emmanuel brunet-jailly [email protected] historical overview of european integration

EMMANUEL BRUNET-JAILLYebrunet j@uvic .ca

Historical Overview of European Integration

Member States of the European Union

Candidate countries and potential candidates

The European Union – today EU 28


1945-59 Peaceful Europe/starting cooperation

1960-69 – Economic growth1970-79 – A growing community – first

enlargement1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin

Wall1990-99 – Europe without frontiers2000-09 – Further expansion2010 – today – A decade of challenges

Six_Member states - 1951


1945-59 Peaceful Europe/starting cooperation The IIWW Council of Europe/six want to go further 1950 Robert Schuman proposes deeper

cooperation (May 9 Europe Day) 1951 - Coal and Steel communities 1957 – expand cooperation in Atomic energy and

other economic sectors – Treaty of Rome creates the Common Market (European Economic Community) Free movement of people, goods and services


1960-69 – Economic growth 1962 – Common Agriculture Policy – to grow

enough food across the members to be self sufficient

1963 – Partnership with Africa, Caribbean and Pacific – links development and human rights

1968 – Custom duties – world largest trading group


1945-59 – A peaceful Europe – Starting cooperation

1960-69 – Economic growth1970-79 – A growing community/first



9_Member states -1973


1970-79 – A growing community/first enlargement 1972 – Single Currency – Le ‘Serpent Monétaire

Européen’ – or European Rate Mechanism (ERM) (baby euro)

1973 – Denmark, Ireland and UK join-in 1974 European Regional Development Funds 1979 European Parliament directly elected (first

pan-European groups: socialist, conservative, liberal, greens)




enlargement1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of

Berlin Wall1990-99 – Europe without frontiers2000-09 – Further expansion2010 – today – A decade of challenges

10_Member states - 1981


1980-89 – The changing Europe/Fall of Berlin Wall 1981 Greece – a new member 1984 – first research and development programs 1986 – Portugal and Spain join-in 1986 – Single European Act –takes-on the

weaknesses of the EEC (Common Market) to further integration: core institutions are empowered.

1987 – Erasmus policies – 2 million students study away from home

1989 – fall of Berlin wall – East and West Germany join


1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 1992 Treaty of European Union (Maastricht):

single currency (EURO), foreign and security policy, justice and home affairs. The European Union exists: Anthem: http

://europa.eu/about-eu/basic-information/symbols/anthem/index_en.htm

Moto Flag

http://europa.eu/about-eu/basic-information/symbols/anthem/index_en.htm




The EU symbols

The European flag

The European anthem

The euro Europe Day, 9 May

The motto: United in diversity


1990-99 – Europe without frontiers 1993 - Single market: four freedoms: goods,

services, people and money 1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden 1995 – Schengen - no passports 1997 – New reforms of EU with Amsterdam –

employment and human rights 1999 – the Euro is introduced

27_Member states 2007


2000-09 – Further expansion 2002 - Euro notes and coins arrive 2003 - Expansion of EU citizen rights (freedom,

security and justice) 2004 – eight new countries join-in – EU 25! 2007 – two additional countries join-in – EU 27! 2007 – Lisbon treaty – enhances democratic

principles and regroup all treaties – a ‘failed’ constitutional treaty.

2008 – economic crisis!


2010 – today – A decade of challenges 2011 – EU adopts Euro Plus Pact / economic

coordination / ability to lend up to 500 billion (Greece 65 billion)

2013 – Croatia joins-in – EU 28 2014 – New president Jean Claude Junker and all

commissioners are former elected officials of E members – first time ever!

2014 – New commission proposes a 315 billions growth plan to create 1.3 million jobs

Population in millions, 2014

EU China India Japan Russia United States

506

1537

1252

127 144

316

EU population compared with World

2013 GDP per inhabitant

Index where the average of the 28 EU countries is 100

Luxem

bou

rg

Au

stri

a

Neth

erl

an

ds

Sw

ed

en

Irela

nd

Den

mark

Germ

an

y

Belg

ium

Fin

lan

d

Fra

nce

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

Italy

Sp

ain

Malt

a

Cyp

rus

Slo

ven

ia

Cze

ch R

ep

ub

lic

Slo

vakia

Port

ug

al

Gre

ece

Lith

uan

ia

Est

on

ia

Pola

nd

Hu

ng

ary

Latv

ia

Cro

ati

a

Rom

an

ia

Bu

lgari

a

264

129

127

127

126

125

124

119

112

108

106

98

95

87

86

83

80

76

75

75

74

72

68

67

67

61

54

47

GDP per inhabitant in EU

2015 EU budget: €145.3 billion

= 1.02 % of gross national income

Global Europe: including development aid

6 %

Other, administration6 %

Smart and inclusive growth: jobs, competitiveness, regional development46 %

Security and citizenship, justice2 %

Sustainable growth – natural resources:

agriculture, environment40 %

EU BUDGET 2015

Solidarity in practice: the EU cohesion policy

• Regional fund

• Social fund

• Cohesion fund

Less-developed regions: GDP per capita under 75% of the EU average Transition regions: GDP per capita between 75% and 90% of the EU average More-developed regions: GDP per capita over 90% of the EU average

2014-2020: €352 billion invested in infrastructure, business, environment and training of workers for the benefit of poorer regions and citizens

Spending on research and development in 2012 (% of GDP)

EU EU objective 2020

China Japan United States

2.1%

3.0%

1.8%

3.3%

2.7%

EU investment in Research

Federalism or Empire?

Past EU president Barroso talks about what the EU is;

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-I8M1T-GgRU&feature=channel

emmanuel brunet-jailly [email protected] historical overview of european integration

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