end-cretaceous and whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachpaleobiology/...end-cretaceous mass...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Paleontology!University of Wisconsin – Madison Andrew A. Zaffos April 25, 2016
End-Cretaceous and Whales
![Page 2: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct
n This number is actually a very crude estimate. It is based on the number of fossil families that go extinct, and then multiplying that number by the species in analogous families today.
n Dinosaurs n All “22”-orders [a lot] of non-avian dinosaurs go extinct.
n “Non-Dinosaur Dinosaurs” n Pterosaurs n Plesiosaurs n Mosasaurs
n Marine Invertebrates n Rudist bivalves n Ammonites
n Plants n Cycads [dead clade walking] n Lycopods [dead clade walking]
![Page 3: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Triggers and Kill Mechanisms
![Page 4: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Who is winning?
~ 5,000
~ 10,000
![Page 5: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The progression of reefs
![Page 6: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The progression of reefs
![Page 7: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The progression of reefs
![Page 8: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why are horns so for reefs?
![Page 9: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The plants that barely pull through
![Page 10: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dead clades walking
![Page 11: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Outstanding questions about DCWs n Would these clades have declined even without the mass extinction?
n Why don’t more clades show a dead clade walking effect?
n Why are there spatial patterns in the frequency of Dead Clades Walking?
n What is it about the post-extinction world that stops DCWs from recovering? n Environmental? n Biological?
![Page 12: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Whales! Whales Whales! n Whales have a suite of unique features that set them apart from other
mammals. n Absence of rear legs (remember all mammals are tetrapods!) n Front limbs shaped like paddles (remember we’re all lobe-finned fish!) n A flattened tail n A blowhole (a nostril on the top of the head) n A super short neck n Special ears for listening underwater n Stronger spinal column to anchor the swimming muscles of the tail.
![Page 13: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Two Types of Whales
![Page 14: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Odontocetes (toothed whales)
n Simple conical, curved, and smooth teeth.
n Most mammals have much more complex teeth.
![Page 15: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mysticetes (filter feeding)
![Page 16: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The progression of whale evolution
![Page 17: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Ear
![Page 18: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The fins came next
![Page 19: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Probably lived more like a Hippo or Croc
![Page 20: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Shortening of legs and lengthening tail
![Page 21: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nostril moves back
![Page 22: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Side eye and fluke
![Page 23: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The leg disappears
![Page 24: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Leg memory is still a thing n A dolphin with two extra back
legs.
n Found in Japan in 2006
n Goldschmidt and hopeful monsters.
n Allometry? Evo-Devo?
![Page 25: End-Cretaceous and Whalesteststrata.geology.wisc.edu/teachPaleobiology/...End-Cretaceous mass extinction n Approximately 75% of species go extinct n This number is actually a very](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060208/5f0437797e708231d40ce390/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)