en summit report

8/9/2019 en Summit Report

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By: Arevalo, Bayot, Benitez, Dy and

Escobar


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First step to the Convention was adopted in

UN, New York may 9th 1992

It was then opened for signatories at Rio de

Janeiro from June 4th 14th 1992 wherein byJune 20 1992 up to June 19, 1993, the

convention had 166 members as signatories.

The convention entered into force in March

21st 1994 and still welcomed other countrieswho havent signed yet beyond that date.


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FCCC was ratified by 193 countries

FCCC, sets an overall framework for

intergovernmental efforts to tackle

challenges regarding climate change sincethe climate system is a shared resource

whose stability can be affected by industrial

wastes, CO2 emissions and GHGs.

UNFCCC.pdf


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The Copenhagen Accord

document that delegates at the United Nations

Climate Change Conference (UNCCC) agreed to

"take note of" at the final plenary session of theConference on 18 December 2009 (COP-15).

It is a draft COP decision and, when approved, is

operational immediately.

copenhagen accord.pdf


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The Berlin Mandate in 1995 This voiced out the concerns of countries adequacies in their

commitment in the convention and negotiated actions forcountries to pick from in addressing climate change which willbe helpful for them.

Geneva, Switzerland in 1996 Took place in July of 1996 which called for a legally binding

targets

The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change in 1997

Buenos Aires in 1998 The meeting was made to finalize the issues of the Kyoto

Protocol. However, because of its difficulties, the partiesadopted a 2 year plan of action to be completed by the year2000

Bonn, Germany in 1999 Took place between October 25 and November 25, 2000 and

the meeting did not reach any major conclusions.


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The Hague, Netherlands in 2000 This meeting tackled about the disagreements of

countries who failed to meet their emissionreduction targets and resolved how the

developing countries could obtain financialassistance in dealing with climate change as wellas reducing its greenhouse gasses.

Bonn, Germany 2001 The US rejected the protocol in March. However,

there are agreements that had been made duringthis meeting and it includes Flexible Mechanismswhich allowed the developed countries to givefund to the developing countries, Carbon Sinks,Compliance and Financing.


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Marrakech, Morocco in 2001 Decisions are made such as: Accounting flexible mechanisms

Reviewing the adequacies of the commitments forthe future developing countries

Emissions trading among parties of the protocol

New Delhi, India which took place fromOctober 23 to November 1, 2002

Milan, Italy which took place fromDecember 1 to December 12, 2003

Buenos Aires, Argentina took place fromDecember 6 17, 2004


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Montreal, Canada in 2005

Agreements were made to extend the Kyoto

Protocol beyond the 2012 expiration date and

discuss deeper reductions on greenhouse-gasemission

Nairobi, Kenya in 2006

Bali, Indonesia in 2007

The Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-termCooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-

LCA) was made as a subsidiary body to negotiate

its aims at enhancing the implementation of the

Convention up to and beyond 2012.


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Poznan, Poland in 2008

Agreed to help the poor nations in coping with

the effects of climate change

Copenhagen, Denmark in 2009 A political accord was notable referring to a

collective commitment of developed countries

for additional resources such as investments and

forestry.


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The Kyoto Protocol was signed and ratified by187 countries and was adopted on December 11,1997 in Kyoto, Japan and came into forceFebruary 16, 2005

The protocols objective is to establish a legallybinding agreement and to reduce the greenhousegases which causes global warming

The focus of the agreement id to reduce thegreen house gasses (carbon dioxide, nitrousoxide, methane and sulfur hexafluoride) of 5.2%from 1990 by 2012 in which the industrializedcountries (Annex I countries) had committedupon.


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The five major concepts of the Kyotoprotocol are: Establishing a committee to enforce commitment

to the Kyoto protocol

Lessening its impacts to the developing countriesby making an adaptation fund for climate change

Reviewing, reporting and accounting to keep theintegrity of the Kyoto protocol

Meeting the protocols objectives to prepare forpolicies and measures to reduce GHG.

Commitments to reduce the GHGs that are legallybinding and the commitment also of all memberstate.


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The 15th COP was heldat Copenhagen,Denmark on the 7th to18th of December

2009 UN climate

conference inCopenhagen is taskedwith framing a new

deal for tacklingglobal warming andits impacts beyond2012.


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Successor of theKyoto Protocol

MAIN GOAL: establishan ambitious global

climate agreementfor the period from2012 (after theexpiration of theKyoto Protocol)

Drafted by the UnitedStates, China, Brazil,India and South Africa


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On November 14, 2009 NY Times announced

that Obama and other Heads of State wanted

to put off the climate change agreement

Instead, they wanted the 15th COPs missionto achieve a politically binding agreement

that would punt the most difficult issues into

the future.

A binding agreement for the post-Kyotoperiod did not arise from the meeting.


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A 13 paragraph 'political accord' was agreed

by most of the parties

However, the agreement was just noted by

the COP due to lack of consensus The accord was notable in that it referred to

a collective commitment by developed

countries for new and additional resources,

including forestry and investments throughinternational institutions, that will approach

USD 30 billion for the period 2010 - 2012.


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The negotiations on extending the Kyoto

Protocol had unresolved issues as did the

negotiations on a framework for long-term

cooperative action. The working groups on these tracks to the

negotiations are now due to report to COP

(conference of the parties) 16 and MOP

(meeting of parties) 6 in Mexico.


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The accord itself is not legally binding

No decision was taken on whether to agree a

legally binding successor or complement to

the Kyoto Protocol. The accord sets no real targets to achieve in

emissions reductions.

The accord was drafted by only five

countries.

The deadline for assessment of the accord

was drafted as 6 years, by 2015.


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The mobilization of 100 billion dollars per year

to developing countries will not be fully in place

until 2020.

There is no guarantee or information on wherethe climate funds will come from.

There is no agreement on how much individual

countries would contribute to or benefit from

any funds.

COP delegates only "took note" of the Accord

rather than adopting it

The head of the G77 has said it will only secure

the economic security of a few nations.


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There is not an international approach to

technology.

Forgets fundamental sectoral mitigation, as

transportation. It shows biases in silent ways such as the

promotion of incentives on low gas- emitting

countries.


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They didnt achieve any binding treaty due

to the unyielding stand of the developed and

the developing states

In the end, what was achieved was theunbinding Copenhagen Accord which is a

mutual understanding between states to:

Lessen carbon emission of at least 3% per year

and on the global temperature Transfer of technology and assistance of the

developed and non-developed states


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In the end of the summit some are still

hopeful that on the 16th Conference of

Parties in Mexico, a change in policy or

treaty between the states can be made

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