Emotion

RAK College of Dental ScienceVI Semester BDS

2011Dr. Amal Jamal Shehata

Associate Professor1psychology

Introduction

Emotions is defined as a subjective response that is usually accompanied by a physiological and behavioral change.

It is an outward expression of feelings and aroused by external stimuli.

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Operational definitions

Affect A broad range of feelings that people experience.

Affect can be experienced in the form of emotions or moods.

AFFECT

EMOTIONSIntense feelings directed

toward someone or something

MOODSLess intense

feelings that lack a specific cause or

stimulus

Parts of EmotionsSubjective feelings.Emotional expression.Physiological expression.Interpretation of emotion.

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Subjective feelingsThere are what one believe he/she feels and others can not see what are feelings.

Emotional expressionExpressing our feelings in different

ways.

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Expressed Emotion People more speedily detect an angry

face than a happy one (Ohman, 2001a)

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Experienced Emotion

Infants’ naturally occurring emotions

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Expressed EmotionsJust how many emotions are there?

When shown groups of simplified faces (without labels) the angry and scheming faces “jumped

out” at people faster than sad, happy, or neutral faces.

An ability to rapidly detect threatening expressions

(adapted from Tipples, Atkinson & Young, 2002).

Expressed Emotions

Expressed Emotion

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The Expressive Component Nonverbal Communication

The Facial EMG

Electrodes placed on the face record activity in various muscles.

Positive emotions increase activity in cheeks.

Negative emotions increase activity in forehead and brow areas.

Electromyograph (EMG)

Expressed Emotion Gender and expressiveness

Men Women

Sad Happy ScaryFilm Type

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14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Numberof

expressions

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Physiological arousalAutonomic nervous system controls

physiological arousal

Sympatheticdivision (arousing)

Pupils dilate

Decreases

Perspires

Increases

Accelerates

Inhibits

Secrete stresshormones

Parasympatheticdivision (calming)

Pupils contract

Increases

Dries

Decreases

Slows

Activates

Decreasessecretion of

stress hormones

EYES

SALIVATION

SKIN

RESPIRATION

HEART

DIGESTION

ADRENALGLANDS

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Interpretation Of Emotion

A smiling person is interpreted as happy person by another person.

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Happiness is...Researchers Have Found ThatHappy People Tend to

Have high self-esteem (in individualistic countries)

Be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable

Have close friendships or a satisfyingmarriage

Have work and leisure that engagetheir skills

Have a meaningful religious faith

Sleep well and exercise

However, Happiness Seems Not MuchRelated to Other Factors, Such as

Age

Gender (women are more often depressed, but also more often joyful)

Education levels

Parenthood (having children or not)

Physical attractiveness

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Measurement of Emotions

Three ways to measure emotions:1. Introspective reportsTo identify the internal and

external changes that a person undergoes on joy ,fear ,sorrow etc. and also helps to describe what the person was feelings.

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Measurement of Emotions2. Observation of facial expression .To identify which emotion experienced

by looking to one facial expression.

Ie .face is the index of mind.3.Measurment physiological

changes in emotion.Nowadays we have techniques to

measure Bl. Pressure, Bl. Volume and heart rate.

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Theories of Emotion

Does your heart pound because you are afraid... or are you afraid because you feel your heart pounding?

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James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Fear(emotion)

Poundingheart

(arousal)

Sight of oncoming

car(perception of

stimulus)

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Cannon-BardTheory of Emotion

Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: physiological

responses subjective

experience of emotion

Sight of oncoming

car(perception of

stimulus)

Poundingheart

(arousal)

Fear(emotion)

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Cognition and Emotion The brain’s shortcut for emotions

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Experienced Emotion

The Amygdalea neural key to

fear learning.

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Emotions and Disease

Good emotions constitute a great power for good health. Unpleasant emotion disturbed the whole body.

Many physical complaint are related to the patients psychological reaction to life. such as peptic ulcer , skin disease ,asthma are caused by reactions to emotional stress (psychosomatic illness).

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Mind-Body Interaction

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Relevance of studying emotions in psychology for dentist

As a dentist , I should be concern with the expression and control of emotion on myself and in others.

The dentist will be more productive if she /he is controlled her emotion and mature in her/his behavior. This will be done through self understanding measures and use of stress management techniques.

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Relevance of studying emotions in psychology for dentist

Empathetic listening is important for the dentist to people with emotional distress.

Express patient feelings will provide an opportunity to demonstrate emotional support through psychotherapy or counseling .

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