applicable)Control device efficiencies (if applicable)

Material use types and quantitiesMaterial use types and quantities

Operating schedules (24/7, seasonal, event)Operating schedules (24/7, seasonal, event)

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Information Gathered Information Gathered (cont.)(cont.)

Mobile sourcesMobile sources Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Road surface typesRoad surface types Vehicle types & useVehicle types & use Off-road sources (use)Off-road sources (use)

Area/Non-point sourcesArea/Non-point sources Types of operations/emissionsTypes of operations/emissions ““Activity data” needed to calculate emissionsActivity data” needed to calculate emissions Pollution-management practicesPollution-management practices

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Information Gathered: Information Gathered: ExamplesExamples

Cords of wood burned per yearCords of wood burned per year Number of acres tilled per yearNumber of acres tilled per year Miles of dirt/paved roadsMiles of dirt/paved roads Number of vehicles using sections of roadNumber of vehicles using sections of road Tons of gravel processedTons of gravel processed Number of hours burn barrels are used per Number of hours burn barrels are used per

yearyear Gallons of solvent purchased/recycledGallons of solvent purchased/recycled

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Morongo Internal and Morongo Internal and External SourcesExternal Sources

MOBILE SOURCESMOBILE SOURCES Passenger cars, trucks and motorcyclesPassenger cars, trucks and motorcycles

Local roadsLocal roads FreewayFreeway Weigh StationWeigh Station

Municipal AirportMunicipal Airport TrainsTrains

AREA/NON-POINT SOURCESAREA/NON-POINT SOURCES Small sources spread throughout an areaSmall sources spread throughout an area

HeatersHeaters GeneratorsGenerators Wood stoves and fireplacesWood stoves and fireplaces QuarriesQuarries Wind blown dust from unpaved roadsWind blown dust from unpaved roads Outdoor burning activities (ceremonial fires, trash burning)Outdoor burning activities (ceremonial fires, trash burning)

STATIONARY SOURCESSTATIONARY SOURCES Industrial and commercial facilitiesIndustrial and commercial facilities

Cogeneration facility (x2)Cogeneration facility (x2)

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Cogeneration FacilityCogeneration Facility

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Rock Quarry/Asphalt Rock Quarry/Asphalt PlantPlant

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Diesel GeneratorsDiesel Generators

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Forest FiresForest Fires

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Quantify EmissionsQuantify Emissions

Stack tests and continuous emission Stack tests and continuous emission monitors (CEMs)monitors (CEMs) Most accurateMost accurate ExpensiveExpensive Data evaluation requires expertiseData evaluation requires expertise

Engineering estimationsEngineering estimations Not based on specific studiesNot based on specific studies Best judgmentBest judgment

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Quantify Emissions Quantify Emissions (cont.)(cont.)

Material balancesMaterial balances ““What goes in must come out” philosophyWhat goes in must come out” philosophy

Not applicable to all pollutants (eg., NONot applicable to all pollutants (eg., NOx,x,, O, O33))

Example: use of purchase records and RCRA Example: use of purchase records and RCRA

disposal records to compute emissions of disposal records to compute emissions of

perchloroethylene (dry cleaning solvent)perchloroethylene (dry cleaning solvent)

Air emissionsAir emissions = (amount of PERC = (amount of PERC

purchased) –purchased) –

(amount of PERC waste disposed of)(amount of PERC waste disposed of)

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Emissions FactorsEmissions Factors

Pre-determined ratios/numbers used to calculate Pre-determined ratios/numbers used to calculate emissionsemissions

AP-42 (Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission AP-42 (Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, U.S. EPA)Factors, U.S. EPA) Conservative estimationsConservative estimations Based on specific studiesBased on specific studies Many emission factors published, availableMany emission factors published, available

Other sources of emissions factorsOther sources of emissions factors FIRE databaseFIRE database State/local air pollution control districtsState/local air pollution control districts

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Reporting/UpdatesReporting/Updates

Target audienceTarget audience

Narrative report with tables of categorized Narrative report with tables of categorized

resultsresults

Sensitive data may/may not be includedSensitive data may/may not be included

Update as necessary or every 5 yearsUpdate as necessary or every 5 years

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Conclusions from Morongo Conclusions from Morongo 1999 & 2007 Inventory1999 & 2007 Inventory

Trains and I-10 traffic contribute almost all of SOTrains and I-10 traffic contribute almost all of SO22 and NO and NOxx emissions both On- and Off-Reservation;emissions both On- and Off-Reservation;

I-10 traffic contributes most of CO and ROG emissions in I-10 traffic contributes most of CO and ROG emissions in the Study Area, followed by local traffic and heating, both the Study Area, followed by local traffic and heating, both On- and Off-Reservation;On- and Off-Reservation;

Local traffic was the primary source of PM10 and PM2.5 Local traffic was the primary source of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions in 1999, both On- and Off-Reservation. This effect emissions in 1999, both On- and Off-Reservation. This effect is caused mostly by travel on unpaved roadsis caused mostly by travel on unpaved roads

I-10 traffic was the primary source of PM10 in I-10 traffic was the primary source of PM10 in 20072007. .

On-Reservation and Off-Reservation emissions are similar in On-Reservation and Off-Reservation emissions are similar in magnitude.magnitude.

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Recap of Morongo EIRecap of Morongo EI

Previous EIPrevious EI Used TEISS to identify new and existing Used TEISS to identify new and existing

sourcessources Using consultant to quantify specific Using consultant to quantify specific

emissions from generatorsemissions from generators Data used as a comparison to evaluate Data used as a comparison to evaluate

sources and concernssources and concerns

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Questions/DiscussionQuestions/Discussion

I’m still very sorry about

that…