endau hills water tower

Kenya Water Towers Agency

Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan

PLAN PERIOD 2019 -2029

Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan04

Published by:

Kenya Water Towers Agency,Directorate of Ecosystem Assessment Planning and Audit,NHIF Building, 15th floor, Ragati Road,P.O. Box 42903 -00100,NAIROBI.

©2018

All rights reserved: Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copy right holder

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FOREWORD

Kenya Water Towers Agency was established through the Kenya Gazette Notice No. 27 of 20th April 2012. The mandate of KWTA is to coordinate and oversee protection, conservation and rehabilitation of water tower ecosystems across the country. In pursuit of this mandate, KWTA has gazetted 18 water towers in Kenya and identified 70 more water towers for gazettement. KWTA has provided leadership in coordinating sustainable management of water towers by initiating and strengthening partnerships and linkages for comprehensive and integrated management of natural resources in the water tower ecosystems. As such,

Ecosystem management planning offers a perfect decision support tool for effective, efficient and integrated sustainable natural resource management in the water towers

KWTA plays a critical role of developing and disseminating Ecosystem Management Plans (EMP) for water towers. The Ecosystem Management Plans are expected to contribute towards attainment of the KWTA’s Vision and the President’s BIG 4 agenda in the medium term, the “The Kenya Vision 2030” and other international commitments such as the Sustainable Development Goals in the long term. Thus, the preparation of Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan offers an excellent opportunity for the Agency to exercise its mandate in coordinating sustainable management of water towers in the country to ensure they optimally supply required ecosystem goods and services at local, national and international levels. It therefore gives me great pleasure to be a part of this process, which will lead to sustainable management of Endau Hills Water Tower, and ultimately all other water towers in the country.

Isaac P. Kalua, PhD, CBS, Board Chairman, KENYAWATER TOWER AGENCY

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Kenya Water Towers Agency is mandated to coordinate the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable management of water towers in the country. Anchored in its mission of being the global leader in the management of water towers, KWTA commits to providing exceptional leadership towards sustainable management of water towers for socio-economic development. The achievement of this mission requires multiagency coordination and collaboration, financial investment, enabling policy and legal environment and development of appropriate

decision support tools such as Ecosystem Management Plans. Ecosystem Management Plans are suitable decision support tools that offer the right trajectory for integrated management of natural resources in water towers.

Water Towers in Kenya face various threats and challenges that compromise their capacity to provide required ecosystem goods and services and KWTA intends to provide management support through the development of Ecosystem Management Plans. The development of Ecosystem Management Plans is a participatory planning and learning process involving a wide range of stakeholders involved in management of water tower ecosystems. Development of Endau Hills Ecosystem Management Plan is a timely action and is set to address threats and challenges that hinder proper functioning of Endau Hills water tower.

This Ecosystem Management Plan provides the perfect impetus for a 10-year conservation, protection and rehabilitation process for the Endau Hills water tower. KWTA offers her commitment to coordinate all stakeholders, especially the County Government of Kitui and surrounding communities to ensure successful implementation of the Ecosystem Management Plan. I therefore, on behalf of KWTA make an earnest appeal to all collaborators, partners and stakeholders to participate in the implementation of this management plan to achieve desired objectives. We look forward to your continued support and partnership throughout the plan’s implementation period and beyond.

Prof. Julius G. Tanui, PhDAg. Director General,KENYA WATER TOWERS AGENCY

PREFACE

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The Directorate of Ecosystem Assessment Planning and Audit is tasked with development of EMPs for water towers that provide a framework for an intergraded approach to address challenges and threats against proper functioning of water tower ecosystems. Endau Hills Water Tower is faced with challenges and threats that compromise its ecosystem health and resilience. A status assessment of Endau Hills carried out in 2018 established that the most serious threats and challenges included charcoal burning, gully formation and degradation of water resources. Consequently,

an Ecosystem Management Plan was developed using a participatory planning and learning process to provide a long-term framework for the sustainable management of the Endau Hills Water Tower ecosystem.

Preparation of Endau Hills water tower EMP was made possible through the support of the KWTA and a comprehensive stakeholder engagement process. KWTA appreciates the contribution of all stakeholders involved in the preparation process. Further, our appreciation is extended to the Ecosystem Management Pan authors; Dr. Winfred Musila, Vincent Mainga, Justus Eregae , Joyce Wangari, Edith Bikeri and Dennis Wafula. We cannot also forget the Endau Community Local Planning Team (LPT) for coordinating and mobilizing the communities in Endau that enabled KWTA and stakeholders to collect sufficient data for preparing the Ecosystem Management Plan. We also express our sincere gratitude to the multiagency team and community members who participated in validation, visioning and action planning for the EMP. We wish also to extend our appreciation to the County Government of Kitui; the Ecosystem Conservator, Kenya Forest Service-Kitui; Water Resources Authority; Kitui County Area chiefs and assistant chiefs for the coordination and support during EMP development. While it may not be possible to thank all who contributed towards the successful preparation of the EMP, KWTA would like to anonymously recognize all efforts that contributed to its finalization.

Dr Winfred Musila PhD Director; Ecosystem Assessment, Planning and Audit

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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APPROVAL PAGE

This 10 year Ecosystem Management Plan is approved for implementation and will be revised from time to time.

………………………………………………

Chairperson Board of Directors,

Kenya Water Tower Agency

Date................................................................

.......................................................................

Chief Conservator of Forests

Kenya Forest Service

Date.................................................................

……………………………............................

Ag. Director General

Kenya Water Towers Agency

Date…………………………………………

........................................................................

County Executive Committee (CEC) Environment & Energy

County Government of Kitui

Date: ………………………………………..

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword ........................................................................................................................ i Preface ........................................................................................................................... iiiAcknowledgement .................................................................................................... vApproval Page .............................................................................................................viList of Figures .............................................................................................................. xList of Photographs .................................................................................................. xiAcronyms .....................................................................................................................xiiDefinition of Terms ................................................................................................. xivExecutive Summary ................................................................................................. xv

CHAPTER 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................1

1.1.1 Climate .........................................................................................................................................2

1.1.2 Hydrology .................................................................................................................................. 3

1.1.3 Soils .............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.1.5 Socio Economic Characteristics ......................................................................................... 7

1.1.6 Socio-economic activities .................................................................................................... 8

1.2 Threats and Challenges facing the Water Tower .............................................................10

1.3 Rationale for management planning ................................................................................. 11

1.4 Justification of the Plan .......................................................................................................... 12

1.5 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 12

CHAPTER 2 Policy and Legal Framework ................................................................................15

2.1 International Treaties, Protocols and Conventions ........................................................ 15

2.1.1 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) ..................................................................... 15

2.1.2 Rio Declaration on Environment ...................................................................................... 15

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2.1.3 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) ....................................................................................................................................... 16

2.1.4 Other relevant international regulations ...................................................................... 16

2.2 National Policy and Legal Framework ................................................................................16

2.2.1 The Kenya 2010 Constitution .............................................................................................16

2.2.2 The Kenya Vision 2030 ..........................................................................................................17

2.2.3 Legal Notice No. 27 of 2012 ............................................................................................... 17

2.2.4 Forest Management and Coordination Act, 2016 .....................................................17

2.2.5 Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) of 1999 with 2015 Amendments .....................................................................................................................................18

2.2.6 Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013 ...................................................18

2.2.7 Water Act 2016 ........................................................................................................................19

2.2.8 Land Act, 2016 .........................................................................................................................19

2.2.9 Other relevant national legislations ............................................................................... 20

CHAPTER 3Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan ........................... 21

3.1 Plan Vision, Goal and Objectives ......................................................................................... 21

3.2 Zonation and Water Tower user Zones ............................................................................ 21

3.3 Problem Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 22

3.4 Water Tower Ecosystem Programmes ............................................................................... 40

3.4.1 Forest Resource Management Programme ................................................................. 40

3.4.2 Water Resource Management Programme ................................................................. 54

3.4.3 Water Tower Protection and Security Program ........................................................... 63

3.4.4 Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Programme ................................................. 69

3.4.5 Community Livelihood And Education Programme ............................................... 76

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CHAPTER 4Implementation and Monitoring Framework for the Ecosystem Management Plan ................................................................................................... 87

4.1 Implementation of the plan and funding ....................................................................... 87

4.2 Amendments and Revision of the Management Plan ................................................ 88

4.3 Monitoring and Evaluation Plan .......................................................................................... 88

REFERENCES .............................................................................................................127

APPENDICES ............................................................................................................129

Appendix 1: Endau hills Water Tower list of stakeholders ...............................................129

Appendix 2: Water resources .....................................................................................................131

Appendix 3: Water Springs in Endau Forest Hill ................................................................. 131

Appendix 4: The Planning Process .......................................................................................... 133

Appendix 5: Attendance List of Stakeholders ..................................................................... 134

Appendix 6: Local Planning Team ........................................................................................... 139

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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List of Figures

List of Plates

Figure 1.1: The Location of Endau Hills Water Tower ............................................................ 1

Figure 1.2: The Mean Monthly Rainfall Pattern; Source:(Climate-Data.org) ................. 2

Figure 1.3:The Mean Temperature Pattern; Source:(Climate-Data.org) ......................... 3

Figure 1.4: Endau Hills Water Tower Drainage System ......................................................... 4

Figure 4: Endau Hills Water Tower Governing Structure ................................................... 87

Plate 1: Fragile soils around Endau Hills Water Tower .......................................................... 5

Plate 2: Flora Species in the Endau Hills Water Tower .......................................................... 6

Plate 3: Some Fauna species found in the Endau Hills Water Tower ............................... 6

Plate 4: Accessibility of water during dry seasons ................................................................. 9

Plate 5: Illegal logging incidences ............................................................................................. 11

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List of Tables

Table 1.1: Population Attributes for Endau Hills Water Tower Buffer Zone. (source: Kitui County CIDP 2017-2022) ...................................................................................................... 7

Table 3.1: Problem Analysis for Endau Hills Water Tower .................................................. 23

Table 3.2: Forest Resource Management Program ............................................................ 42

Table 3.3: Water Resource Management Program ............................................................. 55

Table 3.4: Water Tower Protection and Security Programme .......................................... 64

Table 3.5: Sustainable Land Management Practices .......................................................... 70

Table 3.6: Community Livelihood and Education Programme ....................................... 77

Table 4.1: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for Forest Resources Management Program ............................................................................................................................................. 89

Table 4.2: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for Water Tower Protection and Security programme ..................................................................................................................................... 102

Table 4.3: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for Sustainable Land Management Practices ............................................................................................................................................106

Table 4.4: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for Community Livelihood and Education Programme ......................................................................................................................................112

Table 4.5: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for Water Resource Management Program ............................................................................................................................................ 119

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ACRONYMS

ASAL Arid & Semi-Arid Lands

CARITAS Catholic Relief Organization

CCF Chief Conservator of Forests

CC County Commissioner

CFA Community Forest Association

CGOK-ENR County Government of Kitui-Environment and Natural Resources

CGOK-A County Government of Kitui-Agriculture

CIDP County Integrated Development Plan

CPA Charcoal Producers Association

DCC Deputy County Commissioner

CRA Community Resource Assessment

EHWT-EMP Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan

FAN Forest Action Network

GPS Global Positioning System

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

KEFRI Kenya Forestry Research Institute

KFS Kenya Forest Service

KIFCON Kenya Indigenous Forest Conservation

KWS Kenya Wildlife Service

KWTA Kenya Water Towers Agency

LIHUD Lands Infrastructure Housing and Urban Development

LPT Local Planning Team

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreements

MEMR Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources

MFI Micro Finance Institutions

NDMA National Drought Management Authority

NEMA National Environment Management Authority

NG National Government

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NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NMK National Museums of Kenya

NRM Natural Resource Management

NTFP Non-Timber Forest Products

NWFP Non-Wood Forest Products

PFM Participatory Forest Management

PFMP Participatory Forest Management Plan

PTI Potential Threat Analysis Index

SDGs Sustainable Development Goals

SEKU South Eastern Kenya University

SWOT Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats

TIP Transitional Implementation Plan

UN United Nations

UNDP United Nations Development Program

UNEP United Nations Environmental Program

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

WRA Water Resources Authority

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Biodiversity: The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, which is usually considered important and desirable

Buffer: An area of specified distance around the forest (in the case 5 km from the edge of the forest).

Ecosystem: All of the living things (plants, animals and organisms) existing in a given area that interact with each other (biotic component) as well as with the surrounding non-living environment such as weather, sun, soil, climate and atmosphere (abiotic component).

Ecosystem services: Are the many and varied benefits that humans freely gain from the natural environment and from properly functioning ecosystems

Ecosystem values: Measures the importance of ecosystem services to people

Effectiveness: Achievement of desired water tower ecosystem health and resilience where effectiveness refers the quality of returns from conservation efforts and investments.

Environment: The natural world, as a whole or in a particular geographical area, especially as affected by human activity.

Goal: A qualitative description of what is desired in the long term.

Management: Activities conducted as part of specific plans or strategies.

Natural resource/s: A subset of the environment that describes soil, water in the environment, plants and animals

Natural resources management: Any activity relating to the management, use, development or conservation of natural resources.

River flow: Volume of water flowing on a stream at a given time

Water Tower: An elevated landscape including upland areas; hills, plateaus and mountains whose climate, geology, tectonics, substrate, land cover or use and hill-slope morphological characteristics support reception, infiltration, percolation and storage of rainfall, or any form of precipitation, on the surface, in the soil, rock and aquifers that, apart from surface runoff, is a gradual source of water through springs, rivers and swamps in a drainage basin.

Watershed: An area or ridge of land that land trough that receives precipitation, which flows on its way to a water body.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Endau Hill Water Tower is an isolated small mountainous ecosystem between the central highlands and the coastal forests of Kenya located in Kitui County, Mutitu sub county, Endau Malalani ward. The total area covered by the water tower is 31,859 ha consisting of a gazetted forest (6,879ha) and a 5 km buffer zone (24,980 ha). The water tower falls under the arid and semi-arid agro-climatic zone with characteristic hot and dry conditions. The area experience bimodal pattern with long rains occurring between March-June and short rains in October-December. The mean annual rainfall ranges from 500 mm in the lowlands to 1050 mm in the hilltop while the drier eastern and southern areas receive less than 500 mm of rainfall. The temperatures are high throughout the year in the range of 16-34°C with the hottest months between June-September and January-February. The total population in Endau Hills water tower is 15,506, unevenly distributed depending on access to socio-economic activities and infrastructural development. Some of the major threats and challenges facing the water tower include unsustainable charcoal burning, encroachment and illegal poaching and grazing.

In the context of the aforementioned threats and challenges that hinder proper functioning of Endau Hills Water Tower, KWTA identified the need for coordinated efforts to conserve, protect and reclaim the water tower ecosystem by preparation of an Ecosystem Management Plan (EMP). The aim of the Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan (EHWT-EMP) is to provide the impetus and management direction towards sustainable management of the water tower ecosystem for the continuous provision of ecosystem goods and services. Further, EHWT-EMP offered a long-term solution for the development of decision support tools that will guide on the sustainable management of the Endau Water Tower Ecosystem

The approach in developing the EHWT-EMP was participatory, adapting to field situations as necessary. The approach and methodology was based on extensive stakeholder engagement, literature review, assessment and research. The assessment and research component was aimed at acquiring relevant information for the development of this Ecosystem Management Plan.

The vision of the EHWT-EMP is “To be the leading water tower in Kenya providing ecosystem goods and services for sustainable socio-economic development”. The overall goal for the EHWT-EMP is to ensure that functional conservation and sustainable land management practices are developed and implemented in Endau Hills Water Tower. The purpose of EHWT-EMP is to provide a road map for restoration of Endau Hills Water Tower’s ecosystem health and resilience through practical interventions implemented during the plan period-2019-2029. The specific objectives are to:

(i) Secure, protect and rehabilitate all degraded areas in Endau Hills water tower; (ii) Develop and support sustainable land and forest management practices that

promote ecosystem resilience and improved community livelihoods;

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(iii) Establish synergy with all stakeholders for coordinated management of Endau Hills water tower and;

(iv) Mobilize sufficient resources for the implementation of the EHWT-EMP.At the commencement of the formulation of the EHWT-EMP, stakeholders identified 30 key issues during problem analysis to guide the formulation of the plan. EHWT-EMP will be implemented through the following five thematic management programs that address the key degradation drivers identified during problem analysis and stakeholder engagement:

(i) Forest resource management programme (ii) Water resource management programme (iii) Community livelihood and education programme (iv) Sustainable Land Management (SLM) programme and (v) Ecosystem Protection/security programme

EHWT-EMP will be implemented through a coordinated effort of all the relevant Stakeholders. The overall coordination will be through the Kenya Water Towers Agency working closely with the County Government of Kitui. A local planning and implementation team will be constituted to support coordination of activities locally and will be guided by a multi-agency technical team that will give technical guidance to the plan implementation and monitoring. Funding of the Endau Ecosystem Management Plan will be done through direct monetary allocation from KWTA and support from key stakeholders and development partners. The total cost of implementing this management plan is estimated at KES 913.9 Million. Funds for implementing the activities outlined in the management plan will be sourced by the Kenya Water Towers Agency in collaboration with other relevant partners.

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 BackgroundEndau Hill Water Tower is an isolated small mountainous ecosystem between the central highlands and the coastal forests of Kenya identified by the KWTA for gazettement. The water tower is located in Kitui County, Mutitu sub county, Endau Malalani ward at a central latitude of -1.2467300 and longitude of 38.5699400 (Figure 1.1). The tower comprises of several peaks whose height ranges from 500-1400 meters at an average altitude of 814 meters above sea level. The total area covered by the water tower is 31,859 ha consisting of a gazetted forest (6,879ha) and a 5 km buffer zone (24,980 ha).

Figure 1.1: The Location of Endau Hills Water Tower.

The local communities residing in Endau and Malalani locations (at least two generations) lived in the forest before the first eviction in 1948. Their main life earning activities involved crop and livestock farming. Concern over the speed of destruction compelled the colonial administrators (under D.C. Kelly) to forcefully evict the local settlers. In post-independence period, a second eviction exercise was conducted by the national government to specifically secure the vital ecological service expended by the eco-system following reports of its continued degradation. The last known eviction of


squatters from the forest was done in 1996.

Before gazettement and consequent transfer of management to the Kenya Forest Service, Endau hill forest was administered under the Trust lands Act by the former Kitui County Council. Forest degradation was on the increase due to lack of technical knowledge and required staff by the then local authority. Charcoal burning, uncontrolled extraction of forest products, overgrazing was identified as some of the leading drivers of water tower degradation.

1.1.1 ClimateEndau Water Tower falls under the arid and semi-arid agro-climatic zone with characteristic hot and dry conditions (Jaetzold et al., 2006). The area experience bimodal pattern with long rains occurring between March-June and short rains in October-December. The mean annual rainfall ranges from 500 mm in the lowlands to 1050 mm in the hilltop while the drier eastern and southern areas receive less than 500 mm of rainfall (Figure 1.2). The temperatures are high throughout the year in the range of 16-34°C with the hottest months between June-September and January-February (Figure 1.3).

Figure 1.2: The Mean Monthly Rainfall Pattern; Source:(Climate-Data.org)


Figure 1.3:The Mean Temperature Pattern; Source:(Climate-Data.org)

1.1.2 HydrologyWater is the most important commodity derived from the Endau Hill water tower by the surrounding communities. The water tower is a source of about 20 permanent water springs that include Ngunga-imwe, Kausya, Ikituku, Yongoni, Kamunyu, Kaliluni, Wimiundo, Kang’ela, Kaundua, Kwa Mutiaiya and Kivou. Water from Kausya, Ngunga Imwe, and Kwa Muteiya springs has been harnessed and piped into storage tanks for domestic and livestock use by the surrounding communities.

Additionally, there are more than 10 seasonal rivers in the Endau Hill Water Tower (Figure 1.4). These seasonal rivers include; Enziu, Kalavati, Kaundwa, Miusya, Kaluyu, Langa, Komoi, Kathemboni-(wetland), Munyuni, Kololo, Keyeni, Kakame and Katothya. The rivers provide water during the wet season while the springs provide water during the dry season. Degradation of the water catchments and vandalization of the piping system has been the main challenge hindering continuous supply of water to the communities during the dry season.


Figure 1.4: Endau Hills Water Tower Drainage System.

1.1.3 SoilsUltisols and alfisols are the main soil types in Endau Hills Water Tower. These soils are of low fertility, highly erodible due to silting and capping as shown in Plate 1 which also makes them hard to plough during dry season (Barber et al., 1981).

1.1.4 Biodiversity

Although Endau Hills Water Tower is geographically located within arid and semi-arid lands, the restricted hilltop forests are relatively rich in biodiversity. The hilltop is a host of unique “islands” of forests with different flora and fauna in contrast to that of the surrounding thorn bush and thicket at the foot of the hill.

Flora


The Endau Hills water towers is a host to tree species of both the upland dry and low montane forests as well as those from intermediate transition zone. The area generally acquires the form of low-lying plains covered by thickets of thorn bush, grassland and scattered trees, mainly Acaciaand Commiphora species.

The upper zone of Endau Hill is dominated by Drypetes, Combretum, Vepris and Croton species and few endemic species; Memecylon buxoides, Ehretia bakeri, Caralluma and Oryza punctata. The lowland zone is comprised ofCommiphora and Strychnos-Combretum or Commiphora –Acacia associations. Medicinal trees include Strychnos henningsii (muteta), Caesalpinia volkensii (kivuthi), Albizia anthelmintica (moakyumanai), Zanthoxylum chalybeum (mukenea) and Croton megalocarpus (muthulu). Wild food plants which act as refuge for the community during the dry seasons include Uvaria acuminate (mukukuma), Cordia monoica (muthiia), Vitex payos (kimuu), Berchemia discolor (kisaya), Ximenia americana (lamai) and Grewia villosa (muvu).

Plate 1: Fragile soils around Endau Hills Water Tower


Fauna Endau hill water tower provides habitat to diverse wildlife with animal species having evolved with mutual adaptation in an intimate interdependence. Some animals have remained on this particular hill since it has become difficult for them to move across the dry land plains to similar habitats on another hilltop forest. Primates are primarily the most prevalent and commonly include the Olive Baboons (Papio Anubis) and Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). Othersmaller mammals include the Rock Hyrax (Procavia capensis), the Ochre Bush Squirrel (Paraxerus ochraceus)and Bush-tailed Mongoose.

Significant numbers of butterflies and other terrestrial invertebrates have been recorded through physical observations. The butterfly species with potential of supporting butterfly farming and ecotourism enterprises include the ‗forest mother of pearl (Salamis parhassus), which is considered the most beautiful species. Africa honey bees (Apis mellifera) form part of the forest wildlife and present a good opportunity for beekeeping and related nature based enterprises offering good opportunities for apiculture

Plate 2: Flora Species in the Endau Hills Water Tower

Plate 3: Some Fauna species found in the Endau Hills Water Tower


Avifauna

The forest and adjoining hills of Endau Hills Water Tower are important habitats for birds such as Martial Eagle, Brown Snake Eagle, African Harrier Hawk and the African Goshawk. Some of the rare birds such as eagles and vultures, which could fly from one hill to another with ease, are restricted to specific hills. The African Crowned Eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus), a species recognized as regionally vulnerable, was confirmed to have breeding sites in Endau hills. Game birds are known to provide important sources of protein to the local community, which include three Guinea fowl species: i.e. Helmeted, Crested and Vulturine, Yellow-necked Spur fowl, Crested francolin, Sand Grouses, Quails and Bustards.

1.1.5 Socio Economic Characteristics

Population:The total population in Endau Hills water tower is 15,506 (Table 1.1). The population is unevenly distributed and dependent on access to socio-economic activities and infrastructural development. Additionally, the population is youthful and according to the results from the Community Resource Assessment (CRA) report, 69% of the population lies is below 35 years.

Table 1.1: Population Attributes for Endau Hills Water Tower Buffer Zone. (source: Kitui County CIDP 2017-2022)

Sub-location Males Females Total H/holds Area in sq. Km

Density H/holds per sq. Km

Ndetani 1,732 1,809 3,541 693 184.8 19Katumbi 747 803 1,550 296 954.8 2Kathua 635 647 1,282 210 98.5 13Iuka 973 1,044 2,017 359 60.5 33Endau location total

4,087 4,303 8,390 1,558 1,298.6 6

Syou 800 834 1,634 283 118.9 14Twambui 947 1,017 1,964 347 652.1 3Malalani 799 976 1,775 325 228.5 8Macula 787 956 1,743 315 230.0 8Malalani location total

3,333 3,783 7,116 1,270 1,229.5 6

Target area total 15,506Ward Total 32,931 36,038 68,969 13,311 4,421.7 16


Land Tenure and Land UseAccording to Kitui CIDP 2013-2017, over 46% of the land falls in the arable category with only 17% of the inhabitants possessing land ownership documents because most of the land has not been adjudicated. According to the CRA findings for areas adjacent to the water tower,19.3% of the small parcels of land (4.1-6.0 acres) were under customary ownership by men. Agricultural production has the biggest share of land use (54%) for household land within the area.

1.1.6 Socio-economic activities

AgricultureThe communities in the buffer zone practiced subsistence agro-pastoralism. Crop production was characterized by low crop yields due to frequent crop failure caused by unreliable rainfall and high evapotranspiration rates. Commonly grown crops included green grams for 37% of the households followed by maize (29%), millet and cowpeas (14%), sorghum (5%) and pigeon peas (1%). Multiple cropping system was widely practiced for risk avoidance. Goat/sheep were the most common livestock kept by 47% of the households who also used them as a safety net during prolonged drought seasons. Agro forestry was not common in the buffer zone and only 28% of the households had planted trees within the past five years.

Collection of wood and non-wood forest productsMajority of residents within the 5km buffer zone of the water tower collected their forest products from their own lands. This was attributed to state regulations that limited access to the gazetted forest. Additionally, previous encroachments also necessitated eviction of illegal forest settlers in the 1990’s, as well as the fact that majority of the households have sufficient land. Fuel wood, was the main source of energy at 96%, followed by charcoal, at 51%. Other uses for wood and non-wood forest products include timber/poles, fruits/fibre/vegetables, herbs/medicine and fodder for livestock.

Household income from sale of forest productsMost of the forest products obtained from the water tower were sold to individuals within the community (44%), while (41%) were sold to external traders and middle men from bordering Counties in Nairobi and Kiambu (15%). For instance, the average price of a 90kg bag of charcoal locally retailed at an average price of 300-550 Kenya Shillings (depending on demand and supply patterns). The charcoal ban imposed by County Government of Kitui was cited as one of the reasons why the community diversified to growing green grams for income. Income from the sale of charcoal ranged from Ksh 5,000 and 50,000 per year with approximately 25% of households obtaining a maximum of Ksh 50,000 while only 5% raised a maximum of Ksh 100,000 and 3.5% making more than Ksh 100,000.


Plate 4: Accessibility of water during dry seasons


Sources of water for HouseholdsThe most predominant sources of water for 96% of the households in the area were rivers and springs originating from Endau Hills Water Tower. During the wet season, majority of the community members sourced water from the nearby streams, shallow wells and springs. Water was one of the scarce commodities in this region and during the dry season, the quantity of water diminished thereby increasing the collection time up to seven hours from an average of 1 hour/ day during the wet season.

1.1.7 Special Interest Areas and Sites

Endau hill top forest is a host of important cultural site used by the community for cultural ceremonies, offerings and spirituality. The Endau Hill also supports scenic sites for camping, bird watching caves for ecotourism and camping areas that can be exploited for rock climbing and picnic expeditions. Other historically famous sites are the sacred sites within the hill forest at Kwa Sio Sili and Kwa Muteiya, where every year before the planting season, local farmers perform a traditional ceremony to seek blessings from the rain god (Mukuli) for improved crop yields. Special interest sites with unique attractions are however limited in access due to poor or non-existent roads or foot paths.

1.2 Threats and Challenges facing the Water TowerSome of the major threats and challenges facing the water tower include:

(i) Encroachment through settlement and agriculture caused by unclear forest boundaries, population pressure, searching for pastures and livestock fodder, overstocking, uncoordinated forest patrols among others. This has led to decreased catchment discharge, conflicts over limited Water Tower resources such as water supply, drought and desertification among others.

(ii) Unsustainable charcoal production caused by high poverty Index, low education level, unemployment, as an income generating activity, low income, poor law enforcement, ignorance. The results have been loss of biodiversity, forest fires, enhanced income, reduction on honey production/Honey (Disappearance of bees), loss of forest cover, deforestation, soil erosion, degradation of the ecosystem, soil erosion, desertification, loss of biodiversity e.g. bees, air pollution/carbon emission, reduced /low ground water recharge. From the assessment, over 50% of the households around the buffer zone were participating in commercial charcoal production. This had contributed to deforestation and degradation of the water tower. Additionally, charcoal burning was the single most threat to the Water tower resources.

(iii) Illegal logging and poaching for income generation, construction material,


charcoal production, wood carvings, due to lack agricultural land and greed has led to deforestation, catchment degradation, loss of biodiversity, Soil erosion, habitat destruction, desertification, reduced /low ground water recharge.

Plate 5: Illegal logging incidences

(iv) Illegal grazing and overgrazing as a result of prolonged drought, water scarcity, lack of grazing land, over-stocking, lack of grazing regulations, poor coordinated forest patrol among others. This had led to forest degradation, conflict over resource use, siltation, erosion, and low food production, degradation of springs, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction, river flow interruption and reduced vegetation cover.

(v) Unemployment as a result of low literacy levels, lack of employment opportunities, corruption has resulted to increased crime rates and insecurity, low income levels, increased poverty level index among others as well over-reliance on natural resource thus more degradation

1.3 Rationale for management planningThe Endau Hills water tower ecosystem cushions the community from the harsh climatic conditions, particularly the intense and prolonged droughts. Also, 96% of the households living in the buffer zone rely on water from the springs, rivers and shallow wells. Collection time for water during the dry season increased fivefold from an average of 1 hour during the wet season to an average of 5 hours during the dry season. This drastically reduced the time for doing other income generating activities for the household. About 88% utilized fuel-wood for heating and cooking. The communities relied heavily on the forest for pasture during the dry season. The water tower is also an important host of numerous biodiversity resources and areas of special interest and conservation concern.

In the context of the aforementioned threats and challenges that hinder proper


functioning of Endau Hills Water Tower, KWTA identified the need for coordinated efforts to conserve, protect and reclaim the water tower ecosystem by formulation of an Ecosystem Management Plan (EMP).The aim of an EMP is to provide the impetus and management direction towards sustainable management of the water tower ecosystem for the continuous provision of ecosystem goods and services. Further, EMP offered a long-term solution for the development of decision support tools that will guide on the sustainable management of the Endau Water Tower Ecosystem.

1.4 Justification of the PlanThe plan is subsequently referred to as the Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan (EHWT-EMP) that covers the Endau Hills ecosystem. The plan takes cognizance of the Constitution of Kenya, Vision 2030, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and relevant local and international obligations. The plan embraces collaborative and participatory approaches in conservation and management of natural resources that will lead to ownership of the initiatives by the stakeholders. The plan supports sustainable utilization of natural resources by promoting environmental friendly activities, while enhancing biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, the plan will focus on integrated and comprehensive conservation and protection of over 20 springs that provide water for the communities during the dry season, cultural sites, important shrines and ceremonial sites of cultural importance, species of conservation concern and biodiversity hotspots (vulnerable plant species like Osiris lanceolatus (Sandalwood) and indigenous forest providing ecosystem goods and services.

1.5 MethodologyThe approach in developing the EHWT-EMP was participatory, adapting to field situations as necessary. The approach and methodology was based on extensive stakeholder engagement, literature review, assessment and research. The assessment and research component was aimed at acquiring relevant information for the development of the Ecosystem Management Plan. The following three main components were considered:

• Community resource assessment• Mapping of critical catchment areas• Biodiversity assessment

The community resource assessment involved face-to-face household survey and a sector survey using key informants and focus group discussions. A locational wide situation assessment of Endau households around a 5km buffer zone in Endau-Malalani locations was conducted to identify key issues around the use of natural resources, perceptions, levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the way they


interact with natural resources. The data collection tool took into consideration the following key parameters: household characteristics; livelihood options; land tenure and use rights; wood and non-wood forest products; household income and household consumption; food security; energy sources and utilization; water sources among others. Other schedules were developed for key informant interviews and for facilitation during Focused Group Discussions (FGDs).

Data collection was by formal interviews through questionnaires administered by research assistants recruited locally. A one-day training session was held for research assistants/enumerators on the 16th April 2018 at the Endau Chiefs office before commencing household data collection. This was important to ensure uniformity in data collection, avoidance of bias and familiarization with the data collection tool. During the session, topics such as interviewing techniques and selection of respondents for the study were discussed. The household survey was the main activity followed by a mini-survey for key strategic sector players within the region (key informants) including FGDs drawn from interest groups, county government and national government.

Critical catchment areas and biodiversity survey included the literature review and desktop analysis that made references to all the available literature while the desktop analysis of satellite imagery generated preliminary classification of biodiversity hotspots; hot, moderately hot or less hot in terms biodiversity richness index. The taxa level was used as hotness indicator in the analysis and included five taxa as follows: Plants, mammals, birds, butterflies, reptiles and amphibians. Additional data was collected through FGDs with the community, stakeholder engagement, remote sensing and analysis of satellite imagery as well as through sampling of the forest ecosystem using transect walks and establishment of sampling plots. This process identified important biodiversity areas around Endau hills water tower, their administrative and ecological boundaries and other relevant information to the development of the Ecosystem Management Plan. Similarly, ground truthing was carried out to affirm both remotely acquired data and that collected from stakeholders with respect to biodiversity resources. The fieldwork was conducted in March 2018 and used the following equipment; GPS for recording reference points, Cameras for photos and note books for recording pertinent data and information. The transect walks were guided by local administrators and community members. Location data for each major survey site were determined using an eTrex 10 or eTrex 20 Garmin GPS receivers. Generation of biodiversity hotspots was done as determined by the following main factors; species richness and species distribution, environmental threats, frequency of microhabitats, and ecological functions.

Modelling in a GIS environment was carried out and data ranked based on biodiversity sensitivity. The biophysical data used included land cover maps, slope, aspect, critical catchment areas (springs) and road network. Other auxiliary data used in modelling


included temperature, rainfall and precipitation. The output of the modelling produced biodiversity index maps. However, field validation was conducted to confirm hotspot index generated during desktop work. This included the assessments of micro-habitats, ecological functions, taxa richness and environmental threats within 3x3 km grids distributed within the Water Tower’s 5km buffer zone. In order to achieve hotspot validation, variables were listed for assessment in the field especially in areas where, moderate and very hot hotspots were indicated. Frequencies of occurrence for these variables were used to update hotspot based on vector hotspot grids generated from the raster layers. All the collected data and information was compiled and analysed using appropriate computer programs and presented in form of graphs, charts and tables and formed the basis for the development of the Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan


CHAPTER 2 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter focuses on the policy and legal framework that underlies the formulation of the Endau Hill Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan (EHWT-EMP). These include the 2010 Kenya Constitution, Legal Notice No. 27 of 2012, Forest Act 2016, Wildlife Conservation and Management Act 2013, EMCA 1999 & EMC Amended Act 2015, Lands Act 2016, Water Act, County Government Laws and Policies, United Nations Protocols, Treaties and Conventions that Kenya is a signatory.

2.1 International Treaties, Protocols and ConventionsThere a number of treaties, protocols, conventions that Kenya is signatory that apply to conservation of nature and its environment which include; Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora (CITES) and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

2.1.1 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)CBD, known informally as the Biodiversity Convention is an international legally binding treaty. The Convention has three main goals: conservation of biological diversity /biodiversity; sustainable use of its components; and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. Its objective is to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The Convention was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993(EU, 2014; UNEP, 1993).

2.1.2 Rio Declaration on EnvironmentThe Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, or Rio Declaration, was a short document produced at the 1992 United Nations “Conference on Environment and Development” (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit. The Rio Declaration consisted of 27 principles intended to guide future sustainable development around the world. The declaration was guide by the principles that include; public participation that environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens, at the relevant level and that in order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it (UN, 1992).


2.1.3 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) also known as the Washington Convention is an international agreement between governments, drafted and adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The text of the convention was agreed upon in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1st July 1975. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival and it accords varying degrees of protection to more than 33,000 species of animals and plants. In order to ensure that the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was not violated, the Secretariat of GATT was consulted during the drafting process.

2.1.4 Other relevant international regulationsUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), Reducing Emission from, Deforestation and Degradation (REDD), The Global Forest Principles.

2.2 National Policy and Legal Framework

2.2.1 The Kenya 2010 ConstitutionThe 2010 Constitution bears emphasis on embodiment of the sovereign will of the people of Kenya. Article one (1); explicitly communicates ‘all sovereign power belongs to the people of Kenya and shall be exercised only in accordance with the Constitution. The people of Kenya refer to environment as their heritage and determined to sustain it for the benefit of present and future generations. As the supreme law of the land it binds all persons and every Kenyan has an obligation to respect, uphold and defend as highlighted in Articles 2&3. Article 69 imposes obligations including Sustainable exploitation, utilization, management and conservation and equitable sharing of the accruing benefits; Protection and enhancement of the intellectual property in, and indigenous knowledge on biodiversity and genetic resources of the communities; Environmental impact assessment, audit and monitoring; elimination of processes and activities likely to endanger the environment; Utilization of the environment and natural resources for the benefit of the people of Kenya.

It also highlights on the need to conserve and enhance biodiversity and genetic resources in partnership with the community and other stakeholders. The Constitution emphasizes on public participation, particularly on environmental conservation, management and planning processes.

In this regard, Leaders at both levels of Government have constitutional obligations in respect of the environment and natural resources. Natural resource management and governance cannot be separated and must be integrated into national and county


government policy and planning frameworks (GOK, 2010).

2.2.2 The Kenya Vision 2030Kenya Vision 2030 is the country’s development blueprint covering the period 2008 to 2030. It is aimed at making Kenya an industrialized state or middle-income country providing high quality life for all its citizens by the year 2030. The vision has three pillars; political, social and economic where environmental issues have been captured on social pillar. The Country aimed at living as a nation with clean, secure and sustainable environment by 2030. The goals for the first five included increasing forest cover from less than 3% at present to 4%; this has so far been achieved with the 2010 Constitution suggesting 10% forest cover by the year 2030. Additionally, it envisaged to lessen by half all environment related diseases. Specific strategies involved: promotion of environmental conservation for better support to the economic pillar flagship projects and for the purposes of achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); improving pollution and waste management through the design and application of economic incentives; and the commissioning of public-private partnerships (PPPs) for improved efficiency in water and sanitation delivery (GOK, 2007).

2.2.3 Legal Notice No. 27 of 2012Kenya Water Tower Agency (KWTA) established through the Legal Notice No. 27 of 2012has a mandate among other duties to co-ordinate and oversee the protection, rehabilitation, conservation, and sustainable management of Water towers in the country. It is also obligated to co-ordinate and oversee the recovery and restoration of forestlands, wetlands and biodiversity hot spots. KWTA promotes the implementation of livelihood programs in the Water towers in accordance with natural resource conservation laws. The Agency may, enter into sustainable agreements with state, non-state and other development partners, in consultation with relevant institutions to restore, manage and undertake research in any forest in line with international conventions, on terms and conditions approved by the government.

Additionally, KWTA mobilizes resources from the Government, development partners and other stakeholders in addition to monies raised through programs such as payment for environmental services, carbon credit etc. The agency also been tasked in consultation with stakeholders to identify, assess and monitor water towers and watersheds for protection, rehabilitation, conservation and management in the country. Endau Hill Water Tower is one the 70 Water towers earmarked for gazettement and priority ecosystem for 2018/2019 financial year.

2.2.4 Forest Management and Coordination Act, 2016 The Act anchors itself on among many principles that include; good governance, public participation, protection of indigenous knowledge and intellectual property rights particularly on forestry and international best practices in accordance with Article 10 of


the Constitution. This has been done in consultation and partnership with National and County Governments. . Similarly, the Act allows KFS to enter into an agreement with any person, institution for joint management of any forest to ensure the conservation of biodiversity in the subject ecosystem. The Act also allows a member of a forest community together with other members or persons resident in the same area, to register a community forest association under the Societies Act. Such group may apply to the Chief Conservator of forest for Permission to participate in the conservation and management of a state forest or local authority forest in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Where there is no management plan in respect of the area, or where the association proposes that there be a new management plan, the application shall be accompanied by a draft management plan.(GOK, 2016c).

2.2.5 Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) of 1999 with 2015 AmendmentsThe EMCA permits the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) to provide guidelines, procedures and measures, which shall control the harvesting of forests and any natural resources so as to protect water catchment areas, prevent soil erosion and regulate human settlement within or around the forest. The Act also empowers NEMA to promote the conservation of energy and planting of trees and woodlots, especially through research in appropriate renewable sources of energy, taking measures to encourage the planting of trees and woodlots by individual land users, institutions and by community groups etc. Other relevant sections include: Section 50: Conservation of Biological Diversity; Section 72: Water and Pollution prohibition and the EMCA, Water Quality Regulations 2006: Regulation 4 (Prevention of Water pollution) and Regulation 6 (Protection of lakes, rivers, streams, springs, wells and other water sources)(GOK, 1999, 2015).

2.2.6 Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013The Act applies to all wildlife resources on public, community & private land & Kenya territorial waters. The Act is however, guided by a number of principles that include Devolution; Public Participation; Ecosystem Approach to Conservation; Recognition of Wildlife Conservation as a Land Use; Sustainable Utilization of Wildlife Resources; and Equitable Sharing of benefits. The principles resonate with Constitutional requirements (Art. 10 & 69) and the aspirations of the Wildlife Policy, 2013. Section 18 of the Act establishes County Wildlife Conservation & Compensation Committees (CWC&CC) in respect of each of the 47 Counties. Oversight of management plan implementation on community and private land. Participating in land use planning initiatives at County government level. Similarly, section 40 of the Act provides an opportunity for Communities, landowners and existing representative organizations to establish a Community Wildlife Association (CWA) and register under the appropriate law relating to associations. The object and purpose for which CWAs established is to facilitate conflict resolution and cooperative wildlife management within a specified area. The Act also


establishes Wildlife Endowment Fund and Compensation that supports development of wildlife conservation initiatives; managing and restoring PAs and conservancies; supporting wildlife security operations; facilitating community-based wildlife initiatives. Furthermore, section 24 of the Act establishes Wildlife Compensation Scheme to be funded by the National government purposely to finance claims for compensation for human deaths, personal injury or crop and property damage caused by wildlife (GOK, 2013).

2.2.7 Water Act 2016The Act establishes Water Resources Authority (WRA) whose functions among other include coordinating with other regional, national and international bodies for the better regulation of the management and using of water resources and advice the ministry on management and use of water resources in the country. It gives powers to the Authority when it is satisfied that in order to conserve vulnerable water resources, special measures are necessary, may by Order published in the Gazette declare such catchment area to be a protected area. The Authority may impose such requirements or regulate or prohibit such conduct or activities, in relation to the protected catchment area as the Authority may consider necessary for the protection of the area and its water resources (GOK, 2016d).

2.2.8 Land Act, 2016The Land Act, 2016 give effect to Article 68 of the Constitution, to revise, consolidate and rationalize land laws; to provide for the sustainable administration and management of land and land-based resources, and for connected purposes. The Act applies to all land declared as public land under Article 62 of the Constitution; private land under Article 64 of the Constitution; and community land under Article 63 of the Constitution and any other written law relating to community land. The Act stipulate forms of land tenure that include: freehold; leasehold; such forms of partial interest as may be defined under this Act and other law, including but not limited to easements; and customary land rights, that is consistent with the Constitution.

The Act stipulates Conservation of ecologically sensitive public land whereby it may take appropriate action to maintain public land that has endangered or endemic species of flora and fauna, critical habitats or protected areas. The Commission shall identify ecologically sensitive areas that are within public lands and demarcate or take any other justified action on those areas and act to prevent environmental degradation and climate change. Notwithstanding, the Commission shall consult existing respective institutions dealing with conservation. The Act also provides through the commission rules and regulation for Conservation of land based natural resources. The regulations may contain measures to protect critical ecosystems and habitats, incentives for communities and individuals to invest in income generating natural resource conservation programmes. The regulations also provides measures that facilitate the


access, use and co- management of forests, water and other resources particularly the local communities. The procedures for the registration of natural resources in an appropriate register ,and involvement of stakeholders in the management and utilization of land- based natural resources and benefit sharing to the affected communities (GOK, 2010, 2012, 2016b).

2.2.9 Other relevant national legislations Land Commission Act, Land Registration Act, Agriculture Laws, National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS), Draft National Policy on Carbon Finance and Emissions Trading, National Energy Policy and Energy Act 2006, The Grass Act, The National development and planning framework, Charcoal rules and regulations, BIG Four Agenda, Kitui CIDP, Devolution Act, Transition Implementation Plans (TIPs), MOUs with relevant government agencies


CHAPTER 3

ENDAU HILLS WATER TOWER ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PLAN

3.1 Plan Vision, Goal and ObjectivesThe vision of the Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan (EHWT-EMP) is “To be the leading water tower in Kenya providing ecosystem goods and services for sustainable socio-economic development”. The overall goal for the Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan (EHWT-EMP) is to ensure functional conservation and sustainable land management practices are developed and implemented in Endau Hills Water Tower. The purpose of EHWT-EMP is to provide a road map for restoration of Endau Hills Water Tower’s ecosystem health and resilience through practical interventions implemented in the period 2018-2028. The specific objectives are to:

(i) Secure, protect and rehabilitate all degraded areas in Endau Hills water tower;(ii) Develop and support sustainable land and forest management practices that

promote ecosystem resilience and improved community livelihoods;(iii) Establish synergy with all stakeholders for coordinated management of Endau

Hills water tower and;(iv) Mobilize sufficient resources for the implementation of the EHWT-EMP.

3.2 Zonation and Water Tower user ZonesZonation forms one of the key land use and ecosystem management tools to ensure efficient utilization of natural resources. The EWTEMP has identified different management and land use zones to ensure that resource utilization is efficient and rational. The following management zones will guide resource utilization in the Water Tower and buffer zones:

(i) Livestock grazing zone(ii) Exclusive indigenous forest protection zone(iii) Spring protection zone(iv) Important cultural values zone (Shrines and caves-Potential for ecotourism)(v) Firewood collection zone(vi) Honey and beekeeping zone


3.3 Problem AnalysisAt the commencement of the formulation of the EHWT-EMP, stakeholders identified 30 key issues during problem analysis to guide the formulation of the plan tabulated in Table 3.1 below. The table highlights the potential causes, impacts, proposed interventions and corresponding main stakeholders to implement the interventions.


Tabl

e 3.

1: P

robl

em A

naly

sis

for E

ndau

Hill

s Wat

er T

ower

KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

1.Fo

rest

En

croa

chm

ent-

settl

emen

t and

ag

ricul

ture

·

Wal

anza

ni

(Kat

hua)

·

Ngov

ovon

i (S

you)

·

Muu

wo

(Mal

alan

i)·

Mak

ayet

e (M

alal

ani)

·

Mun

inan

i (T

wam

bui)

·

Muti

yany

ingi

(T

wam

bui)

·

Koi (

Twam

bui)

·

Mut

alan

i (K

atum

bi)

·

Kilu

ilu (N

deta

ni)

·

Tow

nshi

p (N

deta

ni)

Ndet

ani(K

iluilu

)·

Ngw

ata

(Mal

alan

i)·

Kato

thya

(M

alal

ani)

·

Farm

ing/

crop

pr

oduc

tion

·

Build

ing

mat

eria

ls·

Bush

mea

t·

Lives

tock

fodd

er·

Wat

er

harv

estin

g·

Inse

curit

y·

Med

icin

al

plan

ts/ H

erbs

·

Hone

y ha

rves

ting

·

Uncl

ear f

ores

t bo

unda

ry·

Gree

d·

Ove

r sto

ckin

g·

Poor

co

ordi

nate

d Fo

rest

pat

rol

·

Inad

equa

te

patr

ols

·

Fore

st a

rea

decr

ease

s·

Affec

ts ca

tchm

ent

disc

harg

e ne

gativ

ely

·

Loss

of b

iodi

vers

ity/

dist

urba

nce

·

soil

eros

ion

and

gulle

y fo

rmati

on·

soil

ferti

lity

loss

·

Mud

slide

·

Confl

ict o

ver

reso

urce

s·

Floo

ding

·

Drou

ght a

nd

dese

rtific

ation

·

Defo

rest

ation

·

Hum

an W

ildlif

e co

nflic

t·

Redu

ced

Wat

er

qual

ity a

nd q

uanti

ty·

Loss

of t

otal

val

ue

of W

ater

Tow

er

·

-Neg

otiat

ed C

ompl

ianc

e-Ev

ictio

n·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

·

-Ref

ores

tatio

n·

-Gul

ley

reha

bilit

ation

and

te

rrac

ing

·

-Sus

tain

able

Lan

d M

anag

emen

t Pra

ctice

s·

-Str

engt

heni

ng o

f CFA

s, W

RUAs

’·

-Cle

ar d

emar

catio

n of

bou

ndar

ies a

nd

buffe

r zon

es a

nd la

w

enfo

rcem

ent

·

-Join

t enf

orce

men

t·

Form

ation

of C

FA·

Grow

ing

of d

roug

ht

tole

rant

cro

ps·

Fore

st U

ser z

onati

on·

Crop

rota

tion

KWTA

, CGK

, Su

rvey

of

Keny

a, K

FS,

KEFR

I, NG

O’s,

Co

mm

unity

DCC


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

2Co

mpe

ting

prio

rities

eg

lives

tock

gra

zing,

ag

ricul

ture

an

d fo

rest

co

nser

vatio

n

·

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i W

ard

·

Livel

ihoo

d·

Lack

of n

ew

know

ledg

e on

mod

ern/

su

stai

nabl

e fa

rmin

g·

·

Low

pro

ducti

on/

Retu

rn·

Fore

st d

egra

datio

n·

confl

icts

ove

r re

sour

ce u

se·

Lack

of

cons

erva

tion

inte

rest

·

unco

ntro

lled

graz

ing

·

-Sen

sitiza

tion

·

refo

rest

ation

·

On-

Far

m Tr

ee p

lanti

ng·

-Alte

rnati

ve li

velih

oods

·

-Effe

ctive

legi

slatio

n·

Intr

oduc

tion

of m

oder

n fa

rmin

g te

chno

logi

es

-KW

TA, C

GK,

KFS,

Are

a Ch

iefs

, Co

mm

unity

el

ders

3Un

clea

r for

est

boun

darie

s·

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i W

ard

·

Failu

re o

f St

ate

to se

cure

bo

unda

ry

·

Encr

oach

men

t·

Confl

ict b

etw

een

the

com

mun

ity a

nd

Stat

e or

gans

·

Lose

inve

stm

ent/

prop

erty

·

Evic

tion

·

Dem

arca

tion

of

boun

darie

s·

Sens

itiza

tion

·

Join

t pat

rols

·

Real

igni

ng a

nd m

arki

ng o

f st

ate

fore

st b

ound

ary

·

Gaze

ttem

ent o

f the

W

ater

Tow

er

-KFS

, CFA

, Su

rvey

of K

enya

KWTA

, CGK

DCC

25Co

ordi

nate

d En

viro

nmen

tal P

rote

ctio

n

KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

4Po

vert

y•

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i War

d·

Unre

liabl

e ra

in·

Limite

d liv

elih

ood

optio

ns·

Lack

of m

arke

ts

for p

rodu

cts

·

Low

edu

catio

n le

vel

·

Unem

ploy

men

t·

Lack

of

know

ledg

e on

ne

w fa

rmin

g te

chno

logi

es/

Dryl

and

farm

ing

·

Ove

r-exp

loita

tion

of

natu

ral r

esou

rces

·

Incr

ease

d le

vel o

f cr

ime/

inse

curit

y·

Loss

of b

iodi

vers

ity·

Confl

icts

·

Low

dev

elop

men

t le

vels

·

·

Capa

city

bui

ldin

g ·

Alte

rnati

ve li

velih

ood

e.g

natu

re-b

ased

ent

erpr

ises-

cu

ltiva

tion

of a

loe,

bee

ke

epin

g, tr

ee n

urse

ry,

poul

try

farm

ing

·

Look

ing

mar

kets

for

prod

ucts

·

Valu

e ad

ditio

n

-KW

TA, K

FS,

CGK,

WRA

, CA

RITA

S

5Lim

ited

pers

onne

l to

cons

erve

and

pr

otec

t Wat

er

Tow

er

Enda

u W

ater

Tow

er·

Retr

ench

men

t w

ithou

t re

plac

emen

t·

Inad

equa

te

reso

urce

s to

hire

ne

w st

aff

·

Fore

st d

egra

datio

n an

d en

croa

chm

ent

·

Reco

mm

end

for H

iring

m

ore

pers

onne

l·

Join

t enf

orce

men

t·

Esta

blish

men

t of C

FA’s

·

Recr

uitm

ent o

f co

mm

unity

scou

ts

-KW

TA, C

GK, K

FS

and

com

mun

ity


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

6Po

tenti

al F

ores

t Fi

res

Koi

Mut

alan

iKi

luilu

Enda

u hi

ll W

ater

To

wer

·

Crop

land

pr

epar

ation

/cl

earin

g·

Char

coal

pr

oduc

tion

·

Herd

ers

·

Hone

y ga

ther

er

·

Dest

ructi

on o

f fo

rest

·

Loss

of b

iodi

vers

ity

·

Loss

of l

ife a

nd

prop

erty

·

Loss

of f

ores

t cov

er·

Soil

eros

ion

·

Loss

of s

oil f

ertil

ity

·

Fire

bre

aks

·

Fire

war

ning

syst

ems/

haza

rds

·

Sens

itiza

tion

·

Reha

bilit

ation

·

patr

ols

·

Cons

truc

tion

of

obse

rvati

on to

wer

s·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

·

Refo

rest

ation

-KFS

, KW

TA,

com

mun

ity

elde

rs a

nd


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

7Un

sust

aina

ble

Char

coal

Pr

oduc

tion

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i War

dM

ore

prod

uctio

n in

th

e fo

llow

ing:

·

Ndet

ani (

Kilu

ilu)

·

Mun

inan

i (T

wam

bui),

·

Syou

(Ngo

vovo

ni,

Ngilu

ni)

·

Mut

alan

i (K

atum

bi)

·

Koi (

Twam

bui)

·

Kilu

ilu v

illag

e-

(Nde

tani

)·

Wal

anza

ani

(Kat

hua)

·

High

Pov

erty

In

dex

·

Low

edu

catio

n·

Unem

ploy

men

t·

Inco

me

gene

ratin

g ac

tivity

·

Low

inco

me

·

Poor

law

en

forc

emen

ts·

igno

ranc

e

·

Loss

of b

iodi

vers

ity

·

Fore

st fi

res

·

Enha

nced

inco

me

·

Redu

ction

on

hone

y pr

oduc

tion/

Hone

y (D

isapp

eara

nce

of

bees

)·

Loss

of f

ores

t cov

er·

Defo

rest

ation

·

Soil

eros

ion

·

Degr

adati

on o

f ec

osys

tem

·

Soil

eros

ion

·

Dese

rtific

ation

·

Loss

of b

iodi

vers

ity

e.g

bees

·

Air p

ollu

tion/

carb

on

emiss

ion

·

Redu

ced

/low

gr

ound

wat

er

rech

arge

·

Deve

lop

prop

er

Legi

slatio

n on

sust

aina

ble

prod

uctio

n·

Ecos

yste

m M

anag

emen

t Pl

an a

nd fu

lly im

plem

ent

·

Sens

itiza

tion/

Awar

enes

s cr

eatio

n·

Enfo

rcem

ent o

f law

·

Prov

ision

of a

ltern

ative

liv

elih

oods

e.g

. pou

ltry,

bee

keep

ing,

dai

ry g

oats

·

Look

for m

arke

t of

agric

ultu

ral p

rodu

cts e

.g.

for c

ash

crop

s·

Intr

oduc

e su

stai

nabl

e ch

arco

al p

rodu

ction

te

chno

logi

es·

Advo

cacy

on

ener

gy

effici

ent s

tove

s·

On-

farm

fore

stry

/Ag

rofo

rest

ry·

Valu

e ad

ditio

n an

d m

arke

ting

·

Refo

rest

ation

of d

egra

ded

sites

-KFS

-CGK

-Are

a ch

iefs

- KW

TA


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

·

Cond

uctin

g re

sear

ch to

as

cert

ain

lost

spec

ies

·

Cons

truc

tion

of te

rrac

es,

gabi

ons o

n ·

Esta

blish

men

t a Jo

int

enfo

rcem

ent u

nit

·

Sust

aina

ble

land

m

anag

emen

t pra

ctice

s


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

8En

croa

chm

ent

into

ripa

rian

area

s

·

Wal

anza

ni

(Ndu

uni r

iver

, M

wei

umw

e riv

er)

·

Ngov

ovon

i (M

iyos

ya, K

aval

u riv

er)

·

Tow

nshi

p (K

akon

gwe

river

, Ko

lolo

rive

r)·

Kilu

ilu (I

lmuk

uyu,

Ka

kam

e, ri

ver)

·

Mut

alan

i (M

ukan

ga,

Kivo

u, It

ulya

, Ka

mum

buni

, M

utya

-nyi

ngi,

Kam

unyu

, Ka

too,

Kat

ham

a,

Kaun

dua,

m

ithum

ulan

i, Kw

a-Nz

itu, v

ote

river

)·

Mal

alan

i (K

alav

ati,

Miy

osya

)

·

Crop

pro

ducti

on

(wat

er

avai

labi

lity,

soil

ferti

lity)

·

Wat

er co

llecti

on·

Sand

har

vesti

ng

(Kol

olo,

Kal

avati

)·

Gree

d·

Low

inco

me

·

·

Silta

tion

·

Shrin

king

/dry

ing

of

river

s·

Pollu

tion

·

Loss

of a

quati

c bi

odiv

ersit

y·

Confl

icts

on

reso

urce

use

·

Floo

ding

·

Low

er th

e w

ater

ta

ble

·

Soil

eros

ion

·

Inte

rfere

nce

of th

e riv

er fl

ow/ c

ours

e ·

·

Sub

catc

hmen

t m

anag

emen

t pla

ns·

Ripa

rian

prot

ectio

n ·

Refo

rest

ation

on

the

river

ba

nks

·

Sens

itiza

tion/

Awar

enes

s cr

eatio

n·

Fully

enf

orce

the

Law

·

Secu

re ri

paria

n bo

unda

ry·

Sens

itiza

tion

and

awar

enes

s cre

ation

·

Intr

oduc

e sa

nd h

arve

sting

po

licy

·

Land

dem

arca

tion

·

Cons

truc

tion

of te

rrac

es

and

gabi

ons

·

Ban

on c

harc

oal

prod

uctio

n ·

Prov

ision

of a

ltern

ative

liv

elih

oods

·

Cont

rol o

f soi

l ero

sion

·

Bette

r far

min

g pr

actic

es

on fa

rms a

djac

ent t

o th

e riv

ers

-WRA

NEM

ACG

KAr

ea c

hief

s


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

·

Mui

sya

and

Kato

o st

ream

(M

unin

ani-

Twam

bui)

·

Kalil

uni s

trea

m

(Koi

-Tw

ambu

i)

9Ill

egal

logg

ing

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i War

d M

ost p

reva

lent

inW

alan

zani

(Kat

hua)

Ntha

ngan

i (Tw

ambu

iKi

luilu

- Nde

tani

Mut

alan

i- Ka

tum

biNd

etan

i tow

nshi

p

·

Inco

me

gene

ratio

n·

Cons

truc

tion

mat

eria

l·

Lack

farm

ing

land

·

Tree

spec

ies

for C

harc

oal

prod

uctio

n·

Gree

d ·

Woo

d ca

rvin

gs

·

Defo

rest

ation

·

Catc

hmen

t de

grad

ation

·

loss

of b

iodi

vers

ity·

Soil

eros

ion

·

Habi

tat d

estr

uctio

n De

serti

ficati

on·

Redu

ced

/low

gr

ound

w

ater

rech

arge

·

Refo

rest

ation

·

Sub-

catc

hmen

t m

anag

emen

t pla

ns·

Sens

itiza

tion/

Awar

enes

s cr

eatio

n·

Law

enf

orce

men

t ·

Join

t enf

orce

men

t·

On-

farm

fore

stry

·

Rese

arch

·

Cons

truc

tion

of te

rrac

es

and

gabi

ons

·

Alte

rnati

ve li

velih

ood

sour

ce·

Join

t cam

paig

n by

the

stak

ehol

ders

·

Capa

city

bui

ldin

g

KWTA

WRA

KFS

Area

Chi

efs

War

d Ad

min

istra

tors


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

10Ill

egal

gra

zing

and

Ove

rgra

zing

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i War

dEs

peci

ally

in E

ndau

fo

rest

with

in

Katu

mbi

, Tw

ambu

i, M

alal

ani s

ectio

nsKi

luilu

vill

age

·

Prol

onge

d dr

ough

t·

Wat

er sc

arci

ty·

Lack

of g

razin

g la

nd·

Ove

r-sto

ckin

g·

Lack

of g

razin

g re

gula

tion

·

Poor

co

ordi

nate

d Fo

rest

pat

rol

·

Pers

onne

l sh

orta

ge

·

Fore

st d

egra

datio

n·

Confl

ict o

ver

reso

urce

use

·

Silta

tion

·

Eros

ion

·

Low

food

pr

oduc

tion

·

Degr

adati

on o

f sp

rings

·

Defo

rest

ation

·

-loss

of b

iodi

vers

ity·

-Hab

itat d

estr

uctio

n·

-Riv

er fl

ow

inte

rrup

tion

·

Redu

ced

vege

tatio

n co

ver

·

Full

enfo

rcem

ent o

f le

gisla

tion

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f gra

zing

plan

s and

eco

syst

em

man

agem

ent p

lans

·

Esta

blish

ing

a ca

rryi

ng

capa

city

·

Regu

late

gra

zing

·

Zoni

ng·

Dest

ocki

ng·

New

live

stoc

k fa

rmin

g te

chno

logy

e.g

. cro

ss

bree

d·

Ref

ores

tatio

n·

Sub-

catc

hmen

t m

anag

emen

t pla

ns·

Sens

itiza

tion/

Aw

aren

ess

crea

tion

on li

vest

ock

man

agem

ent

·

Enfo

rcem

ent o

f leg

islati

on·

Join

t enf

orce

men

t·

On-

farm

fore

stry

·

Crea

tion

of C

FA·

Lives

tock

ratin

g·

Fodd

er c

rop

intr

oduc

tion

KWTA

, KFS

, CGK

, co

mm

unity

Le

ader

s, Ar

ea

chie

fs,


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

11HW

C e.

g Sn

ake

bite

s, Hy

ena,

wild

do

gs

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i War

d·

Reso

urce

s sc

arci

ty·

Encr

oach

men

t·

Loss

of h

abita

t

·

Loss

of l

ive

·

Med

ical e

xpen

ses

·

Loss

of l

ivel

ihoo

d·

poac

hing

·

loss

of c

rop

thus

fo

od in

secu

rity

·

·

Rene

wal

of t

he w

ater

bo

unda

ry li

ne·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

·

Repo

rt to

KW

S fo

r co

mpe

nsati

on·

Esta

blish

men

t of K

ws

Stati

on in

Zom

be o

r En

dau

·

Form

ation

com

mun

ity

wild

life

asso

ciati

on·

Fenc

ing

MP

CEC

Envi

ronm

ent

(Kitu

i)DC

CKW

TA

12Lo

wer

edu

catio

n le

vel

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i War

d·

Trad

ition

s/

Cultu

ral

belie

fs th

at

disa

dvan

tage

d th

e gi

rl ch

ild

·

Long

dist

ance

s to

lear

ning

in

stitu

tions

·

Low

num

ber

of le

arni

ng

insti

tutio

ns·

Pove

rty

·

Unco

ntro

lled

birt

h·

Poly

gam

y

·

Unab

le to

un

ders

tand

th

e be

nefit

of

cons

ervi

ng th

e W

ater

Tow

er·

Degr

adati

on/o

ver-

expl

oita

tion

of

fore

st re

sour

ces

·

Unem

ploy

men

t·

Incr

ease

d in

secu

rity

·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

·

Reco

mm

end

for

Conv

ersio

n of

day

scho

ols

to b

oard

ing

scho

ols

·

Allo

catio

n bu

rsar

ies f

rom

co

unty

and

nati

onal

go

vern

men

t

Area

chi

efs,

War

d ad

min

istra

tor,

Villa

ge e

lder

sDC

CCE

D


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

13W

ater

scar

city

Th

e en

tire

Enda

u/M

alal

ani W

ard

M

ainl

y re

port

ed in

Ka

thua

, Mut

alan

i, an

d Ko

i

·

Drou

ght a

nd

Low

rain

fall

·

Lack

of w

ater

in

frast

ruct

ure

·

poor

wat

er

harv

estin

g ·

silta

tion

·

unco

ntro

lled

graz

ing

·

Drou

ght

·

Envi

ronm

enta

l de

grad

ation

·

Wat

er sa

linity

·

Spen

d a

lot o

f tim

e lo

okin

g w

ater

·

Scho

ol a

bsen

teei

sm·

Wat

er re

late

d di

seas

es·

Confl

ict b

etw

een

the

com

mun

ity a

nd

neig

hbou

ring

trib

es·

Enha

nced

wat

er

bills

·

Cro

p fa

ilure

·

Wat

er b

orne

di

seas

es·

Inse

curit

y ca

ses

·

Inve

st w

ater

har

vesti

ng

tech

nolo

gies

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f wat

er

infra

stru

ctur

e·

Impr

ove

on th

e ex

isting

wat

er in

take

in

frast

ruct

ure

and

exte

nd

to e

very

vill

age

·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

·

Reac

tivat

e an

d st

reng

then

th

e ex

isting

Wat

er U

sers

As

soci

ation

(WUA

)·

Desa

linati

on·

Prot

ectio

n of

catc

hmen

t to

incr

ease

gro

und

wat

er

rech

arge

KWTA

CGK

WRA

WRU

A KF

S


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

14De

grad

ation

of

criti

cal w

ater

so

urce

s e.g

. sil

tatio

n on

Sp

ring

Kwa-

mut

yeiy

a (N

deta

ni)

Yong

oni (

Ndet

ani)

Ikitu

ku(N

deta

ni)

Kang

ela

(Nde

tani

)M

buun

i str

eam

, Ilm

ukuy

u sp

ring,

Ka

mus

a sp

ring,

Ka

kong

we

sprin

g (N

deta

ni)

Kivo

u (K

atum

bi &

Tw

ambu

i)Ka

lilui

ni (T

wam

bui)

Mik

uyun

i (Ka

thua

)Ko

undu

wa

(Mal

alan

i)Ka

that

ani (

Mal

alan

i)Ng

unga

imw

e (S

you)

Kaus

ya (S

you)

,Ka

valu

Str

eam

(Syo

u)Ka

mum

buni

(T

wam

bui)

Kany

oony

oo st

ream

(K

athu

a)

·

Graz

ing

·

Low

rain

·

Dire

ct w

ater

ing

of li

vest

ock

at

the

sour

ces

·

Soil

eros

ion

·

Wat

er sc

arci

ty·

Poor

wat

er q

ualit

y·

Wat

er u

se co

nflic

ts·

Loss

veg

etati

on

cove

r·

Silta

tion

·

Secu

ring

by fe

ncin

g th

e sp

rings

·

Impr

ove/

Reha

bilit

ation

on

exis

ting

infra

stru

ctur

e·

Refo

rest

ation

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f wat

er

infra

stru

ctur

e·

Esta

blish

men

t of l

ives

tock

w

ater

ing

poin

ts o

utsid

e th

e fo

rest

·

Esta

blish

the

sprin

g yi

eld

(How

muc

h w

ater

vol

ume

disc

harg

ed o

ver ti

me)

·

Wat

er q

ualit

y as

sess

men

t·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f dam

s fo

r wat

er re

tenti

on/

perc

olati

on

KWTA

WRA

KFS

CGK


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

15Lo

w p

artic

ipati

on

of th

e lo

cal

com

mun

ity in

de

cisio

n m

akin

g pr

oces

s

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i War

d·

High

er

expe

ctati

on·

They

und

erst

and

thei

r rol

es o

n co

nser

vatio

n of

th

e W

ater

Tow

er·

Lack

of a

cces

s to

info

rmati

on o

n co

nser

vatio

n

·

Confl

ict b

etw

een

the

Com

mun

ity a

nd

stat

e ag

enci

es·

Impl

emen

tatio

n of

th

e m

anag

emen

t w

ill b

e im

poss

ible

·

Incr

ease

d De

grad

ation

·

Form

ation

of C

FA a

nd

WRU

A,

·

Wild

life

Cons

erva

tion

Asso

ciati

on·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

·

Capa

city

bui

ld o

n co

nser

vatio

n th

emes

KFS

KWTA

WRA

CGK

16La

ck o

f pol

itica

l go

od w

ill·

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i W

ard

·

Fear

of L

osin

g po

pula

rity

·

Unw

illin

g to

atte

nd

cons

erva

tion

wor

ksho

ps a

nd

mee

tings

·

Impl

emen

tatio

n ec

osys

tem

m

anag

emen

t pl

an a

lmos

t be

impo

ssib

le

·

Incr

ease

d de

grad

ation

·

·

Inco

rpor

ate

MPs

and

M

CAs i

n co

nser

vatio

n w

orks

hops

·

Exte

nd fo

rmal

invi

tatio

n to

pol

itici

ans

KWTA

DCC

CGK

17Un

sust

aina

ble

sand

har

vesti

ngKo

lolo

, Kak

ame,

Nd

ovoi

ni (E

ndau

)Ka

lava

ti (M

alal

ani)

·

Cons

truc

tion

mat

eria

l·

Sour

ce o

f in

com

e

·

Low

er w

ater

tabl

e·

Incr

ease

d gu

llies

·

Soil

eros

ion

·

Pollu

tion

·

Inte

rferin

g w

ith

river

cour

se

·

Regu

late

the

harv

estin

g th

roug

h le

gisla

tion

·

Be co

nduc

ting

EIA

befo

re

harv

estin

g·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

·

Form

ation

of s

and

harv

estin

g as

soci

ation

COK

WRA

NE

MA

Area

chi

efs


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

18Bh

ang

Culti

vatio

n·

Mat

undu

(N

deta

ni)

·

Kauw

aa

(Kat

umbi

)·

Syika

ti (M

alal

ani)

·

Sour

ce o

f in

com

e·

Degr

adati

on·

Incr

ease

d in

secu

rity

·

Fam

ily b

reak

ing

·

Dete

riora

tion

of

Men

tal h

ealth

am

ong

the

yout

h

·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

·

Law

enf

orce

men

t and

in

telli

genc

e ga

ther

ing

·

Reha

bilit

ation

of a

ffect

ed

·

Enha

nce

patr

ols

KFS

Area

chi

efs

COK

DCC

19Un

empl

oym

ent

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i War

d·

Low

edu

catio

n le

vel

·

Lack

of

empl

oym

ent

oppo

rtun

ities

·

Corr

uptio

n

·

Incr

ease

d cr

imes

an

d in

secu

rities

·

Low

inco

me

·

Incr

ease

d po

vert

y le

vel i

ndex

·

·

Crea

te m

ore

empl

oym

ent

oppo

rtun

ities

e.g

. Nat

ure

base

d en

terp

rise,

bee

ke

epin

g, v

alue

add

ition

in

dust

ries

·

Inve

st a

nd p

rom

ote

high

er le

arni

ng in

stitu

tion

e. g

uni

vers

ity o

r dip

lom

a co

llege

·

Esta

blish

men

t of

tech

nica

l ins

tituti

ons e

.g

Loca

l pol

ytec

hnic

COK

KWTA

KFS

MO

E

20Lim

ited

livel

ihoo

d op

tions

The

entir

e En

dau/

Mal

alan

i War

d·

Hars

h w

eath

er

cond

ition

s·

Low

edu

catio

n le

vel

·

Lack

of

know

ledg

e on

ot

her l

ivel

ihoo

d op

port

uniti

es

·

Low

inco

me

·

Dive

rsifi

catio

n of

al

tern

ative

live

lihoo

d e.

g in

vesti

ng N

atur

e ba

sed

ente

rpris

e·

Advo

cacy

on

educ

ation


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

21Ha

rves

ting

of

Sadd

le w

ood

22La

ck o

f aw

aren

ess/

Al

l End

au e

cosy

stem

Low

lite

racy

leve

lsLa

ck o

f sen

sitiza

tion

prog

ram

mes

Non -

com

plia

nce

to

existi

ng la

ws

Ecos

yste

m d

estr

uctio

n

·

Capa

city

bui

ldin

g pr

ogra

mm

es

·

Advo

cacy

for e

nrol

lmen

t in

scho

ols

·

Incr

ease

lear

ning

in

stitu

tions

MO

ECG

OK-

Kitu

iKW

TAO.

P (C

hief

s)

23 P

oor l

and

prac

tises

All E

ndau

Eco

syst

emO

vers

tock

ing

Shift

ing

culti

vatio

nLa

ck o

f Agr

ofor

estr

y/

soil

cons

erva

tion

mea

sure

Soil

eros

ion

lead

ing

to

gulle

y fo

rmati

onLa

nd te

nure

issu

esIn

crea

sed

surfa

ce ru

noff

Awar

enes

s on

bette

r lan

d pr

actic

eAff

ores

tatio

n/Ag

rofo

rest

ryLa

nd a

djud

icatio

n ad

voca

cyGu

lley

reha

bilit

ation

Min

istry

of

Land

sKW

TAM

OA

CGO

K-Ki

tui

KFS

Rele

vant

NGO

s24

Drou

ght

All E

ndau

Eco

syst

emUn

relia

ble

rain

fall

Char

coal

bur

ning

Illeg

al lo

ggin

g

Dese

rtific

ation

Food

inse

curit

yW

ater

scar

city

Clim

ate

chan

gePo

vert

y

·

Affor

esta

tion

·

Adop

tion

of d

roug

ht

tole

rant

cro

ps·

Bette

r lan

d pr

actic

es·

Adop

tion

of w

ater

ha

rves

ting

tech

nolo

gies

·

Cont

rol s

ctoc

k ra

te

KWTA

WRA

Rele

vant

NGO

sCA

RITA

SNR

MDA

CGO

K-Ki

tui.

KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

25Liv

esto

ck

dise

ases

All E

ndau

Eco

syst

emLa

ck o

f aw

aren

ess

and

igno

ranc

e on

liv

esto

ck d

iseas

esO

vers

tock

ing

Lives

tock

dea

thPo

vert

yLo

w n

utriti

on v

alue

Inco

me

loss

Out

brea

k ep

idem

ic

·

Crea

tion

of a

war

enes

s on

vacc

inati

on.

·

Incr

ease

d ve

terin

ary

exte

nsio

n se

rvic

es

MO

A &

Liv

esto

ckO.

P(C

hief

s)CG

OK-

Kitu

i

26In

secu

rity

Twam

boi s

ublo

catio

nKa

tum

bi su

bloc

ation

Scar

city

of w

ater

and

pa

stur

eRe

fuge

seek

ing

in

the

fore

st d

ue to

di

spla

cem

ent

Loss

of p

rope

rty

and

lives

Incr

ease

in p

over

ty

leve

lsAff

ect /

inte

rfere

nces

of

Agric

ultu

ral a

ctivi

ties

·

Confl

ict r

esol

ution

m

echa

nism

s·

Enha

nce

secu

rity

mea

sure

s

Min

istry

of

Inte

rior a

nd

coor

dina

tion

of n

ation

al

gove

rnm

ent

KWTA

KFS

27Lo

w p

rices

of

Agric

ultu

ral

prod

ucts

cro

p pr

oduc

ts

All o

f End

au

Ecos

yste

mM

iddl

emen

ex

ploi

ting

the

farm

ers

Low

inco

me

Dem

otiva

ted/

dem

oral

ized

farm

ers

·

Valu

e ad

ditio

n of

Ag

ricul

tura

l pro

duce

.·

Ope

n m

arke

t lin

kage

s·

Form

ation

of

coop

erati

ves

CGO

K- K

itui

Min

istry

of

Trad

e an

d In

dust

ry


KEY

ISSU

ELO

CATI

ON

CAUS

ESIM

PACT

PRO

POSE

D IN

TERV

ENTI

ONS

STAK

EHO

LDER

S

28Dr

ug a

buse

/ad

dicti

onAl

l reg

ions

Unem

ploy

men

tPe

er p

ress

ure

Incr

ease

in p

over

ty

leve

lsSc

hool

dro

pout

sDo

mes

tic v

iole

nce/

fa

mily

neg

lect

Incr

ease

d pe

tty o

ffenc

es

·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

on

drug

abu

se·

Prov

ision

of a

ltern

ative

liv

elih

ood

MO

HO.

P

29 w

ater

scar

city

All r

egio

ns b

ut

maj

orly

in K

athu

a,

mut

alan

i in

katu

mbi

an

d ko

i in

Twam

bui

sub-

loca

tion

Drou

ght

Inad

equa

te

wat

er h

arve

sting

in

frast

ruct

ures

Envi

ronm

enta

l de

grad

ation

Wat

er sa

linity

Crop

failu

reLo

ng d

istan

ce se

arch

of

wat

erAb

senti

sm in

scho

ols

Wat

er b

orne

dise

ases

Inse

curit

y ca

ses

Hiv

infe

ction

s

·

Enha

nced

wat

er

harv

estin

g te

chno

logi

es·

Desa

linati

on·

Prot

ectio

n of

catc

men

t to

incr

ease

gro

und

wat

er

rech

arge

AMRE

FKW

TACG

OK-

KITU

IW

RAM

inist

ry o

f w

ater

30Po

achi

ngTh

e en

tire

Enda

u an

d M

alal

ani l

ocati

onLim

ited

livel

ihoo

d op

tions

Crop

failu

rePr

olon

ged

drou

ght

Food

inse

curit

yCo

nflic

t with

stat

e ag

ency

e.g

. kw

sHW

CCo

ntra

ct d

iseas

e e.

g.

Anth

rax

·

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

on

wild

life

cons

erva

tion

·

Vent

ure

into

eco

-tour

ism

activ

ities

as a

n al

tern

ative

so

urce

of i

ncom

e·

Mar

ketin

g fo

r agr

icul

tura

l an

d na

ture

-bas

ed

prod

ucts

·

Valu

e ad

ditio

n


3.4 Water Tower Ecosystem ProgrammesEHWT-EMP will be implemented through carefully selected thematic management programs that address the key issues identified during problem analysis. The management programs are the guiding principles for the achievement of the strategic objectives. Each of the strategic management program was developed following the Logical Framework Approach to ensure that precise and coherent links between the programme purpose statement, management objectives and the plan actions. The development of the plan objectives, strategies and action plan was done through a stakeholder content review and visioning workshop. For each of the programmes, a brief background, underlying issues, causes, impacts, interventions, activities and responsible organization has been provided. The plan covers five management programmes as follows:

1. Forest resource management programme2. Water resource management programme3. Community livelihood and education programme4. Sustainable Land Management (SLM) programme5. Ecosystem Protection/security programme

3.4.1 Forest Resource Management ProgrammeThe program will focus on management of the state forest located centrality in Endau Hill Water Tower. The forest covers 6,879 ha and was gazetted in 1991 through Gazette Notice No. 303. The ecosystem is composed of tree species of both the upland dry montane forests and those from the low montane as well as intermediate transitional forests. There are no plantations formerly established on the dry land hill and management is purely for protection, particularly for water catchment.

The forest boundaries have been surveyed and demarcated under the management of the Kenya Forest Service (KFS). The forest falls under the administration of the office of the Eco-system Conservator, Kitui. The administration and management in the field is extended to the Forester at Mwitika with one Forest Guard stationed at Endau Trading Centre. The forest resources harbour important services that support community livelihoods through provision of products such as timber, fuel wood, and a wide variety of NWFP. The Water Tower is a source of streams that provide water for the local communities.

The water tower is predominantly a natural forest, managed for ecological services with limited exploitation of NWFP. The forest is however under threat from multiple anthropogenic factors that include overgrazing, illegal poaching of timber, charcoal burning and uncontrolled extraction of firewood. These activities have affected the forest structure that is mainly open canopy with high dominance of invasive species and herbaceous weeds.


Forest resource management plan objectives

i. To secure Endau Hills water tower forest and restore degraded areas through rehabilitation and restoration programmes

ii. Promote sustainable utilization of water tower resources for socio economic development

iii. Promote community collaborative management and conservation of Endau Hills water tower

iv. Enhance research on water tower ecosystem for policy and decision support

Program PlanTable 3.2 presents a summarized work plan detailing how the forest resource management plan objectives will be realized.


Tabl

e 3.

2:

Fore

st R

esou

rce

Man

agem

ent P

rogr

amISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Obj

ectiv

e I.

To se

cure

End

au H

ills w

ater

tow

er fo

rest

and

rest

ore

degr

aded

are

as th

roug

h re

habi

litati

on a

nd re

stor

ation

pro

gram

s

Fore

st E

ncro

achm

ent/

Un

clea

r For

est B

ound

ary-

Nd

etan

i (Ki

luilu

),

Katu

mbi

(Mut

alan

i),

Twam

bui (

Koi),

Syo

u (N

govo

voni

), M

alal

ani

(Ngw

ata)

, M

alal

ani

(Kat

othy

a), K

athu

a (W

alan

zani

)

Com

mun

ity

sens

itiza

tion

10 P

ublic

bar

azas

(Six

in M

alal

ani,

four

in

End

au)-

Com

preh

ensiv

e co

mm

unity

en

gage

men

t in

prep

arati

on fo

r bo

unda

ry d

emar

catio

n

6.0

KWTA

/ KFS

/ CO

K/

NGO

s/ D

CC/ W

RA

2 W

orks

hops

(One

in M

alal

ani &

One

in

Enda

u)-E

stab

lish

Loca

l pla

nnin

g te

am

on b

ound

ary

dem

arca

tion

and

draw

w

orkp

lan

4.2

KWTA

/ DCC

/ CGO

K/KF

S/W

RA/N

GOs

Airin

g of

at l

east

thre

e Co

nser

vatio

n Ed

ucati

on T

hrou

gh L

ocal

med

ia (M

usyi

FM

, Ath

iani

FM

, Syo

ukim

au F

m, C

ount

y FM

) and

prin

t med

ia

6.0

CGK/

KW

TA/ D

CC

Prin

ting

and

Dist

ributi

on o

f 1,0

00

Cons

erva

tion

Broc

hure

s and

info

shee

ts

on E

ndau

3.0

KWTA

/ KFS

/ CGO

K/

CARI

TAS/

DCC

/ WRA

Esta

blish

men

t of a

Mul

ti-ag

ency

Co

llabo

rativ

e An

nual

Con

serv

ation

Ev

ent

6.0

DCC/

CGO

K/KF

S/KE

FRI/N

GOs


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Clea

r De

mar

catio

n of

Sta

te F

ores

t Bo

unda

ry

Map

ping

, and

mar

king

and

Annu

al m

aint

enan

ce o

f End

au W

ater

To

wer

bou

ndar

ies

20.0

24.0

KFS/

KWTA

/Sur

vey

of

Keny

a/CB

O/C

GK

Fenc

ing

Enda

u W

ater

Tow

erES

IA fe

asib

ility

stud

y –

map

ping

of

Way

-leav

e an

d po

tenti

al im

pact

s of

fenc

ing,

Impa

ct a

sses

smen

ts

9.0

ESIA

exp

ert,

KWTA

, NE

MA/

KFS/

CGK

Com

preh

ensiv

e co

mm

unity

pa

rtici

patio

n-12

Vill

age

leve

l bar

azas

in

End

au/M

alal

ani a

nd 2

Foc

us g

roup

m

eetin

gs

4.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CGK

/CBO

Com

mun

ity a

nd st

akeh

olde

r val

idati

on

of E

SIA

repo

rt a

nd a

ppro

val b

y NE

MA

1.5

KWTA

/KFS

/CBO

/NG

Os/

CGK/

KEFR

IFe

ncin

g of

End

au H

ills W

ater

Tow

er

Ecos

yste

m55

.0KF

S/KW

TA/C

GK/C

BO


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Gaze

ttem

ent o

f En

dau

Wat

er

Tow

er

10 B

araz

as (S

ix in

Mal

alan

i & F

our i

n En

dau)

to d

issem

inat

e an

d va

lidat

e th

e En

dau

Wat

er To

wer

Sur

vey

and

Boun

dary

repo

rt

6.8

KWTA

/KFS

/DCC

/CGK

Fina

lizati

on a

nd p

rese

ntati

on o

f End

au

Wat

er To

wer

Bou

ndar

y Re

port

to th

e Ca

bine

t Sec

reta

ry fo

r gaz

ettem

ent

4.0

KWTA

Refo

rest

ation

-Th

roug

h pl

antin

g in

fo

rest

and

fa

rmla

nds

Iden

tifica

tion

and

map

ping

of D

egra

ded

Area

s and

farm

land

s in

the

Wat

er

Tow

er-E

stab

lish

size

num

ber a

nd

exte

nd in

hec

tare

s,

4.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Iden

tifica

tion

of su

itabl

e se

edlin

g so

urce

s2.

3KW

TA/K

FS

Site

Pre

para

tion-

Stak

ing

and

pitti

ng

10.0

KWTA

/KFS

/KEF

RI/

CFAs

/CGO

K

Proc

urem

ent o

f App

ropr

iate

See

dlin

gs-

Annu

ally

12.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/CG

K/CF

APl

antin

g Se

edlin

gs in

iden

tified

are

as

24.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/CG

K


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Regu

lar a

uditi

ng-S

urvi

val c

ount

s, sp

ot

wee

ding

and

bea

ting

up15

.0KF

S/CF

As

Refo

rest

ation

-Th

roug

h Na

tura

l Re

gene

ratio

n

Iden

tifica

tion

and

map

ping

of d

egra

ded

Area

s in

the

Wat

er To

wer

-Est

ablis

h siz

e an

d ex

tend

18.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/CG

K

Fenc

ing

off a

nd se

curin

g ar

eas m

arke

d fo

r nat

ural

rege

nera

tion

15.5

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/CG

KRe

gula

r aud

iting

and

repl

acem

ents

of

dead

seed

lings

28.0

Esta

blish

men

t of

app

ropr

iate

tr

ee se

edlin

gs

nurs

erie

s

Iden

tify

pote

ntial

are

as fo

r es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f tre

e se

edlin

gs-A

t-lea

st

3 ar

eas i

denti

fied

3.0

KWTA

/ KFS

/ DCC

/ CG

K

Form

ation

of 3

com

mun

ity N

urse

ry

esta

blish

men

t gro

ups

5.6

KWTA

/ KFS

/ DCC

/ CG

K6

Com

mun

ity o

n-sit

e tr

aini

ng o

n tr

ee

nurs

ery

esta

blish

men

t-2 tr

aini

ng

sess

ions

per

gro

up

12.0

KWTA

/ KFS

/ DCC

/ CG

K

Proc

urem

ent o

f nur

sery

mat

eria

ls6.

8KW

TA/ K

FS/ D

CC/

CGK


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Esta

blish

men

t of a

t-lea

st 3

tree

nu

rser

ies i

n En

dau

targ

eting

Mel

ia a

nd

othe

r app

ropr

iate

spec

ies

6.0

KWTA

/ KFS

/ DCC

/ CG

K

Obj

ectiv

e II.

Pr

omot

e su

stai

nabl

e uti

lizati

on o

f wat

er to

wer

reso

urce

s for

soci

o ec

onom

ic d

evel

opm

ent

Com

petin

g Pr

ioriti

es-

eg g

razin

g an

d fo

rest

man

agem

ent,

over

stoc

king

and

sprin

gs

man

agem

ent,

Char

coal

bu

rnin

g an

d ag

ricul

ture

, lo

ggin

g an

d fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t

Wat

er To

wer

Zo

natio

nId

entifi

catio

n of

End

au W

ater

Tow

er

user

zone

s-6

focu

s gro

up m

eetin

gs

arou

nd E

ndau

subl

ocati

ons t

o id

entif

y th

e di

ffere

nt si

te-s

peci

fic W

ater

Tow

er

uses

7.2

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/CG

K/ D

CC

Map

ping

and

dev

elop

men

t of f

ores

t an

d bu

ffer z

one

zona

tion

map

s-5.

0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/CG

K/ D

CC

Esta

blish

men

t of T

hem

atic

com

mitt

ees

and

deve

lopm

ent o

f con

flict

reso

lutio

n m

echa

nism

s2.

5

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/

DCC

Deve

lopm

ent o

f for

est u

ser z

one

by-

law

s2.

6

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/

DCC

6 su

b-lo

catio

nal m

eetin

gs to

sens

itize

th

e co

mm

unity

on

desig

nate

d us

er

zone

s and

byl

aws

5.2

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/CG

K/ D

CC


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Fenc

ing

off e

xclu

sive

man

agem

ent

zone

s-Ar

eas o

f hig

h bi

odiv

ersit

y ric

hnes

s and

criti

cal h

otsp

ots

23.5

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

s/CG

K/ D

CC

Pote

ntial

For

est F

ires

Deve

lopm

ent

of F

ire e

arly

w

arni

ng a

nd

prev

entiv

e sy

stem

s

Cond

uct o

ne F

ire ri

sk a

sses

smen

t and

de

velo

p fir

e ris

k m

aps f

or E

ndau

Wat

er

Tow

er-Id

entif

y al

l fire

hig

h ris

k ar

eas

and

mon

ths

3.5

KWTA

/KFS

/DCC

/CFA

Deve

lop

fire

early

war

ning

and

haz

ard

syst

ems u

sing

the

fire

risk

asse

ssm

ent

repo

rt a

nd m

aps-

4.0

KWTA

/KFS

/DCC

/CFA

Esta

blish

men

t of fi

re e

arly

war

ning

ac

tion

plan

-Inst

alla

tion

of fi

re w

arni

ng

boar

ds a

nd w

atch

tow

ers i

n ar

eas

iden

tified

as h

igh

risk

20.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Annu

al c

lear

ing

of F

ire B

reak

s in

fire

pron

e ar

eas (

Kam

usa

and

Kala

vati)

12.0

KFS/

KWTA

/DCC

/CFA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Unsu

stai

nabl

e Ch

arco

al

Prod

uctio

n- A

reas

id

entifi

ed a

s hot

spot

s-Nd

etan

i (Ki

luilu

) Tw

ambu

i (Ko

i, M

unin

ani)

Syou

(Ngo

vovo

ni,

Ngilu

ni) K

athu

a (W

alan

zani

)

Com

mun

ity

sens

itiza

tion

and

effec

tive

legi

slatio

n

Cond

uct 1

2 Ba

raza

s-Si

x in

Mal

alan

i &

six in

End

au to

sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity

on e

ffect

s of c

harc

oal b

urni

ng.

Area

s ide

ntifie

d as

hot

spot

s-Nd

etan

i (K

iluilu

) Tw

ambu

i (Ko

i, M

unin

ani)

Syou

(Ngo

vovo

ni, N

gilu

ni) K

athu

a (W

alan

zani

)

12.0

KWTA

/CGK

/KFS

/CFA

Revi

sit th

e co

unty

legi

slatio

n an

d ad

voca

te fo

r ene

rgy

effici

ency

and

su

bsid

ies,

stre

ngth

enin

g th

e pa

trol

uni

t, es

tabl

ishm

ent o

utpo

sts i

n En

dau,

and

ex

tens

ion

of th

e ch

arco

al b

an

5.0

KWTA

/CGK

/KFS

/CFA

Cond

uctin

g re

gula

r pat

rols

with

in

the

Wat

er To

wer

thro

ugh

Join

t en

forc

emen

t uni

t-See

Wat

er To

wer

pr

otec

tion

prog

ram

me.

10.0

KFS/

DCC/

CFA

Prom

ote

Ener

gy e

ffici

ent

tech

nolo

gies

Cond

uct f

easib

ility

stud

y on

ene

rgy

optio

ns, v

alue

cha

in a

nd a

ltern

ative

so

urce

s of e

nerg

y in

End

au5.

0

KWTA

/CGK

/CFA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Iden

tify

Alte

rnati

ve/a

ppro

pria

te e

nerg

y so

urce

s and

est

ablis

h at

leas

t 6 c

lean

en

ergy

vill

ages

/clu

ster

s in

Enda

u7.

0

KWTA

/CGK

/CFA

Trai

n Es

tabl

ished

cle

an e

nerg

y vi

llage

cl

uste

rs o

n effi

cien

t ene

rgy,

fabr

icatio

n an

d in

stal

latio

n at

hou

seho

ld le

vel

16.0

KWTA

/CGK

/CFA

Inst

all a

t-lea

st 2

,500

ene

rgy

savi

ng Ji

kos

in 6

clu

ster

s in

iden

tified

-Abo

ut 5

0% o

f Ho

useh

olds

18.0

KWTA

/CGK

/CFA

Obj

ectiv

e III

. Pr

omot

e co

mm

unity

colla

bora

tive

man

agem

ent a

nd co

nser

vatio

n o

f End

au H

ills w

ater

tow

er

Low

Par

ticip

ation

of

Loca

l Com

mun

ity o

n co

nser

vatio

n pr

ogra

ms

Form

ation

of

CFAs

6

com

mun

ity m

obili

zatio

n m

eetin

gs

in E

ndau

/Mal

alan

i to

publ

icize

the

form

ation

pro

cess

-form

ation

of a

loca

l pl

anni

ng te

am

1.0

KFS/

KWTA

/ARE

A CH

IEFS

/WRA

Form

ation

of a

n in

terim

CFA

com

mitt

ee

0.5

KFS/

KWTA

/ARE

A CH

IEFS

/WRA

Deve

lop

CFAs

Con

stitu

tion

and

pres

ent

to re

leva

nt a

utho

rities

for r

egist

ratio

n-4

Mee

tings

with

the

inte

rim co

mm

ittee

s-

(Dra

ft de

velo

pmen

t and

val

idati

on)

1.5

KFS/

KWTA

/ARE

A CH

IEFS

/WRA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Trai

ning

nee

ds a

sses

smen

t of

the

esta

blish

ed C

FA1.

2

KWTA

/KFS

/WRA

/CG

OK

Stre

ngth

en

CFA

thro

ugh

incr

ease

d fu

ndin

g an

d tr

aini

ng

2 tr

aini

ng W

orks

hops

for C

FAs o

n th

eir m

anda

tes,

gove

rnan

ce, r

esou

rce

mob

iliza

tion,

fina

ncia

l man

agem

ent

and

confl

ict r

esol

ution

(One

in M

alal

ani

& O

ne in

End

au)

4.6

KWTA

/CGK

/CFA

Trai

ning

the

esta

blish

ed C

FA o

n Fo

rest

man

agem

ent,

Tree

nur

sery

es

tabl

ishm

ent,

reso

urce

mob

iliza

tion,

sc

outin

g an

d in

corp

orati

on in

to th

e Jo

int e

nfor

cem

ent u

nit

Esta

blish

men

t of W

ater

Tow

er

Cons

erva

tion

fund

for C

FAs a

nd W

RUAs

to

tap

and

parti

cipa

te in

cons

erva

tion

activ

ities

10.0

KWTA

/CGK

/CFA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Trai

n co

mm

unity

scou

ts o

n fo

rest

pr

otec

tion,

join

t sur

veill

ance

and

es

tabl

ish li

nkag

es w

ith th

e Ki

tui C

ount

y go

vern

men

t for

supp

ortin

g co

mm

unity

sc

outs

3.0

KFS/

KWTA

/CFA

Supp

ortin

g CF

As a

nd W

RUAs

on

Cons

erva

tion

of E

ndau

Wat

er To

wer

th

roug

h in

crea

sed

fund

ing

stre

ams

2.0

KFS/

KWTA

/CFA

Cond

uct j

oint

com

mun

ity se

nsiti

zatio

n on

neg

ative

effe

cts o

f uns

usta

inab

le

expl

oita

tion

of re

sour

ces i

n al

l the

6

sub-

loca

tions

3.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CGK

Pote

ntial

For

est F

ires/

Fire

man

agem

ent

Deve

lopm

ent

of F

ire e

arly

w

arni

ng a

nd

prev

entiv

e sy

stem

s

Cond

uct o

ne F

ire ri

sk a

sses

smen

t and

de

velo

p fir

e ris

k m

aps f

or E

ndau

Wat

er

Tow

er-Id

entif

y al

l fire

hig

h ris

k ar

eas

and

mon

ths

18.5

KWTA

/CGO

K/KF

S/DC

C/CF

A

Deve

lop

join

tly w

ith th

e co

mm

unity

fir

e ea

rly w

arni

ng a

nd h

azar

d sy

stem

s us

ing

the

fire

risk

asse

ssm

ent r

epor

t an

d m

aps-

15.8

KWTA

/CGO

K/KF

S/DC

C/CF

A


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Deve

lopm

ent

of fi

re re

spon

se

stra

tegy

Deve

lop

a fir

e re

spon

se st

rate

gy in

co

llabo

ratio

n w

ith o

ther

stak

ehol

ders

13.5

KWTA

/CGO

K/KF

S/DC

C/CF

AEs

tabl

ish fi

re b

reak

s with

in th

e Hi

gh ri

sk

area

s in

the

Wat

er to

wer

12.0

KWTA

/CGO

K/KF

S/DC

C/CF

AO

bjec

tive

IV.

Enha

nce

rese

arch

on

wat

er to

wer

eco

syst

em fo

r pol

icy

and

deci

sion

supp

ort

Inad

equa

te in

form

ation

on

bio

dive

rsity

Com

preh

ensiv

e bi

odiv

ersit

y as

sess

men

t an

d Sp

ecie

s in

vent

ory

Esta

blish

per

man

ent t

rans

ects

and

bi

odiv

ersit

y m

onito

ring

and

sam

plin

g pl

ots

6.5

KWTA

/NM

K/KE

FRI

Carr

y ou

t a co

mpr

ehen

sive

biod

iver

sity

asse

ssm

ent o

f End

au H

ills W

ater

Tow

er16

Esta

blish

Bio

dive

rsity

bas

elin

e of

End

au

Wat

er To

wer

and

dev

elop

a m

onito

ring

fram

ewor

k fo

r spe

cies

of c

onse

rvati

on

conc

ern

7.2

KWTA

/NM

K/KE

FRI

Carr

y ou

t in-

situ

and

ex-s

itu

cons

erva

tion

of b

iodi

vers

ity sp

ecie

s of

cons

erva

tion

conc

ern

14.0

KWTA

/NM

K/KE

FRI


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET (millions)

RESPONSIBLE

Unav

aila

ble

info

rmati

on

land

use

/res

ourc

e Ec

onom

ics

Tota

l Eco

nom

ic

valu

ation

Carr

y ou

t a to

tal e

cono

mic

val

uatio

n fo

r En

dau

Wat

er To

wer

12.0

KWTA

/KEF

RI

Sub-

Tota

ls28

6.2


3.4.2 Water Resource Management ProgrammeEndau Hills Water Tower is a critical catchment area of many springs and streams that serve the people of Endau-Malalani ward. The Water Tower is a source of about 20 permanent water springs that include Ngunga-imwe, Kausya, Ikituku, Yongoni, Kamunyu, Kaliluni, Wimiundo, Kang’ela, Kaundua, Kwa Mutiaiya and Kivou. Water from Kausya, Ngunga Imwe, Kwa Mutiaiya springs has been harnessed and piped into storage tanks for domestic and livestock use by the surrounding communities. This is in addition to more than 10 seasonal rivers in the Endau Hills Water Tower including; Enziu, Kalavati, Kaundwa, Miusya, Kaluyu, Langa, Komoi, Kathemboni-(wetland), Munyuni, Kololo, Keyeni, Kakame and Katothya. The rivers provide water during the wet season while the springs provide water during the dry season.

Main challenges facing water resource management include lack of water harvesting by the community to relieve pressure on the available springs, spring degradation and vandalism of the piping and water distribution system and water scarcity during the dry season that increased collection time from approximately 1 hour to 5 hours making water them most important commodity in Endau.

Water Resource Management Program Objectives

i. To secure and protect degraded water sources (springs and streams) within the Water Tower

ii. To enhance awareness and sensitize the community on conservation and protection of critical water sources.

iii. To promote water harvesting and distribution for enhanced water quality and quantity

Program PlanTable 3.3 presents the programme objectives with proposed interventions and specific activities staggered in phases of three years. The activity plan details the activities, responsibilities, time-frame and resource requirements necessary for the implementation of each management action.

The programme recommends implementation of the following management actions to contribute to the achievement of the above stated objectives


Tabl

e 3.

3: W

ater

Res

ourc

e M

anag

emen

t Pro

gram

ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

i. O

bjec

tive

I: To

sec

ure

and

prot

ect d

egra

ded

wat

er s

ourc

es (s

prin

gs a

nd st

ream

s) w

ithin

the

Wat

er T

ower

Sprin

g de

grad

ation

an

d sil

tatio

n

Sprin

g pr

otec

tion

Iden

tify

all d

egra

ded

sprin

gs in

End

au H

ills

Wat

er T

ower

-Map

ping

and

det

aile

d re

port

on

stat

e of

spr

ing

degr

adati

on a

nd p

ropo

sed

reha

bilit

ation

9.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/

KFS/

WRU

A

Deve

lop

a de

taile

d bi

ll of

qua

ntitie

s fo

r re

habi

litati

on th

roug

h fe

ncin

g, a

ppro

pria

te

plan

ting

of tr

ee s

eedl

ings

, wat

er d

istrib

ution

to

avo

id e

xplo

itatio

n

5.5

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/

KFS/

WRU

A

Sprin

g pr

otec

tion

thro

ugh

fenc

ing

-Iden

tifica

tion

of a

ll sp

rings

requ

iring

fenc

ing

to s

ecur

e th

eir w

ater

reso

urce

s

-Dev

elop

men

t of b

ill o

f qua

ntitie

s-M

ater

ial

requ

irem

ent

-Iden

tifica

tion

of s

uita

ble

cont

ract

ors

and

tech

nica

l peo

ple

-Fen

cing

6.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/

KFS/

WRU

A


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Sprin

g pr

otec

tion

thro

ugh

tree

pl

antin

g

-Site

map

ping

and

iden

tifica

tion

of s

eedl

ing

requ

irem

ent

-Site

pre

para

tion

(Sta

king

, pitti

ng a

nd

seed

ling

deliv

ery)

-Pla

nting

of a

ppro

pria

te w

ater

frie

ndly

tree

se

edlin

gs

7.5

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/

KFS/

WRU

A

Deve

lop

pipi

ng

infr

astr

uctu

re

from

the

sour

ce to

the

com

mun

ity

-Iden

tifica

tion

of s

prin

gs w

ith v

iabl

e w

ater

so

urce

s fo

r dist

ributi

on d

etai

ling

stat

e of

de

velo

pmen

t of e

ach

sprin

g

-Map

ping

of t

he d

istrib

ution

infr

astr

uctu

re

and

deve

lopm

ent o

f bill

of q

uanti

ties

for p

ippi

ng a

nd d

istrib

ution

-Incl

udin

g co

nstr

uctio

n of

wat

er p

oint

s/Ki

osks

and

w

ater

trou

ghs

-Est

ablis

hmen

t of w

ater

man

agem

ent

com

mitt

ees

and

fund

thro

ugh

Paym

ent f

or

mai

nten

ance

and

dev

elop

men

t fro

m th

e w

ater

sal

e

21.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/

KFS/

WRU

A


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Obj

ectiv

e II:

To

enha

nce

awar

enes

s an

d se

nsiti

ze th

e co

mm

unity

on

cons

erva

tion

and

prot

ectio

n of

criti

cal w

ater

sou

rces

Encr

oach

men

t in

to ri

paria

n ar

eas

and

Lack

of

Aw

aren

ess

on n

eed

of ri

paria

n pr

otec

tion

Esta

blish

men

t an

d st

reng

then

W

ater

Re

sour

ce U

sers

As

soci

ation

(W

RUAs

)

Iden

tify

scop

e of

the

Enda

u H

ills

Wat

er

Tow

er C

atch

men

t to

delin

eate

the

WRU

As

boun

dary

and

dra

inag

e

-Dev

elop

men

t of W

RUA

drai

nage

map

s an

d sc

ope

13.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA

Com

mun

ity s

ensiti

zatio

n an

d fo

rmati

on

of lo

cal p

lann

ing

team

and

inte

rim E

ndau

W

RUA

and

CFA

com

mitt

ee-3

sen

sitiza

tion

foru

ms

in E

ndau

16.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA

Deve

lopm

ent o

f con

stitu

tion

and

acqu

isitio

n of

regi

stra

tion

docu

men

ts3.

2

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA

Regi

stra

tion

with

the

rele

vant

aut

horiti

es-

WRA

2.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Trai

ning

on

gove

rnan

ce, fi

nanc

ial

man

agem

ent,

reso

urce

mob

iliza

tion,

con

flict

re

solu

tion

and

prop

osal

dev

elop

men

t6.

5

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA

Deve

lopm

ent o

f Sub

cat

chm

ent

man

agem

ent p

lan

(SCM

P) a

t loc

ation

leve

l18

.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA

Supp

ort t

o im

plem

enta

tion

of S

CMP

prio

rity

activ

ities

-Thi

s sh

all b

e fr

om o

ther

par

tner

s an

d th

e es

tabl

ished

End

au H

ills

Wat

er T

ower

Co

nser

vatio

n Fu

nd

35.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA

Ripa

rian

prot

ectio

nM

ap o

ut d

egra

ded

ripar

ian

area

s an

d ho

tspo

ts10

.6

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA

Sens

itize

the

com

mun

ities

alo

ng th

e rip

aria

n zo

nes-

Buy

in fo

r reh

abili

tatio

n-al

l hou

seho

lds

sens

itize

d 8

com

mun

ity s

ensiti

zatio

n m

eetin

gs in

Nde

tani

– M

ukoo

ni v

illag

e (E

li-M

ukuy

u st

ream

Kol

olo

stre

am, K

akam

e st

ream

), Ka

tum

bi–M

utal

ani V

illag

e (K

waN

zitu

st

ream

), M

utal

ani –

Kiv

ou a

nd o

ther

are

as to

be

map

ped

out a

s ho

tspo

ts

16.1

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Deve

lopm

ent o

f a d

etai

led

bill

of q

uanti

ties

for r

ehab

ilita

tion

of m

appe

d rip

aria

n zo

nes-

4.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA

·

Iden

tifica

tion

of s

uita

ble

tech

nica

l ex

pert

s on

reha

bilit

ation

of g

ullie

s an

d co

nstr

uctio

n w

orks

·

profi

ling

of s

eedl

ing

sour

ces-

Wat

er

frie

ndly

tree

spe

cies

·

Site

pre

para

tion

for p

lanti

ng o

f sui

tabl

e/w

ater

frie

ndly

tree

spe

cies

·

Proc

urin

g of

mat

eria

ls an

d se

edlin

gs fo

r pl

antin

g

6.2

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/ C

FA

Reha

bilit

ating

deg

rade

d rip

aria

n ar

eas-

Cons

truc

tion

and

reha

bilit

ation

wor

ks18

.0KW

TA/W

RA/

CGK/

CFA

Esta

blish

men

t of

rive

r wat

er

gaug

ing

stati

ons

Map

ping

of r

iver

s an

d st

ream

s an

d id

entifi

catio

n of

pot

entia

l are

as fo

r in

stal

latio

n of

wat

er g

augi

ng st

ation

s3.

0

WRA

/KW

TA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Proc

urin

g eq

uipm

ent a

nd in

stal

latio

n in

de

signa

ted

area

s-At

leas

t 3 g

augi

ng st

ation

s in

stal

led

8.0

KWTA

/ WRA

/ CG

K

Trai

ning

of l

ocal

WRU

A m

embe

rs o

n in

form

ation

con

sum

ption

and

diss

emin

ation

to

the

com

mun

ity fo

r ear

ly w

arni

ng a

nd

prep

ared

ness

-pla

nting

, far

m p

repa

ratio

n,

and

disa

ster

pre

pare

dnes

s

8.0

WRA

/KW

TA/C

GK

Sand

H

arve

sting

Effec

tive

legi

slatio

nSu

ppor

t Kitu

i Cou

nty

Gov

ernm

ent d

evel

op

effec

tive

legi

slatio

n on

san

d ha

rves

ting

11.0

KWTA

/CG

K

Com

mun

ity /s

take

hold

er e

ngag

emen

t-6

com

mun

ity b

araz

as o

n eff

ects

of s

and

harv

estin

g fo

r dev

elop

men

t of K

itui C

ount

y Sa

nd h

arve

sting

pol

icy

and

bill

14.0

KWTA

/CG

K

One

lead

ers

wor

ksho

p to

sen

sitize

pol

itica

l le

ader

s on

the

sand

har

vesti

ng P

olic

y an

d bi

ll 3.

.5KW

TA/C

GK

Deve

lopm

ent o

f Dra

ft Ki

tui C

ount

y Po

licy

and

Bill

on s

and

harv

estin

g-Te

chni

cal e

xper

t4.

8

KWTA

/CG

K


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Stak

ehol

der r

evie

w o

f the

dra

ft Ki

tui s

and

harv

estin

g po

licy

and

bill

on s

and

harv

estin

g-Va

lidati

on3.

1

KWTA

/CG

K

Brea

kfas

t mee

ting

with

Cou

nty

asse

mbl

y re

leva

nt c

omm

ittee

s to

for s

uppo

rt to

ena

ct

the

sand

har

vesti

ng p

olic

y an

d bi

ll2.

0

KWTA

/CG

K

Med

ia e

ngag

emen

t and

lobb

ying

2.5

KWTA

/CG

K

Pres

enta

tion

to th

e Co

unty

Ass

embl

y of

Kitu

i Co

unty

for d

ebat

e an

d en

actm

ent

2.0

KWTA

/CG

K

Com

miss

ioni

ng o

f Kitu

i Cou

nty

Sand

H

arve

sting

Act

3.

0KW

TA/C

GK

Obj

ectiv

e III

: To

prom

ote

wat

er

harv

estin

g an

d di

strib

ution

fo

r enh

ance

d w

ater

qua

lity

and

quan

tity


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Lack

of w

ater

ha

rves

ting

infr

astr

uctu

re

Prom

ote

Wat

er

Har

vesti

ng-R

oof

harv

estin

g

Nee

ds a

sses

smen

t in

Enda

u H

ills

Wat

er

Tow

er b

uffer

zone

hou

seho

lds

4.2

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/

Com

mun

ity s

ensiti

zatio

n-6

com

mun

ity

bara

zas

on ro

of w

ater

har

vesti

ng in

End

au

Hill

s W

ater

Tow

er

7.5

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/

Iden

tifica

tion

and

profi

ling

of a

t-lea

st 3

0 ho

useh

olds

and

4 s

choo

ls fo

r roo

f wat

er

harv

estin

g 4.

0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/

Prep

arati

on o

f Bill

of m

ater

ial q

uanti

ties

for

roof

wat

er h

arve

sting

2.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K/

Proc

urem

ent o

f mat

eria

ls an

d in

stal

latio

n of

w

ater

har

vesti

ng in

at-l

east

30

hous

ehol

ds

and

4 sc

hool

s25

.0

KWTA

/WRA

/CG

K

Sub-

Tota

l15

5.3


3.4.3 Water Tower Protection and Security ProgramThe remoteness and limited infrastructure in Endau/ Malalani presents significant challenges to ensure that the natural assets and security is maintained and sustained. The protective function is further complicated by the increased population leading to pressure on natural resources in the area. Illegal harvesting, charcoal burning has shifted from domestic to commercial where traders come from outside the region to buy and trade in charcoal business.

Through its management objectives and actions, the Endau Hills Water Tower protection and Security Programme sets out the measures that will ensure reduction in the threats and illegal activities. The key guiding principles that have been taken into account during the programme’s development, and that will guide its implementation, are set out in this section. The programme will be guided by the following objectives and specific actions.

Water Tower Protection and Security Program Objectives

i. To curb illegal activities through establishment of a multi-agency Joint protection unit for increased surveillance, patrols and community policing

ii. Enhanced security of natural state forest and surrounding habitat around Endau Water Tower buffer zone enhanced

iii. Reduce human wildlife conflict and property loss within the water tower

Program PlanTable 3.4 present the plan intervention and specific activities staggered in a three-year phase. The activity plan details the activities, responsibilities, timeframe and extraordinary resource requirements necessary for the delivery of each management action over the first 3-year timeframe of this management plan


Tabl

e 3.

4: W

ater

Tow

er P

rote

ctio

n an

d Se

curi

ty P

rogr

amm

eISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Obj

ectiv

e I:

Esta

blish

mul

ti-ag

ency

enf

orce

men

t uni

t thu

s enh

ance

pat

rols

to c

urb

illeg

al a

ctivi

ties w

ithin

the

wat

er to

wer

s

Fore

st

Encr

oach

men

t, ill

egal

gra

zing,

bh

ang

culti

vatio

n

Esta

blish

men

t of a

co

llabo

rativ

e jo

int

enfo

rcem

ent u

nit

Stak

ehol

der m

appi

ng a

nd id

entifi

catio

n of

re

leva

nt a

genc

ies f

or Jo

int E

nfor

cem

ent-

Scoo

ping

and

sele

ction

of s

take

hold

ers

7.5

KWTA

/ KFS

/ CG

K/ D

CC

Deve

lopm

ent o

f a M

emor

andu

m o

f Un

ders

tand

ing

for J

oint

Enf

orce

men

t-Det

ailin

g te

rms o

f eng

agem

ent

2.0

KWTA

/ KFS

/ CG

K/ D

CC

Map

ping

of h

otsp

ot a

reas

-Ille

gal a

ctivi

ties

map

ping

and

iden

tifica

tion

of a

reas

for

esta

blish

men

t of o

utpo

sts a

nd ro

ad b

lock

s/ch

eck

units

9.5

KWTA

/ CGK

/DC

C/KF

S

Cons

truc

tion

of Jo

int e

nfor

cem

ent U

nit/

Out

post

s and

road

bloc

ks-A

t lea

st 3

out

post

s an

d ro

adbl

ocks

est

ablis

hed

40.0

KWTA

/ CGK

/DC

C/KF

S

Stre

ngth

enin

g of

Jo

int e

nfor

cem

ent

unit

Recr

uitm

ent /

seco

ndm

ent o

f the

Join

t en

forc

emen

t tea

m-M

ulti-

Agen

cy te

am fr

om

CGK,

KFS

, Com

mun

ity sc

outs

/CFA

18.0

KWTA

/ CGK

/DCC


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Trai

ning

nee

ds a

sses

smen

t of t

he Jo

int

enfo

rcem

ent t

eam

-Iden

tifica

tion

of th

e tr

aini

ng n

eeds

of t

he Jo

int e

nfor

cem

ent t

eam

4.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CGK

/DC

C

Trai

ning

of r

elev

ant s

kills

-Par

amili

tary

, crim

e pr

ofilin

g, sc

outin

g, p

atro

lling

etc

bas

ed o

n ne

eds a

sses

smen

t10

.0

KWTA

/KFS

/DCC

Deve

lopm

ent o

f Joi

nt p

atro

l pla

ns a

nd

esta

blish

men

t of s

urve

illan

ce a

nd re

porti

ng

mec

hani

sms

3.0

KFS/

CGK/

DCC/

KWTA

Map

ping

of

Hots

pots

and

es

tabl

ishm

ent

of a

real

tim

e in

form

ation

cen

tre

Supp

ort t

o es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f rea

l-tim

e da

ta

colle

ction

, col

latin

g an

d re

layi

ng c

entr

e fo

r En

dau

Wat

er To

wer

12.0

KWTA

/KEF

RI/

NMK/

KWS

Iden

tifica

tion

of h

otsp

ot a

reas

and

map

ping

fo

r inc

reas

ed su

rvei

llanc

e6.

0

Esta

blish

a R

eal ti

me

mon

itorin

g an

d re

porti

ng

syst

em in

colla

bora

tion

with

oth

er a

genc

ies-

Mob

ile p

hone

s, co

nfigu

ratio

n, co

mpu

ters

, se

curit

y ap

plica

tions

and

sync

hron

izatio

n w

ith

mob

ile d

ata

colle

ction

dev

ices

19.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CGK


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Trai

ning

of a

t lea

st 3

0 pe

ople

(sco

uts/

rang

ers

and

com

mun

ity m

embe

rs) o

n re

al ti

me

data

co

llecti

on, c

olla

ting

and

rela

ying

9.0

CGK/

KFS/

KWTA

/DC

C

Real

tim

e su

rvei

llanc

e in

form

ation

and

m

onito

ring -

Pilo

ting

and

com

miss

ioni

ng13

.5CG

K/KW

TA/K

FS

Nego

tiate

d co

mpl

ianc

e fo

r en

croa

cher

s

Map

all

encr

oach

men

ts in

side

the

fore

st12

.5KW

TA/K

FS/K

WS/

DCC/

CGK/

CFA

Esta

blish

and

agr

ee o

n ev

ictio

n pr

ogra

mm

e w

ith a

ll th

e aff

ecte

d ho

useh

olds

-Pre

-evi

ction

co

unse

lling

12.0

KWTA

/ KFS

/ DC

C/ C

GK

Carr

y ou

t pos

t evi

ction

coun

selli

ng a

nd fo

llow

-up

to su

ppor

t via

ble

livel

ihoo

d ac

tiviti

es-S

ee

livel

ihoo

d pr

ogra

mm

e

32.0

KWTA

/ KFS

/ DC

C/ C

GK

Obj

ectiv

e II:

En

hanc

ed se

curit

y of

nat

ural

stat

e fo

rest

and

surr

ound

ing

habi

tat a

roun

d En

dau

Wat

er To

wer

Illeg

al Lo

ggin

g an

d po

achi

ng-K

athu

a -W

alan

zani

, Tw

ambu

i–Nt

hang

ani

Law

enf

orce

men

t/Jo

int e

nfor

cem

ent

Deve

lop

join

t pat

rol p

lans

and

est

ablis

h jo

int

patr

ol u

nits

2.8

KWTA

/CGK

/KFS

/CF

A


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Deve

lop

secu

rity

oper

ating

pro

cedu

res (

SOP)

an

d m

ap h

otsp

ot a

reas

6.

1KW

TA/C

GK/K

FS/

CFA

Esta

blish

2 o

utpo

sts i

n En

dau

Hills

Wat

er

Tow

er fo

r inc

reas

ed su

rvei

llanc

e ar

ound

and

re

porti

ng

30.0

KWTA

/CGK

/KFS

/CF

A

Trai

n 30

com

mun

ity sc

outs

in Jo

int p

atro

ls,

rele

vant

law

s, pr

ofilin

g an

d cr

ime

repo

rting

4.0

KWTA

/CGK

/KFS

/CF

AO

bjec

tive

III R

educ

e hu

man

wild

life

confl

ict a

nd p

rope

rty

loss

with

in th

e w

ater

tow

er

Hum

an W

ildlif

e co

nflic

tSe

nsiti

zatio

n an

d ho

tspo

t map

ping

Sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity in

HW

C pr

one

area

s-10

com

mun

ity b

azaz

as a

roun

d En

dau

hills

Wat

er To

wer

6.0

KWS/

KWTA

/ DC

C/ C

GK

Link

with

the

real

tim

e da

ta c

entr

e to

dev

elop

Ho

tspo

t map

s and

est

ablis

h HW

C m

itiga

tion

mea

sure

s

8.0

KWS/

KWTA

/ KF

S/ D

CC/ C

GK

Trai

ning

and

co

mpe

nsati

onTr

ain

com

mun

ity m

embe

rs o

n th

e w

ildlif

e co

nser

vatio

n an

d m

anag

emen

t Act

201

3 an

d pr

ofilin

g of

HW

C re

late

d ca

ses f

or

com

pens

ation

2.5

KWS/

KWTA

/ DC

C/ C

GK

Esta

blish

link

ages

with

the

Kitu

i Cou

nty

Gove

rnm

ent a

nd T

he K

WS

for c

ompe

nsati

on

of H

WC

rela

ted

case

s

2.0

KWS/

KWTA

/ DC

C/ C

GK


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Esta

blish

HW

C co

nsol

ation

fund

for d

eath

re

late

d ca

ses

10.0

KWS/

KWTA

/ DC

C/ C

GKEs

tabl

ish w

ater

po

ints

out

side

the

fore

st-T

o av

ert

HWC

rela

ted

to

wat

erin

g po

ints

Iden

tify

Sprin

gs fo

r dra

win

g an

d pi

ping

-M

appi

ng7.

5W

RA/K

WTA

/ DC

C/ C

GKEs

tabl

ishm

ent o

f Wat

er re

gula

tion

com

mitt

ees-

At le

ast o

ne co

mm

ittee

for e

ach

dist

ributi

on c

hann

el

12.5

WRA

/KW

TA/

KFS/

DCC

/ CGK

Deve

lopm

ent o

f by-

law

s on

wat

er

utiliz

ation

-Ens

urin

g co

st sh

arin

g, co

mm

unity

co

ntrib

ution

and

mai

nten

ance

regu

latio

ns

9.0

/WRA

/KW

TACG

K

Deve

lop

Bill

of q

uanti

ties f

or p

ipin

g an

d in

frast

ruct

ure

5.5

WRA

/KW

TACG

K

Proc

urem

ent o

f mat

eria

ls/co

ntra

ctor

25.0

WRA

/KW

TA/

CGK

Inst

alla

tion

and

cons

truc

tion

of w

ater

di

strib

ution

cha

nnel

s, w

ater

ing

poin

ts30

.0W

RA/K

WTA

/ CG

KSu

b-To

tal

168.

9


3.4.4 Sustainable Land Management (SLM) ProgrammeKWTA in partnership with the county government of Kitui will promote the Sustainable Land Management Program (SLMP) to scale up and increase adoption of appropriate SLM technologies and where necessary pilot for specific agro- ecological conditions in the program in Endau-Malalani Locations that will serve as a demonstration sites. The overall objective will be to reduce the effects of land related degradation through sustainable land management practices. The program will be implemented through four components:

• Construct land management structures to stabilize soils;• Improve water retention and support efficient farm management practices; • Build capacity of key service providers and rural households in planning and

implementation of SLM practices• Enhance land tenure security of smallholder farmers

Program Objectivesi. Rehabilitate degraded lands/ areas and promote conservation agriculture

ii. Build capacity of farmers on sustainable land use and options

iii. Promote sustainable farming practices and management

Program PlanTable 3.5 present the plan intervention and specific activities staggered in a three-year phase. The activity plan details the activities, responsibilities, timeframe and resource requirements necessary for the delivery of each management action.


Tabl

e 3.

5: S

usta

inab

le L

and

Man

agem

ent P

ract

ices

ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Obj

ectiv

e I:

Reha

bilit

ate

degr

aded

land

s/ a

reas

and

pro

mot

e co

nser

vatio

n ag

ricul

ture

Soil

eros

ion,

land

de

grad

ation

, poo

r cro

p pr

oduc

tivity

, lac

k of

aw

aren

ess

on S

LM,

Gul

ley

reha

bilit

ation

Iden

tifica

tion

of g

ullie

s an

d gu

lley

form

ation

in E

ndau

-Map

ping

and

co

mm

unity

sen

sitiza

tion-

6 co

mm

unity

fo

cus

grou

p m

eetin

gs a

roun

d En

dau

Hill

s W

ater

Tow

er

2.5

KWTA

/ CG

K/Co

mm

unity

Esta

blish

men

t of o

ne th

emati

c co

mm

ittee

and

dev

elop

men

t of B

ill o

f Q

uanti

ties

for g

ulle

y re

habi

litati

on

1.5

KWTA

/ CG

K/

com

m

Iden

tifica

tion

of s

uita

ble

cont

ract

ors/

Tech

nici

ans

1.5

KWTA

/CG

K

Proc

urem

ent o

f reh

abili

tatio

n m

ater

ials

and

serv

ices

-incl

udin

g Co

mm

unity

co

ntrib

ution

15.0

KWTA

/CG

K

Reha

bilit

ation

of i

denti

fied

gulli

es, c

heck

da

ms

and

gabi

ons-

At le

ast 6

gul

lies

reha

bilit

ated

.

20.5

KWTA

/CG

K/CF

A

Soil

eros

ion

cont

rol i

n fa

rms

Map

ping

and

pro

filin

g of

farm

s in

End

au

Hill

s W

ater

Tow

er B

uffer

zone

3.5

KWTA

/CG

K/M

oA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Esta

blish

men

t of f

arm

ow

ners

clu

ster

s -T

o pr

ovid

e gr

oup

labo

ur fo

r soi

l ero

sion

cont

rol s

truc

ture

s

1.5

KWTA

/CG

K/M

oA

Mea

sure

men

ts o

f ter

race

s in

iden

tified

fa

rms

for d

iggi

ng s

oil e

rosio

n st

ruct

ures

2.0

KWTA

/CG

K/M

oA

Digg

ing

of fa

rm c

ontr

ol st

ruct

ures

-te

rrac

es-A

t-lea

st 2

00 fa

rms

with

soi

l and

w

ater

con

serv

ation

stru

ctur

es

5.0

KWTA

/CG

K/M

oA

Cons

erva

tion

Agric

ultu

re a

nd

prom

otion

of

appr

opria

te c

rop

varie

ties (

Drou

ght

resis

tant

)

Com

mun

ity m

obili

zatio

n an

d tr

aini

ng o

f fa

rmer

s on

con

serv

ation

agr

icul

ture

-At-

leas

t 30

ToTs

trai

ned

3.6

KWTA

/CG

K/M

oA

Iden

tifica

tion

or s

etting

up

of a

mod

el

farm

s in

End

au H

ills

Wat

er T

ower

, 2.

5KW

TA/C

GK/

MoA

Impl

emen

tatio

n of

con

serv

ation

ag

ricul

ture

pra

ctice

s-At

leas

t 100

farm

s su

ppor

ted

with

con

serv

ation

agr

icul

ture

an

d ap

prop

riate

cro

p va

rietie

s

14.0

KWTA

/CG

K/M

oA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Valu

e ch

ain

and

mar

ket

deve

lopm

ent o

n dr

ough

t res

istan

t cr

ops

Mar

ket a

nd v

alue

cha

in re

sear

ch o

f ag

ricul

tura

l pro

duce

3.0

KWTA

/CG

K/M

oA

Trai

ning

of f

arm

ers

on m

arke

ting,

ne

gotia

tion

skill

s an

d pr

oduc

t val

ue

addi

tion/

agro

-pro

cess

ing

incl

udin

g po

st-

harv

est s

tora

ge

2.0

KWTA

/CG

K/M

oA

Iden

tifica

tion

and

linki

ng fa

rmer

s w

ith

pote

ntial

pro

duct

buy

ers

2.0

CGK/

MoA

Obj

ectiv

e II:

Bu

ild c

apac

ity o

f far

mer

s on

sus

tain

able

land

use

and

opti

ons

Illeg

al g

razi

ng a

nd

Ove

rgra

zing

Com

mun

ity

sens

itiza

tion,

de

velo

pmen

t and

im

plem

enta

tion

of g

razi

ng

man

agem

ent

plan

s

Sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity o

n ca

rryi

ng

capa

citie

s, st

ocki

ng p

rogr

ams,

hyb

rids

and

graz

ing

man

agem

ent i

n al

l vi

llage

s-12

sen

sitiza

tion

foru

ms

6.0

KWTA

/MoA

/CFA

Esta

blish

gra

zing

man

agem

ent

com

mitt

ees-

6 gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

t co

mm

ittee

s in

all

subl

ocati

ons

with

an

umbr

ella

stee

ring

com

mitt

ee

6.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Dete

rmin

e ca

rryi

ng c

apac

ities

to

assis

t in

deve

lopi

ng h

olisti

c/gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

t pla

ns, b

ylaw

s an

d co

nflic

t re

solu

tion

mec

hani

sms

5.0

KWTA

/MoA

/CF

A/KF

S


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Deve

lop

graz

ing

and

holis

tic

man

agem

ent p

lans

to st

reng

then

fore

st

zona

tion-

Refe

r to

fore

st m

anag

emen

t pr

ogra

m-T

his

to in

clud

e by

law

s an

d co

nflic

t res

oluti

on m

echa

nism

s

5.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

/M

oA

Sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity in

all

sub-

loca

tions

on

the

graz

ing

man

agem

ent

plan

s an

d th

e by

-law

s

6.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Impl

emen

t the

gra

zing

man

agem

ent

plan

s in

clud

ing

supp

ortin

g to

es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f gra

ss s

eed

bank

s in

ev

ery

villa

ge/c

lust

er

5.5

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

/CG

K

Esta

blish

mar

ket f

or li

vest

ock-

Mar

ket

linka

ges

2.0

KWTA

/CG

K/M

oA

Com

mun

ity s

couti

ng a

nd p

atro

ls to

en

forc

e gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

t pla

ns a

nd

byla

ws

8.0

KWTA

/CG

K/KF

S//C

FA/D

CC

Publ

ic e

duca

tion

and

info

rmati

on

diss

emin

ation

Hol

d 6

Bara

zas

in 6

sub

loca

tions

to

sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity o

n SL

M

3.0

KWTA

/CG

K/DC

C

Deve

lop

info

-she

ets

for i

nfor

mati

on

diss

emin

ation

aim

ed a

t sen

sitiza

tion

cam

paig

ns

1.5

KWTA

/CG

K/DC

C


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Cond

uct t

hree

med

ia in

tera

ctive

se

ssio

ns in

loca

l med

ia st

ation

s- (M

usyi

FM

, Ath

iani

FM

, Syo

ukim

au F

m, C

ount

y FM

)

3.0

KWTA

/CG

K/DC

C

Obj

ectiv

e III

: Pro

mot

e su

stai

nabl

e fa

rmin

g pr

actic

es a

nd m

anag

emen

t

Poor

land

use

pra

ctice

s de

grad

ing

ripar

ian

area

s, s

and

harv

estin

g,

wat

er s

carc

ity

Prom

ote

sust

aina

ble

land

m

anag

emen

t pr

actic

es a

nd

refo

rest

ation

of

ripar

ian

area

s

Deve

lop

info

-she

ets

for i

nfor

mati

on

diss

emin

ation

aim

ed a

t sen

sitiza

tion

cam

paig

ns

8.5

KWTA

Cond

uct t

hree

med

ia in

tera

ctive

se

ssio

ns in

loca

l med

ia st

ation

s- (M

usyi

FM

, Ath

iani

FM

, Syo

ukim

au F

m, C

ount

y FM

)

13.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Deve

lopm

ent o

f Ter

race

s, c

ut-o

ff dr

ains

23.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Esta

blish

of w

oodl

ot e

.g. M

uken

geta

,

(Sen

na s

emea

), Ac

acia

nilo

tica

12.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Prom

ote

on-fa

rm

agro

fore

stry

pr

actic

es

Map

pot

entia

l far

ms

and

farm

ers

for

agro

fore

stry

inte

rven

tions

-at l

east

300

fa

rms

map

ped

and

profi

les

deve

lope

d-

12.1

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Trai

n 40

com

mun

ity m

embe

rs o

n Ag

rofo

rest

ry in

terv

entio

ns a

nd o

n-fa

rm

woo

dlot

est

ablis

hmen

t

8.6

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Trai

n 40

farm

ers

on N

urse

ry

Esta

blish

men

t-Tar

getin

g ap

prop

riate

tr

ee s

peci

es li

ke M

elia

vol

kens

ii

9.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Supp

ort f

arm

ers

to e

stab

lish

3 tr

ee

nurs

erie

s-Ta

rget

of 5

0,00

0 se

edlin

gs

for a

ppro

pria

te a

grof

ores

try

spec

ies

on

farm

s

14.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Cond

uct r

efor

esta

tion

and

woo

dlot

es

tabl

ishm

ent i

n m

appe

d fa

rms

in

Enda

u

18.0

KWTA

/KFS

/CFA

Sub-

Tota

l14

9.3


3.4.5 Community Livelihood And Education ProgrammeWater towers like other natural resources have been faced with the ever-increasing pressure of overexploitation. Provision of alternative livelihood options through nature friendly enterprises contribute to reduced pressure on extraction of natural resources for income. The high poverty levels coupled with high crop failure due to unreliable rainfall renders the community vulnerable and dependence on the water tower resources becomes the only option. Majority of the community members have resolved to charcoal burning to sustain their families during periods of drought.

The program intends to effectively engage the communities and stakeholders at large, living within the Water Tower ecosystem to participate in the sustainable management of these resources by providing viable and alternative livelihood solution along with addressing the issue of charcoal burning.Some of the alternative livelihood programs proposed by the community members during the plan preparation process included beekeeping, value addition of tamarind and baobab products, ecotourism, sustainable brick making among others.

Programme objectivesThe programme identified the following objectives and actions to support alternative livelihood options in Endau Water Tower

i. To promote alternative livelihood programs for enhanced community incomes.

ii. To facilitate value addition and market linkages for alternative livelihood products

The Programme PlanTable 3.6 presents proposed interventions and activities with a detailed implementation schedule. The activities are spread within an implementation period of 10 years.


Tabl

e 3.

6: C

omm

unit

y Li

velih

ood

and

Educ

atio

n Pr

ogra

mm

e.ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Obj

ectiv

e I:

To p

rom

ote

alte

rnati

ve li

velih

ood

prog

ram

s for

enh

ance

d co

mm

unity

inco

mes

.

Poor

cro

p yi

eld,

few

liv

elih

ood

optio

ns,

Char

coal

bur

ning

, For

est

encr

oach

men

t, O

verg

razin

g,

poac

hing

, ille

gal l

oggi

ng,

Low

edu

catio

n le

vels,

po

vert

y, ne

gativ

e atti

tude

s/Pe

rcep

tions

Alte

rnati

ve li

velih

ood

optio

ns-D

roug

ht re

sista

nt

crop

sAl

tern

ative

live

lihoo

d-Gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

tAl

tern

ative

live

lihoo

d op

tions

-Pou

ltry

farm

ing

(wom

en e

mpo

wer

men

t)Pr

omot

e us

e of

ene

rgy

effici

ent

Prom

ote

alte

rnati

ve li

velih

ood

optio

ns-B

ee ke

epin

g, D

airy

goa

ts

farm

ing,

Iden

tifica

tion

of a

t-lea

st 6

gro

ups

for b

eeke

epin

g an

d re

gist

ratio

n w

ith

the

rele

vant

mar

ket b

ased

orie

nted

or

gani

zatio

ns-T

he H

ive

inte

rnati

onal

, Af

rica

beek

eepe

rs A

ssoc

iatio

n or

the

Min

istry

of A

gric

ultu

re a

nd li

vest

ock-

At le

ast 1

0 gr

oups

iden

tified

and

fu

nctio

nal

Trai

ning

on

Beek

eepi

ng a

nd a

piar

y m

anag

emen

t, va

lue

addi

tion-

At

leas

t 30

peop

le tr

aine

d St

anda

rdiza

tion

with

the

Keny

a Bu

reau

of S

tand

ards

-Qua

lity

assu

ranc

eDe

velo

pmen

t of B

ylaw

s and

es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f man

agem

ent

com

mitt

ees

Site

iden

tifica

tion-

Map

ping

of s

ites

for e

stab

lishm

ent o

f bee

keep

ing

in

Enda

u Hi

lls W

ater

Tow

er

Feas

ibili

ty

stud

ies a

nd

deve

lopm

ent

of a

bus

ines

s pl

an to

es

tabl

ish

viab

ility

of

bee

keep

ing

in E

ndau

1.6

CGK/

KW

TA/ K

FS/

CFA/

NGO

s


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

4.1

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

2.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

3.5

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

2.5

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

2.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Cond

uct 3

focu

s gro

up m

eetin

gs

and

to se

nsiti

ze co

mm

unity

on

appr

opria

te c

rops

2.

2CG

K/ K

WTA

/ KF

S/ C

FA/

NGO

s


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Profi

le a

nd id

entif

y su

itabl

e cr

ops

for f

arm

ing-

3.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Trai

n at

-leas

t 20

com

mun

ity

grou

ps o

n fa

rmin

g of

suita

ble

crop

s-Dr

ough

t res

istan

t cro

ps a

nd

agrib

usin

ess

3.5

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Supp

ort e

stab

lishm

ent o

f mod

el

farm

s -At

-leas

t 12

mod

el fa

rms

and

3 bu

lkin

g/ag

greg

ation

cen

ters

es

tabl

ished

for d

iffer

ent c

rops

and

fa

rmin

g m

etho

dolo

gies

9.5

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Farm

er to

farm

er e

xcha

nge

visit

s an

d sc

alin

g up

2.

5CG

K/ K

WTA

/ KF

S/ C

FA/

NGO

sCo

nduc

t 10

com

mun

ity se

nsiti

zatio

n m

eetin

gs w

ith th

e co

mm

unity

ar

ound

End

au H

ills W

ater

Tow

er-O

n gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

t

6.1

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Supp

ort e

stab

lishe

d gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

t com

mitt

ee (R

efer

to

fore

st m

anag

emen

t pro

gram

me)

to

est

ablis

h gr

ass s

eed

bank

s and

bu

lkin

g ce

nter

s-At

leas

t 3 g

rass

seed

-b

anks

est

ablis

hed

4.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Supp

ort t

o es

tabl

ish 3

gra

ss b

anks

-So

urci

ng a

nd p

rocu

rem

ent o

f qu

ality

seed

, pla

nting

and

farm

m

anag

emen

t

12.5

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Scal

ing

up-T

rain

ing

of m

ore

farm

ers

and

tech

nolo

gy tr

ansf

er-H

arve

sting

of

seed

from

gra

ss b

anks

and

te

chni

cal s

uppo

rt to

scal

e up

-At-

leas

t 300

farm

s sup

port

ed

3.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Esta

blish

men

t and

trai

ning

of 2

0 co

mm

unity

wom

en g

roup

s on

poul

try

farm

ing

4.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Esta

blish

men

t of 3

mod

el fa

rms i

n 3

area

s in

Enda

u W

ater

Tow

er-T

o off

er

trai

ning

, inf

orm

ation

diss

emin

ation

an

d sc

alin

g up

9.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Mar

ket l

inka

ges-

Esta

blish

mar

kets

an

d off

er tr

aini

ng o

n ag

ri-bu

sines

s de

velo

pmen

t18

.0CG

K/ K

WTA

/ KF

S/ C

FA/

NGO

sSe

nsiti

zatio

n on

ene

rgy

effici

ent

stov

es3.

8CG

K/ K

WTA

/ KF

S/ C

FA/

NGO

s


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Trai

n co

mm

unity

on

use

of e

nerg

y effi

cien

t sto

ves

5.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Proc

ure

trai

ning

mat

eria

l7.

5CG

K/ K

WTA

/ KF

S/ C

FA/

NGO

sO

bjec

tive

II To

faci

litat

e va

lue

addi

tion

and

mar

ket

linka

ges f

or a

ltern

ative

live

lihoo

d pr

oduc

ts

Lack

of c

apac

ity o

n va

lue

addi

tion,

lack

of m

arke

t on

prod

ucts

Mar

ket l

inka

ges a

nd

Mem

oran

dum

of

Unde

rsta

ndin

g

Esta

blish

a c

entr

e of

exc

elle

nce

on

hone

y pr

oduc

tion

and

proc

essin

gEn

viro

nmen

tal a

nd S

ocia

l Im

pact

s as

sess

men

t stu

dy-Id

entifi

catio

n of

pot

entia

l pos

itive

and

neg

ative

im

pact

s M

emor

andu

m o

f und

erst

andi

ng

with

the

rele

vant

Kitu

i cou

nty

gove

rnm

ent a

nd o

ther

par

tner

s (fi

nanc

ial a

nd te

chni

cal c

ontr

ibuti

on

and

supp

ort)

and

the

com

mun

ityTr

aini

ng o

f com

mun

ity-a

nd

form

ation

of K

itui b

eeke

eper

s Co

oper

ative

soci

ety

Feas

ibili

ty

stud

ies a

nd

deve

lopm

ent

of m

ulti-

Agen

cy

coor

dina

tion

team

25.0

CGK/

KW

TA/ K

FS/

CFA/

NGO

s


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Benc

hmar

king

and

exc

hang

e vi

sit to

Ba

ringo

hon

ey p

roce

ssin

g pl

ant

Esta

blish

men

t of h

oney

pro

cess

ing

plan

t and

Cen

tre

of e

xcel

lenc

e on

ho

ney

prod

uctio

n, p

roce

ssin

g, v

alue

ad

ditio

n

2.5

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

2.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

1.5

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

5.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

25.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Nego

tiatio

n an

d sig

ning

of

Mem

oran

dum

of U

nder

stan

ding

(M

oUs)

with

bee

keep

ing

com

pani

es

and

if po

ssib

le K

FS fo

r bee

keep

ing

in th

e Fo

rest

incl

udin

g pr

ovisi

on

of te

chni

cal s

kills

and

pur

chas

e of

Ho

ney

and

hive

pro

duct

s

3.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Supp

ort t

o es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f at

leas

t 6 a

piar

ies i

n En

dau

Hills

Wat

er

Tow

er

24.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Supp

ort t

o sc

alin

g up

-Tar

getin

g 50

0 be

ehiv

es in

End

au12

.0CG

K/ K

WTA

/ KF

S/ C

FA/

NGO

sAl

tern

ative

live

lihoo

d-Va

lue

addi

tion

on B

aoba

b fr

uits

and

tam

arin

d fr

uits

(M

abuy

u)M

appi

ng o

f Bao

bab

and

tam

arin

d tr

ee d

ensit

y an

d pr

oduc

tion

capa

city

fo

r est

ablis

hing

a v

alue

add

ition

Ce

ntre

in E

ndau

Iden

tifica

tion

of p

oten

tial b

uyer

s of

pro

cess

ed p

rodu

cts a

nd

ente

ring

into

a m

emor

andu

m o

f Un

ders

tand

ing

Com

mun

ity

sens

itiza

tion

and

form

ation

of

farm

ers

asso

ciati

on-

(Mab

uyu

farm

ers’

asso

ciati

on/

grou

p)-1

2

3.6

CGK/

KW

TA/ K

FS/

CFA/

NGO

s


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

Trai

ning

of t

he fa

rmer

s gro

up

on su

stai

nabl

e ha

rves

ting,

val

ue

addi

tion,

mar

ketin

g, q

ualit

y co

ntro

l an

d st

anda

rdiza

tion

Esta

blish

men

t of c

olle

ction

cen

ters

an

d su

ppor

t to

proc

essin

g an

d va

lue

addi

tion

Qua

lity

assu

ranc

e an

d ce

rtific

ation

w

ith th

e Ke

nya

Bure

au o

f sta

ndar

dsSu

ppor

t to

esta

blish

men

t of a

pr

oces

sing

unit

in E

ndau

for b

aoba

b an

d ta

mar

ind

Supp

ort t

o sc

alin

g up

and

pa

rtici

patio

n in

regi

onal

and

loca

l ag

ricul

tura

l sho

w e

vent

s

sens

itiza

tion

mee

tings

in

Enda

u Hi

lls

Wat

er To

wer

5.5

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

1.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

2.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

1.5

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

2.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

20.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

3.6

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Lack

of a

war

enes

s on

Existi

ng P

olic

ies o

n Co

nser

vatio

nCo

mm

unity

Sen

sitiza

tion

Lead

ers s

ensiti

zatio

n fo

rum

sIn

corp

orat

e po

litica

l lea

ders

to

cons

erva

tion

wor

ksho

ps a

nd

cons

erva

tion

activ

ities

in E

ndau

Hill

s W

ater

Tow

er

Cond

uct

quar

terly

le

ader

’s co

nser

vatio

n w

orks

hops

in

End

au

and

Mal

alan

i lo

catio

ns-

Repo

rting

an

d jo

int

plan

ning

16.0

CGK/

KW

TA/ K

FS/

CFA/

NGO

s


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ACTIVITIES

2018-2021

2022-2024

2025-2028

BUDGET

RESPONSIBLE

13.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Deve

lopm

ent o

f Inf

o-sh

eets

and

se

nsiti

zatio

n of

pol

icie

s thr

ough

the

area

chi

efs a

nd a

ssist

ant c

hief

s

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Carr

y ou

t 2 L

ocati

onal

edu

catio

n ca

mpa

igns

ann

ually

on

cons

erva

tion

of E

ndau

Wat

er To

wer

dur

ing

the

dry

seas

on in

2.0

CGK/

KW

TA/

KFS/

CFA

/ NG

Os

Sub-

Tota

l15

4.2


CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK FOR THE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PLAN

4.1 Implementation of the plan and fundingThe Endau Hills Water Tower Ecosystem Management Plan (EHWT-EMP) will be implemented through a coordinated effort of all the relevant Stakeholders (Figure 4). The overall coordination will be through the Kenya Water Towers Agency working closely with County Government of Kitui. A local planning and implementation team will be constituted to support coordination of activities locally and will be guided by a multi-agency technical team that will give technical guidance to the plan implementation. Funding of the Endau Ecosystem Management Plan will be done through direct monetary allocation from KWTA and support from key stakeholders and development partners.The total cost of implementing this management plan is estimated to be KES 913.9 M. Funds for implementing the activities outlined in the management plan will be sourced by the Kenya Water Towers Agency in collaboration with other relevant partners

Figure 4: Endau Hills Water Tower Governing Structure


4.2 Amendments and Revision of the Management PlanEHWT-EMP is designed to be an effective and functional decision support tool for the sustainable management of Endau Hills Water Tower. The Plan will be guided by the vision, objectives and 5 management programs to be implemented within a period of 10 years. Each programme is guided by management objectives and under each objective and a series of specific management actions to be implemented. An annual work-plan will be developed to guide on the specific activities for the implementation of the plan. The plan is set to be reviewed after every 3 years to address emerging issues and align to the development partners and agenda.

4.3 Monitoring and Evaluation PlanA monitoring and evaluation plan has been developed as part of the implementation framework to successfully track execution of the proposed programs in the EHWT-EMP (Table 4.1-4.5). Monitoring will be key in tracking and reporting progress of the Plan’s implementation against the set targets for continuous feedbackand improvement. It will also be helpful in identifying program management issues as they occur and provide early indications of implementation inefficiency.Evaluation will assess the performance of the implementation and propose adaptive management strategies.

Management challenges(i) Understaffing –inadequate personnel for management of the water tower(ii) Inadequate resources such as finance and vehicles(iii) Non-compliance from the local communities in conservation and management

of the water tower(iv) Lack of well-established trees nurseries (v) Harsh climatic conditions(vi) Poor road network (vii) High poverty and low literacy level

Management objectives(i) Secure, rehabilitate and protect Endau Water Tower Ecosystem(ii) Develop and support sustainable land and forest Management practices that

promote ecosystem resilience and improved community livelihoods(iii) Establish synergy with all stakeholders for coordinated management of Endau

Hills Water Tower


Tabl

e 4.

1: M

onito

ring

and

Eva

luat

ion

Plan

for F

ores

t Res

ourc

es M

anag

emen

t Pro

gram

Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure

Means of Verification

Time Frame (Years)

Redu

ce fo

rest

en

croac

hmen

t an

d es

tabl

ish

clea

r bou

ndar

y

Com

mun

ity

sens

itiza

tion

·1

0 Pu

blic

bar

azas

(Six

in M

alal

ani,

four

in E

ndau

)- Co

mpr

ehen

sive

com

mun

ity e

ngag

emen

t in

prep

arati

on fo

r bou

ndar

y de

mar

catio

n·2

Wor

ksho

ps (O

ne in

Mal

alan

i &

One

in E

ndau

)-Est

ablis

h Lo

cal

plan

ning

team

on

dem

arca

tion

and

draw

wor

kpla

n·A

iring

of a

t lea

st th

ree

Cons

erva

tion

Educ

ation

Thr

ough

Lo

cal m

edia

(Mus

yi F

M, A

thia

ni

FM, S

yoki

mau

Fm

, Cou

nty

FM)

·P

rintin

g an

d Di

strib

ution

of 1

,000

Co

nser

vatio

n Br

ochu

res a

nd in

fo

shee

ts o

n En

dau

·P

artic

ipati

on o

n An

nual

Co

nser

vatio

n Ev

ents

·E

nhan

ced

awar

enes

s on

the

fore

st

boun

darie

s·V

olun

tary

exit

fro

m fo

rest

·B

roch

ures

/fly

ers a

vaila

ble

and

dist

ribut

ed

to co

mm

uniti

es

·R

educ

ed

Encr

oach

men

t in

cide

nces

·E

ncro

ache

rs

mov

e ou

tsid

e th

e st

ate

fore

st

boun

dary

vo

lunt

arily

·A

vaila

bilit

y of

br

ochu

res a

t co

mm

unity

le

vel

·N

o. o

f en

croa

cher

s th

at m

oved

out

vo

lunt

arily

·A

rea

of la

nd

secu

red

from

en

croa

cher

s·N

o. o

f br

ochu

res

proc

ured

and

di

strib

uted

·W

orks

hop

repo

rts/

Min

utes

·C

opie

s of

broc

hure

s/·F

ield

visi

t re

port

s

2 year

s


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Deve

lopm

ent

of E

ndau

W

ater

Tow

er

Ecos

yste

m

Man

agem

ent

plan

·F

easib

ility

stud

ies-

Criti

cal

Catc

hmen

t, Bi

odiv

ersit

y As

sess

men

t, Co

mm

unity

Re

sour

ce A

sses

smen

t·D

evel

opm

ent o

f Dra

ft En

dau

Wat

er To

wer

Eco

syst

em

Man

agem

ent P

lan

·S

harin

g, V

alid

ation

and

visi

onin

g of

End

au W

ater

Tow

er E

cosy

stem

M

anag

emen

t Pla

n·I

mpl

emen

tatio

n ac

tion

plan

de

velo

ped

at co

mm

unity

leve

l

·E

cosy

stem

M

anag

emen

t pl

an in

pla

ce

·R

educ

ed il

lega

l ac

tiviti

es in

En

dau

Wat

er

Tow

er·W

ell

cons

erve

d W

ater

Tow

er

·

No o

f pla

ns

(Prin

ted

and

dist

ribut

ed)

·F

inal

En

dau

WT

Ecos

yste

m

Man

agem

ent

plan

in p

lace

1 Ye

ar

Clea

r De

mar

catio

n of

Sta

te

Fore

st

Boun

dary

·M

appi

ng a

nd m

arki

ng o

f End

au

Wat

er To

wer

bou

ndar

ies

·E

stab

lishm

ent o

f bea

cons

alo

ng

the

mar

ked

boun

darie

s·C

lear

ing

of b

ound

arie

s-To

be

done

eve

ry y

ear

·B

ound

ary

for

the

Wat

erTo

wer

m

arke

d an

d be

acon

s er

ecte

d

·R

educ

tion

in

encro

achm

ent

inci

denc

es·B

eaco

ns

·N

o.

ofen

croa

cher

s m

oved

out

·B

ound

ary

map

ping

/su

rvey

repo

rts

·S

urve

y m

aps

with

real

igne

d bo

unda

ry a

nd

boun

dary

re

port

s

5 year

s


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Fenc

ing

Enda

u W

ater

To

wer

·F

easib

ility

stud

ies-

Way

-leav

e an

d po

tenti

al im

pact

s of f

enci

ng·C

ompr

ehen

sive

com

mun

ity

parti

cipa

tion-

12 V

illag

e le

vel

bara

zas i

n En

dau/

Mal

alan

i and

2

Focu

s gro

up m

eetin

gs·D

evel

opm

ent o

f an

Envi

ronm

enta

l and

soci

al im

pact

st

udy

repo

rt·C

omm

unity

and

stak

ehol

der

valid

ation

of E

SIA

repo

rt a

nd

appr

oval

by

NEM

A

·F

ence

ere

cted

·R

educ

ed

inci

denc

es o

f en

croa

chm

ent

·R

educ

ed il

lega

l ac

tiviti

es a

nd

HWC

·R

epor

ts o

n no

of

HW

C·R

epor

ts o

n No

. of i

llega

l ac

tiviti

es

·E

IA re

port

·F

enci

ng

repo

rt

2 year

s


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Form

ation

an

d St

reng

then

ing

of C

FAs

·6

com

mun

ity m

obili

zatio

n m

eetin

gs in

End

au/M

alal

ani t

o pu

blic

ize th

e fo

rmati

on p

roce

ss-

form

ation

of a

loca

l pla

nnin

g te

am·F

orm

ation

of a

n in

terim

CFA

co

mm

ittee

·D

evel

op C

FAs C

onsti

tutio

n an

d pr

esen

t to

rele

vant

aut

horiti

es

for r

egist

ratio

n-4

Mee

tings

with

th

e in

terim

com

mitt

ees-

(Dra

ft de

velo

pmen

t and

val

idati

on)

·2

trai

ning

Wor

ksho

ps fo

r CFA

s on

thei

r man

date

s, go

vern

ance

, re

sour

ce m

obili

zatio

n, fi

nanc

ial

man

agem

ent a

nd co

nflic

t re

solu

tion

(One

in M

alal

ani &

O

ne in

End

au)

·C

FAs f

orm

ed

·C

FA in

terim

co

mm

ittee

in

plac

e·C

FA

Cons

tituti

on·T

rain

ing

repo

rts

·F

uncti

onal

CFA

in

pla

ce

·C

FAs

form

ed a

nd

stre

ngth

ened

·F

ield

visi

ts

·F

uncti

onal

CF

A 3 ye

ars


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Gaze

ttem

ent

of E

ndau

W

ater

Tow

er

·1

0 Ba

raza

s (Si

x in

Mal

alan

i & F

our

in E

ndau

) to

diss

emin

ate

and

valid

ate

the

Enda

u W

ater

Tow

er

Boun

dary

repo

rt·F

inal

izatio

n an

d pr

esen

tatio

n of

En

dau

Wat

er To

wer

Bou

ndar

y Re

port

to th

e CS

for g

azett

emen

t

·E

ndau

Hill

W

ater

Tow

er

Gaze

tted

·C

opie

s of

Gaze

tte N

otice

·G

azett

e no

tice

·N

o of

bar

azas

·G

azett

e no

tice

·F

ield

repo

rts

3 year

s

Affor

esta

tion

and

Refo

rest

ation

- O

n-fa

rm

and

on st

ate

fore

st

·I

denti

ficati

on a

nd m

appi

ng o

f De

grad

ed A

reas

and

farm

land

s in

the

Wat

er To

wer

-Est

ablis

h siz

e nu

mbe

r and

ext

end

·I

denti

ficati

on o

f sui

tabl

e se

edlin

g so

urce

s·S

ite P

repa

ratio

n-St

akin

g an

d pi

tting

·P

rocu

rem

ent o

f App

ropr

iate

Se

edlin

gs·P

lanti

ng S

eedl

ings

in id

entifi

ed

area

s·R

egul

ar a

uditi

ng-S

urvi

val c

ount

s, sp

ot w

eedi

ng a

nd b

eatin

g up

·T

rees

pla

nted

on

-farm

·R

efor

este

d de

grad

ed a

reas

·R

ehab

ilita

tion

repo

rts

·S

ite

verifi

catio

ns·P

hoto

s of

refo

rest

ed

sites

·A

udit

repo

rts

·N

o. o

f se

edlin

gs

proc

ured

and

pl

ante

d·N

o. a

udits

ca

rrie

d ou

t

·F

ield

Rep

orts

·F

ield

Pho

tos

5 year

s


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Esta

blish

men

t of

ap

prop

riate

tr

ee se

edlin

gs

nurs

erie

s

·I

denti

fy p

oten

tial a

reas

for

esta

blish

men

t of t

ree

seed

lings

-At

-leas

t 3 a

reas

iden

tified

·F

orm

ation

of N

urse

ry

esta

blish

men

t gro

ups

·O

n-sit

e tr

aini

ng o

n tr

ee n

urse

ry

esta

blish

men

t ·P

rocu

rem

ent o

f nur

sery

mat

eria

ls·E

stab

lishm

ent o

f at-l

east

3 tr

ee

nurs

erie

s in

Enda

u ta

rgeti

ng

Mel

ia a

nd o

ther

app

ropr

iate

sp

ecie

s

·T

ree

nurs

ery

esta

blish

ed·C

omm

unity

gr

oups

es

tabl

ished

and

tr

aine

d

·N

urse

ry

esta

blish

men

t re

port

·G

roup

m

embe

rs

com

pete

ncy

leve

ls

·

No. o

f tre

e nu

rser

y es

tabl

ished

·N

o. o

f CBO

s

·R

epor

ts

·C

ertifi

cate

s·P

rocu

rem

ent

repo

rts a

nd

rece

ipts

4


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Susta

inab

ly m

anag

e Co

mpe

ting

Prio

rities

-e.

g. gr

azin

g an

d fo

rest

man

agem

ent,

over

stock

ing

and

sprin

gs

man

agem

ent,

Char

coal

burn

ing

and

agric

ultu

re,

logg

ing

and

fore

st m

anag

emen

t

Wat

er To

wer

Zo

natio

n·I

denti

ficati

on o

f End

au W

ater

To

wer

use

r zon

es-6

focu

s gr

oup

mee

tings

aro

und

Enda

u su

bloc

ation

s to

iden

tify

the

diffe

rent

site

-spe

cific

Wat

er

Tow

er u

ses

·M

appi

ng a

nd d

evel

opm

ent o

f fo

rest

and

buff

er zo

ne zo

natio

n m

aps-

·E

stab

lishm

ent o

f The

mati

c co

mm

ittee

s and

dev

elop

men

t of

confl

ict r

esol

ution

mec

hani

sms

·D

evel

opm

ent o

f for

est u

ser z

one

by-la

ws

·6

sub-

loca

tiona

l mee

tings

to

sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity o

n de

signa

ted

user

zone

s and

byl

aws

·F

enci

ng o

ff ex

clus

ive

man

agem

ent z

ones

-Are

as o

f hig

h bi

odiv

ersit

y ric

hnes

s and

criti

cal

hots

pots

·E

ndau

Wat

er

Tow

er zo

ned

·T

hem

atic

Com

mitt

ees

form

ed

·Z

onati

on a

nd

land

use

pla

n in

pla

ce·F

uncti

onal

m

anag

emen

t co

mm

ittee

s in

plac

e

·N

o. o

f Zon

es·N

o. o

f co

mm

ittee

s

·H

ard

copi

es

of la

nd u

se

plan

·M

inut

es·C

omm

ittee

s/fie

ld re

port

s

4 year

s


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Esta

blish

men

t of

fire

pr

even

tion

mec

hani

sm

Deve

lopm

ent

of F

ire e

arly

w

arni

ng a

nd

prev

entiv

e sy

stem

s

·C

ondu

ct o

ne F

ire ri

sk a

sses

smen

t an

d de

velo

p fir

e ris

k m

aps f

or

Enda

u W

ater

Tow

er-Id

entif

y al

l fir

e hi

gh ri

sk a

reas

and

mon

ths

·D

evel

op fi

re e

arly

war

ning

and

ha

zard

syst

ems u

sing

the

fire

risk

asse

ssm

ent r

epor

t and

map

s-·E

stab

lishm

ent o

f fire

ear

ly

war

ning

acti

on p

lan-

Inst

alla

tion

of fi

re w

arni

ng b

oard

s and

wat

ch

tow

ers i

n ar

eas i

denti

fied

as h

igh

risk

·C

lear

ing

of F

ire B

reak

s in

fire

pron

e ar

eas (

Kam

usa

and

Kala

vati)

·F

ire H

ot sp

ot

area

s map

ped

·

·F

ire e

arly

w

arni

ng b

oard

s in

stal

led

·

·F

ire b

uffer

zone

es

tabl

ished

·M

appi

ng

repo

rts

·N

o of

Fire

w

arni

ng

boar

ds

inst

alle

d

·N

o. o

f Fire

w

arni

ng b

oard

s·K

ms o

f fire

br

eaks

/buff

er

zone

s

·R

epor

ts·P

hoto

s·F

ield

visi

ts4 ye

ars


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Sust

aina

bly

Man

age

Char

coal

Pr

oduc

tion

in h

otsp

ots-

Ndet

ani

(Kilu

ilu)

Twam

bui (

Koi,

Mun

inan

i) Sy

ou

(Ngo

vovo

ni,

Ngilu

ni) K

athu

a (W

alan

zani

Com

mun

ity

sens

itiza

tion

and

effec

tive

legi

slatio

n

·C

ondu

ct 1

2 Ba

raza

s-Si

x in

M

alal

ani &

six

in E

ndau

to

sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity o

n eff

ects

of c

harc

oal b

urni

ng. A

reas

id

entifi

ed a

s hot

spot

s-Nd

etan

i (K

iluilu

) Tw

ambu

i (Ko

i, M

unin

ani)

Syou

(Ngo

vovo

ni, N

gilu

ni) K

athu

a (W

alan

zani

)·D

evel

op e

ffecti

ve le

gisla

tion

toge

ther

with

Kitu

i Cou

nty

on

Ener

gy e

ffici

ency

and

cha

rcoa

l bu

rnin

g-Pr

omoti

ng o

f ene

rgy

effici

ency

thro

ugh

subs

idie

s, st

reng

then

ing

the

patr

ol u

nit,

esta

blish

men

t out

post

s in

Enda

u,

and

exte

nsio

n of

the

char

coal

ban

·C

omm

unity

se

nsiti

zed

on

sust

aina

ble

char

coal

pr

oduc

tion

·E

ffecti

ve

Legi

slatio

n on

su

stai

nabl

e ch

arco

al

prod

uctio

n de

velo

ped

·N

o of

ille

gal

char

coal

ac

tiviti

es

repo

rted

in

cide

nces

·%

Red

uctio

n in

un

sust

aina

ble

char

coal

pr

oduc

tion

in

Enda

u

·

Arre

sts

·

No o

f le

gisla

tions

de

velo

ped

·

Copi

es o

f le

gisla

tion

·F

ield

repo

rts

3 year

s

Cond

uctin

g re

gula

r pa

trol

s w

ithin

the

Wat

er To

wer

th

roug

h Jo

int

enfo

rcem

ent

unit

·C

ondu

ct 1

5 pa

trol

s mon

thly

·S

harin

g of

situ

ation

repo

rts t

o re

leva

nt a

genc

y·A

ppre

hend

ing

offen

ders

·R

educ

ed

inci

denc

es

of c

harc

oal

burn

ing

·S

ituati

on/

Find

ing

repo

rts

·A

rres

ts

·N

o of

pat

rols

·N

o. o

f arr

est/

co

urt c

ases

·A

rres

t rep

orts

·N

o sit

uatio

nal

of re

port

s5y

ears


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Prom

ote

Ener

gy

effici

ent

tech

nolo

gies

·C

ondu

ct fe

asib

ility

stud

y on

en

ergy

opti

ons,

valu

e ch

ain

and

alte

rnati

ve so

urce

s of e

nerg

y in

En

dau

·I

denti

fy A

ltern

ative

/app

ropr

iate

en

ergy

sour

ces a

nd e

stab

lish

at le

ast 6

cle

an e

nerg

y vi

llage

s/cl

uste

rs in

End

au·T

rain

Est

ablis

hed

clea

n en

ergy

vi

llage

clu

ster

s on

effici

ent

ener

gy, f

abric

ation

and

in

stal

latio

n at

hou

seho

ld le

vel-

·I

nsta

ll at

-leas

t 600

ene

rgie

s sa

ving

jiko

s in

6 cl

uste

rs in

id

entifi

ed

·R

educ

ed

fuel

woo

d an

d ch

arco

al

prod

uctio

n

·%

cha

nge

in

fuel

woo

d uti

lizati

on fo

r ho

useh

olds

w

ith E

nerg

y effi

cien

t sto

ves

·N

o of

ene

rgy

effici

ent s

tove

s in

stal

led

·%

of h

ouse

hold

co

nver

ted

to

ener

gy e

ffici

ent

stov

es·N

o. o

f ene

rgy

effici

ent s

tove

s in

stal

led

·S

tatu

s Re

port

s·S

avin

gs·P

rocu

rem

ent

rece

ipts

3

Esta

blish

the

biol

ogica

l di

vers

ity st

atus

of

End

au W

ater

To

wer

Cond

uct

rese

arch

on

biod

iver

sity

and

ecol

ogy

and

repo

rt o

n st

atus

·C

arry

out

an

inte

nsiv

e bi

odiv

ersit

y as

sess

men

t and

re

port

on

spec

ies s

tatu

s·E

stab

lish

Biod

iver

sity

base

line

of

Enda

u W

ater

Tow

er a

nd d

evel

op

a m

onito

ring

fram

ewor

k fo

r sp

ecie

s of c

onse

rvati

on co

ncer

n·C

arry

out

in-s

itu a

nd e

x-sit

u co

nser

vatio

n of

bio

dive

rsity

sp

ecie

s of c

onse

rvati

on in

dice

s

·i

nfor

mati

on

on b

iolo

gica

l di

vers

ity a

nd

inde

x of

the

Wat

er To

wer

es

tabl

ished

·B

iodi

vers

ity

and

ecol

ogica

l st

atus

repo

rts

·S

peci

es

inve

ntor

y an

d in

dice

s de

velo

ped

·J

ourn

als

publ

ished

·N

o. o

f rep

orts

/jo

urna

ls·S

peci

es o

f co

ncer

n un

der i

nsid

e an

d ex

-situ

co

nser

vatio

n pr

ogra

m

·J

ourn

al

pape

rs·S

tatu

s rep

orts

·C

onse

rvati

on

stat

uses

of

spec

ies o

f co

nser

vatio

n co

ncer

n

3


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Prom

ote

activ

e Pa

rtici

patio

n of

Loc

al

Com

mun

ity o

n co

nser

vatio

n pr

ogra

ms

Stre

ngth

en

CFA

thro

ugh

incr

ease

d fu

ndin

g an

d tr

aini

ng

·T

rain

ing

the

esta

blish

ed C

FA a

nd

WRU

As o

n Fo

rest

man

agem

ent,

Tree

nur

sery

est

ablis

hmen

t, re

sour

ce m

obili

zatio

n, sc

outin

g an

d in

corp

orati

on in

to th

e Jo

int

enfo

rcem

ent u

nit

·E

stab

lishm

ent o

f Wat

er To

wer

Co

nser

vatio

n fu

nd fo

r CFA

s and

W

RUAs

to ta

p an

d pa

rtici

pate

in

cons

erva

tion

activ

ities

·T

rain

com

mun

ity sc

outs

on

fore

st

prot

ectio

n, jo

int s

urve

illan

ce

and

esta

blish

link

ages

with

the

Kitu

i Cou

nty

gove

rnm

ent f

or

supp

ortin

g co

mm

unity

scou

ts·S

uppo

rting

CFA

s and

WRU

As o

n Co

nser

vatio

n of

End

au W

ater

To

wer

thro

ugh

incr

ease

d fu

ndin

g st

ream

s·C

ondu

ct jo

int c

omm

unity

se

nsiti

zatio

n on

neg

ativ

e ef

fect

s of

uns

usta

inab

le e

xplo

itatio

n of

re

sour

ces i

n al

l the

6 su

bloc

atio

ns

·E

ffecti

ve lo

cal

com

mun

ity

invo

lvem

ent i

n co

nser

vatio

n pr

ogra

ms

·N

o of

CFA

m

embe

rs

trai

ned

·F

uncti

onal

W

ater

Tow

er

fund

·R

epor

ts o

n co

mm

unity

pa

trol

s·M

inut

es o

f jo

int m

eetin

gs·N

o of

peo

ple

sens

itize

d

·N

o. o

f tra

inin

g fo

r CFA

s co

nduc

ted

·N

o. o

f m

eetin

gs

cond

ucte

d·N

o. o

f joi

nt

patr

ols

cond

ucte

d

·R

epor

ts·C

o- man

agem

ent

plan

·P

hoto

s of

mee

tings

, join

t pa

trols

etc

·F

ield

repo

rts.

4


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Deve

lop

com

mun

ity

enga

gem

ent

plan

·M

ap a

ll st

akeh

olde

rs fo

r co

nser

vatio

n of

the

Wat

er To

wer

·D

evel

op a

com

mun

ity a

nd

stak

ehol

der e

ngag

emen

t pla

n ta

king

into

cons

ider

ation

gen

der

role

s·D

elib

erat

e en

gage

men

t of l

eade

rs

in co

nser

vatio

n m

atter

s-Re

gula

r le

ader

s mee

ting

in E

ndau

·E

ffecti

ve Lo

cal

com

mun

ity

enga

gem

ento

n co

nser

vatio

n pr

ogra

ms

·N

umbe

r of

join

t acti

vitie

s·N

umbe

r of

lead

ers

parti

cipa

ting

·R

epor

ts

·P

hoto

s

·R

epor

ts·P

lans

·J

oint

pla

ns·J

oint

fiel

d w

ork

3

Politi

cal G

ood

will

and

Lac

k of

aw

aren

ess

on E

xistin

g Po

licie

s on

Cons

erva

tion

Lead

ers

sens

itiza

tion

foru

ms

·C

ondu

ct q

uart

erly

lead

er’s

cons

erva

tion

wor

ksho

ps in

End

au

and

Mal

alan

i loc

ation

s-Re

porti

ng

and

join

t pla

nnin

g·I

ncor

pora

te p

oliti

cal l

eade

rs to

co

nser

vatio

n w

orks

hops

and

co

nser

vatio

n ac

tiviti

es in

End

au

Hills

Wat

er To

wer

·A

ctive

in

volv

emen

t of

politi

cal c

lass

on

cons

erva

tion

of E

ndau

Wat

er

Tow

er·P

olic

y aw

aren

ess

crea

ted

·N

o of

lo

cal

politi

cian

s pa

rtici

patin

g in

co

nser

vatio

n

·N

o. o

f m

eetin

gs h

eld

with

pol

itica

l le

ader

s·N

o. o

f pol

itica

l pa

rtici

pant

s

·R

epor

ts·L

ist o

f att

enda

nce

·C

orre

spon

denc

e

3

Annu

al

Stak

ehol

ders

fo

rum

·E

stab

lish

annu

al st

akeh

olde

r co

nser

vatio

n en

gage

men

t for

ums

·C

arry

out

2 L

ocati

onal

edu

catio

n ca

mpa

igns

ann

ually

on

cons

erva

tion

of E

ndau

Wat

er

Tow

er d

urin

g th

e dr

y se

ason

in

·E

nhan

ced

com

mun

ity

parti

cipa

tion

and

politi

cal

good

will

·N

o of

co

mm

unity

st

akeh

olde

r fo

rum

·P

oliti

cal

supp

ort

·%

incr

ease

in

com

mun

ity

parti

cipa

tion

·P

oliti

cal

good

will

·F

ield

repo

rts

5


Specific objective

Interventions

Activities

Output

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame (Years)

Elim

inat

e Ill

egal

Log

ging

an

d po

achi

ng-

Kath

ua

-Wal

anza

ni,

Twam

bui–

Ntha

ngan

i

Full

enfo

rcem

ent

of th

e la

w

·D

evel

op se

curit

y op

erati

ng

proc

edur

es (S

OP)

and

map

ho

tspo

t are

as

·E

stab

lish

2 ou

tpos

ts in

End

au

Hills

Wat

er To

wer

for i

ncre

ased

su

rvei

llanc

e ar

ound

and

repo

rting

·C

ondu

ct re

gula

r pat

rols

and

appr

ehen

d off

ende

rs

·R

educ

ed

inci

denc

es o

f ill

egal

logg

ing

and

poac

hing

·%

redu

ction

on

ille

gal

logg

ing

and

poac

hing

·N

o of

SO

Ps

deve

lope

d

·N

o. o

f ille

gal

activ

ities

·N

o. o

f pat

rols

·N

o. o

f cou

rt

case

s

·A

rres

t rep

orts

·P

atro

l rep

orts

·F

ield

visi

ts3

Esta

blish

Join

t en

forc

emen

t·

Deve

lop

join

t pat

rol p

lans

and

es

tabl

ish jo

int p

atro

l uni

ts·

Recr

uit a

nd tr

ain

com

mun

ity

scou

ts a

nd e

ngag

e th

em o

n jo

int p

atro

ls

·

Effec

tive

patr

ols

·

Enha

nced

su

rvei

llanc

e an

d in

telli

genc

e ga

ther

ing

·

No o

f uni

ts

esta

blish

ed·

No o

f peo

ple

trai

ned

·

No o

f pa

trol

pla

ns

deve

lope

d

·

Com

positi

on

of Jo

int

enfo

rcem

ent

unit

·

No. o

f joi

nt

patr

ols

cond

ucte

d·

No. o

f rep

orts

·

Repo

rts

·

Arre

sts

6


Tabl

e 4.

2: M

onito

ring

and

Eva

luat

ion

Plan

for W

ater

Tow

er P

rote

ctio

n an

d Se

curi

ty p

rogr

amm

eSpecific Objectives

Intervention

Action Points/ Activities

Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame(Years)

Elim

inate

Fore

st En

croac

hmen

t, Ille

gal a

ctiviti

es

Esta

blish

men

t of

a joi

nt

enfo

rcem

ent

unit

·St

akeh

older

map

ping a

nd id

entifi

catio

n of

relev

ant a

genc

ies fo

r Join

t Enf

orce

men

t-Sc

oopin

g and

selec

tion o

f sta

keho

lders

·D

evelo

pmen

t of a

Mem

oran

dum

of

Unde

rstan

ding f

or Jo

int En

force

men

t-De

tailin

g ter

ms o

f eng

agem

ent

·M

appin

g of h

otsp

ot ar

eas-I

llega

l acti

vities

m

appin

g and

iden

tifica

tion o

f are

as fo

r es

tabli

shm

ent o

f out

posts

and r

oad b

locks

/ch

eck u

nits

·Co

nstru

ction

of Jo

int en

force

men

t Unit

/Ou

tpos

ts an

d roa

dbloc

ks-A

t lea

st 3 o

utpo

sts

and r

oadb

locks

esta

blish

ed

·El

imina

te fo

rest

encro

achm

ent a

nd

illega

l acti

vities

wi

thin

the s

tate

fo

rest

·M

OU fo

r join

t en

force

men

t

·Re

ports

on

illeg

al ac

tivitie

s·M

OU in

plac

e·N

o of o

utpo

st es

tabli

shed

wi

thin

Enda

u

·Re

ports

·N

umbe

r of a

rrests

·A

rrest

Repo

rts·Fi

eld vi

sits

·Ph

otos

5

Stre

ngth

ening

of

Joint

en

force

men

t un

it

·Re

cruit

men

t /se

cond

men

t of t

he Jo

int

enfo

rcem

ent t

eam

-Multi

-Age

ncy t

eam

from

CG

K, KF

S, Co

mm

unity

scou

ts/CF

A·Tr

aining

need

s ass

essm

ent o

f the

Joint

en

force

men

t tea

m-Id

entifi

catio

n of t

he

traini

ng ne

eds o

f the

Joint

enfo

rcem

ent t

eam

·Tr

aining

of re

levan

t skil

ls-Pa

ram

ilitar

y, cr

ime

profi

ling,

scou

ting,

patro

lling e

tc ba

sed o

n ne

eds a

sses

smen

t·D

evelo

pmen

t of J

oint p

atro

l plan

s and

es

tabli

shm

ent o

f sur

veilla

nce a

nd re

porti

ng

mec

hanis

ms

·Eff

ectiv

e and

effi

cient

joint

en

force

men

t unit

·an

d pat

rol p

lans i

n pla

ce

·En

hanc

ed

effec

tive

patro

ls·

·Pa

trol p

lan in

pla

ce

·N

o. of

patro

ls·N

o of I

llega

l arre

sts

·N

o of p

eople

train

ed

·A

rrest

repo

rts·Fi

eld an

d tra

ining

re

ports

4


Specific Objectives

Intervention


Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame(Years)

Map

ping o

f Ho

tspot

s and

es

tabli

shm

ent

of a

real

time

infor

mati

on

cent

re

·Su

ppor

t to e

stabli

shm

ent o

f rea

l-tim

e dat

a co

llecti

on, c

ollati

ng an

d rela

ying c

entre

for

Enda

u Wat

er To

wer

·Id

entifi

catio

n of h

otsp

ot ar

eas a

nd m

appin

g fo

r inc

reas

ed su

rveil

lance

·Es

tabli

sh a

Real

time m

onito

ring a

nd

repo

rting

syste

m in

colla

bora

tion w

ith ot

her

agen

cies-M

obile

phon

es, c

onfig

urati

on,

com

pute

rs, se

curit

y app

licati

ons a

nd

sync

hron

izatio

n with

mob

ile da

ta co

llecti

on

devic

es·Tr

aining

of at

leas

t 30 p

eople

(sco

uts/r

ange

rs an

d com

mun

ity m

embe

rs) on

real

time d

ata

colle

ction

, coll

ating

and r

elayin

g ·Re

al tim

e sur

veilla

nce i

nfor

mati

on an

d m

onito

ring -

Piloti

ng an

d com

miss

ioning

·Se

curit

y hot

spot

ide

ntifie

d·In

form

ation

data

ba

se es

tabli

shed

·N

o of

hotsp

ots

map

ped

·Fu

nctio

nal

real

time

infor

mati

on

cent

re

·M

aps

·Fu

nctio

nal c

entre

Map

ping r

epor

tsFie

ld vis

its3

Nego

tiate

d co

mpli

ance

for

encro

ache

rs

·M

ap al

l enc

roac

hmen

ts ins

ide th

e for

est

·Es

tabli

sh an

d agr

ee on

evicti

on pr

ogra

mm

e wi

th al

l the

affec

ted h

ouse

holds

-Pre

-evic

tion

coun

sellin

g·Ca

rry ou

t pos

t evic

tion c

ouns

elling

and

follo

w-up

to su

ppor

t viab

le liv

eliho

od

activ

ities-S

ee liv

eliho

od pr

ogra

mm

e

·A

reas

map

ped

·Ill

egal

settl

ers

mov

edou

t of t

he

state

fore

st

·A

rea

·N

o of p

eople

ou

t of f

ores

t

·A

rea r

ecov

ered

·Fi

eld vi

sits

·Fi

eld re

ports

5


Specific Objectives

Intervention


Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame(Years)

Hum

an W

ildlife

co

nflict

Sens

itizati

on

and h

otsp

ot

map

ping

·Se

nsitiz

e the

com

mun

ity in

HW

C pro

ne

area

s-10 c

omm

unity

bara

zas a

roun

d End

au

hills

Wat

er To

wer

·Li

nk w

ith th

e rea

l tim

e dat

a cen

tre to

de

velop

Hot

spot

map

s and

esta

blish

HW

C m

itigati

on m

easu

res

·Re

duce

d HW

C·In

creas

ed

infor

mati

on on

HW

C

·N

umbe

r of

peop

le se

nsitiz

ed·%

redu

ction

in

HWC c

ases

·N

o of p

eople

·N

o of c

ases

·H

WC r

epor

ts3

Awar

enes

s cre

ation

on

com

pens

ation

·Se

nsitiz

e com

mun

ity m

embe

rs on

the

wildl

ife co

nser

vatio

n and

man

agem

ent A

ct 20

13 an

d pro

filing

of H

WC r

elate

d cas

es fo

r co

mpe

nsati

on·Es

tabli

sh lin

kage

s bet

ween

Kitu

i Cou

nty

Gove

rnm

ent a

nd Th

e KW

S for

com

pens

ation

of

HW

C rela

ted c

ases

·Es

tabli

sh H

WC c

onso

lation

fund

for d

eath

re

lated

case

s

·In

creas

ed

repo

rting

and

com

pens

ation

of

HWC r

elate

d cas

es·Re

duce

d HW

C·En

hanc

ed

know

ledge

on

com

pens

ation

pr

oced

ures

·Re

porti

ng an

d lau

nch c

laim

s on

profi

led

forw

arde

d to

KWS f

or

proc

essin

g·Fu

nctio

nal

HWC

com

pens

ation

fu

nd

·N

o. of

Com

pens

ation

cla

ims

·N

o of p

eople

train

ed·Fu

nctio

nal fu

nd

·Co

mpe

nsati

on

repo

rt·H

WC r

epor

ts·N

umbe

r of

com

pens

ation

s5


Specific Objectives

Intervention


Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time Frame(Years)

Esta

blish

wa

ter p

oints

outsi

de th

e fo

rest-

To av

ert

HWC r

elate

d to

wat

ering

po

ints

·

Iden

tify S

pring

s for

draw

ing an

d pipi

ng-

Map

ping

·

Esta

blish

men

t of W

ater

regu

lation

co

mm

ittee

s-At l

east

one c

omm

ittee

for

each

distr

ibutio

n cha

nnel

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f by-l

aws o

n wat

er

utiliz

ation

-Ens

uring

cost

shar

ing,

com

mun

ity co

ntrib

ution

and m

ainte

nanc

e re

gulati

ons

·

Deve

lop Bi

ll of q

uanti

ties f

or pi

ping a

nd

infra

struc

ture

·

Proc

urem

ent o

f mat

erial

s/con

tracto

r·

Insta

llatio

n and

cons

tructi

on of

wat

er

distri

butio

n cha

nnels

, wat

ering

point

s

·

Redu

ced H

WC

·

No of

W

ater

po

ints

esta

blish

ed

outsi

de th

e sta

te fo

rest

·

% Redu

ction

in

HWC

incide

nces

·

Reco

rds o

f HW

C·

Reco

rds o

f HW

C·

Reco

rds o

f nu

mbe

r of

peop

le ac

cess

ing

wate

r at

desig

nate

d wa

ter p

oints

4


Tabl

e 4.

3: M

onito

ring

and

Eva

luat

ion

Plan

for S

usta

inab

le L

and

Man

agem

ent P

ract

ices

Specific Objectives

Intervention

Action/ Activities

Out-puts

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Cont

rol la

nd

degr

adati

on,

poor

crop

pr

oduc

tivity

, an

d so

il er

osio

n,

Gulle

y re

habi

litati

on·Id

entifi

catio

n of

gul

lies a

nd g

ulle

y fo

rmati

on in

End

au-M

appi

ng

and

com

mun

ity se

nsiti

zatio

n-6

com

mun

ity fo

cus g

roup

mee

tings

ar

ound

End

au H

ills W

ater

Tow

er·E

stab

lishm

ent o

f one

them

atic

com

mitt

ee a

nd d

evel

opm

ent

of B

ill of

Qua

ntitie

s for

gul

ley

reha

bilit

ation

·Id

entifi

catio

n of

suita

ble

cont

ract

ors/

Tech

nicia

ns·P

rocu

rem

ent o

f reh

abilit

ation

m

ater

ials

and

serv

ices-

inclu

ding

Co

mm

unity

cont

ributi

on·R

ehab

ilitati

on o

f ide

ntifie

d gu

llies,

chec

k dam

s and

gabi

ons

·E

nhan

ced

land

m

anag

emen

t·In

crea

sed

know

ledg

e·Im

prov

ed la

nd

prod

uctiv

ity

·A

rea

of la

nd u

nder

SL

M·%

incr

ease

in la

nd

prod

uctiv

ity·N

o of

farm

ers w

ith

SLM

pra

ctice

s

·A

rea

·N

o of

farm

ers

·Fi

eld

repo

rts·Fi

eld

phot

os·Fa

rmer

te

stim

onia

ls·In

com

e an

d yie

ld re

cord

s

3


Specific Objectives

Intervention

Action/ Activities

Out-puts

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Soil e

rosio

n co

ntro

l in fa

rms·M

appi

ng a

nd p

rofil

ing

of fa

rms i

n En

dau

Hills

Wat

er To

wer

Buff

er

zone

·E

stab

lishm

ent o

f far

m o

wne

rs

clust

ers -

To p

rovid

e gr

oup

labo

ur

for s

oil e

rosio

n co

ntro

l stru

ctur

es·M

easu

rem

ents

of t

erra

ces i

n id

entifi

ed fa

rms f

or d

iggi

ng so

il er

osio

n st

ruct

ures

·D

iggi

ng o

f far

m co

ntro

l stru

ctur

es-

terra

ces-

At-le

ast 2

00 fa

rms w

ith

soil a

nd w

ater

cons

erva

tion

stru

ctur

es

·E

nhan

ced

soil

eros

ion

cont

rol

·A

reas

with

soil

eros

ion

cont

rol

stru

ctur

e·N

o of

Soi

l con

trol

stru

ctur

es

·A

rea

·N

umbe

r of

farm

er w

ith

soil c

ontro

l st

ruct

ure

·Fi

eld

visits

·Fi

eld

repo

rts·P

hoto

s4

Cons

erva

tion

Agric

ultu

re (C

A)

and

prom

otion

of

app

ropr

iate

cr

op va

rietie

s (D

roug

ht

resis

tant

)

·C

omm

unity

mob

ilizati

on

and

train

ing

of fa

rmer

s on

cons

erva

tion

agric

ultu

re-A

t-lea

st

30 To

T tra

ined

·Id

entifi

catio

n of

mod

el fa

rms i

n En

dau

Hills

Wat

er To

wer

·Im

plem

enta

tion

of co

nser

vatio

n ag

ricul

ture

pra

ctice

s-At

leas

t 100

fa

rms s

uppo

rted

with

cons

erva

tion

agric

ultu

re a

nd a

ppro

pria

te cr

op

varie

ties

·Im

prov

ed

farm

ing

tech

niqu

es

·E

nhan

ced

adop

tion

of

drou

ght t

oler

ant

crop

·H

arve

st

·N

o of

farm

ers

adop

ting

·%

chan

ge in

in

com

e

·A

rea

unde

r CA

·Fa

rmer

s pa

rticip

ating

·Fa

rm p

rodu

ce

repo

rts·In

com

e re

ports

·Fi

eld

visits

·Fa

rmer

te

stim

onia

ls

2


Specific Objectives

Intervention

Action/ Activities

Out-puts

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Valu

e ch

ain

and

mar

ket

deve

lopm

ent

on d

roug

ht

resis

tant

crop

s

·M

arke

t and

valu

e ch

ain

rese

arch

of

agr

icultu

ral p

rodu

ce·Tr

aini

ng o

f far

mer

s on

mar

ketin

g,

nego

tiatio

n sk

ills a

nd p

rodu

ct

valu

e ad

ditio

n/ag

ro-p

roce

ssin

g in

cludi

ng p

ost-h

arve

st st

orag

e·Id

entifi

catio

n an

d lin

king

farm

ers

with

pot

entia

l pro

duct

buy

ers

·E

nhan

ced

mar

ket

linka

ges

·N

umbe

r of

func

tiona

l mar

kets

es

tabl

ished

·%

Inco

me

chan

ge

·N

umbe

r of

mar

ket

esta

blish

ed·In

com

e

·In

com

e re

cord

s·Fi

eld

visits

·Fa

rmer

te

stim

onia

ls

3

Publ

ic in

form

ation

di

ssem

inati

on

·

Hold

6 B

araz

as in

6 su

bloc

ation

s to

sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity o

n SL

M

·

Deve

lop

info

-she

ets f

or

info

rmati

on d

issem

inati

on

aim

ed a

t sen

sitiza

tion

cam

paig

ns·

Cond

uct t

hree

med

ia in

tera

ctive

se

ssio

ns in

loca

l med

ia st

ation

s-

(Mus

yi FM

, Ath

iani

FM

, Sy

oukim

au F

m, C

ount

y FM

)

·

Incr

ease

d kn

owle

dge

on

SLM

·

Num

ber o

f m

edia

sess

ions

·

Num

ber o

f pe

ople

reac

hed

·

No o

f SLM

ad

optio

ns o

n

·

Surv

eys o

n SL

M·

Fiel

d vis

its·

Area

und

er

SLM

·

Num

ber o

f pe

ople

4


Specific Objectives

Intervention

Action/ Activities

Out-puts

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Agro

fore

stry

pr

actic

es

·

Map

pot

entia

l far

ms a

nd

farm

ers f

or a

grof

ores

try

inte

rven

tions

-at l

east

300

farm

s m

appe

d an

d pr

ofile

s dev

elop

ed-

·

Trai

n 40

com

mun

ity m

embe

rs

on A

grof

ores

try i

nter

venti

ons

and

on-fa

rm w

oodl

ot

esta

blish

men

t·

Trai

n 40

farm

ers o

n Nu

rser

y Es

tabl

ishm

ent-T

arge

ting

appr

opria

te tr

ee sp

ecie

s like

M

elia

volke

nsii

·

Supp

ort f

arm

ers t

o es

tabl

ish 3

tre

e nu

rser

ies-

Targ

et o

f 50,

000

seed

lings

for a

ppro

pria

te

agro

fore

stry

spec

ies o

n fa

rms

·

Cond

uct r

efor

esta

tion

and

woo

dlot

est

ablis

hmen

t in

map

ped

farm

s in

Enda

u

·

Enha

nced

fo

rest

cove

r·

Incr

ease

d ag

ro-fo

rest

ry

adop

tion

·

Incr

ease

d co

mm

unity

kn

owle

dge

·

Num

ber o

f pe

ople

trai

ned

and

adop

ting

·

Area

of

land

und

er

agro

fore

stry

·

Num

ber o

f pe

ople

·

Fiel

d vis

its·

Fiel

d re

ports

·

Phot

o

5


Specific Objectives

Intervention

Action/ Activities

Out-puts

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Elim

inat

e Ill

egal

gra

zing

and

man

age

graz

ing

Com

mun

ity

sens

itiza

tion,

de

velo

pmen

t an

d im

plem

enta

tion

of g

razin

g m

anag

emen

t pl

ans

·

Sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity o

n ca

rryin

g ca

paciti

es, s

tock

ing

prog

ram

s, hy

brid

s and

gra

zing

man

agem

ent i

n al

l villa

ges-

12

sens

itiza

tion

foru

ms

·

Esta

blish

gra

zing

man

agem

ent

com

mitt

ees-

6 gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

t com

mitt

ees i

n al

l su

bloc

ation

s with

an

umbr

ella

st

eerin

g co

mm

ittee

·

Dete

rmin

e ca

rryin

g ca

paciti

es

to a

ssist

in d

evel

opin

g ho

listic

/gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

t pla

ns,

byla

ws a

nd co

nflict

reso

lutio

n m

echa

nism

s·

Deve

lop

graz

ing

and

holis

tic

man

agem

ent p

lans

to

stre

ngth

en fo

rest

zona

tion-

Refe

r to

fore

st m

anag

emen

t pro

gram

-Th

is to

inclu

de b

ylaw

s and

co

nflict

reso

lutio

n m

echa

nism

s

·

Sust

aina

ble

lives

tock

Gr

azin

g ·

Incr

ease

d kn

owle

dge

on g

razin

g m

anag

emen

t·

Enha

nced

co

nser

vatio

n

·

Num

ber o

f fu

nctio

nal

com

mitt

ees

esta

blish

ed·

Num

ber o

f gr

azin

g pl

ans

impl

emen

ted

·

Num

ber o

f pe

ople

trai

ned

·

No. o

f co

mm

ittee

fo

rmed

·

Graz

ing

plan

es

tabl

ished

·G

razin

g m

anag

emen

t re

ports

·C

omm

ittee

re

ports

·Tr

aini

ng

repo

rts

3


Specific Objectives

Intervention

Action/ Activities

Out-puts

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

·

Sens

itize

the

com

mun

ity in

all

subl

ocati

ons o

n th

e gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

t pla

ns a

nd th

e by

-law

s·

Impl

emen

t the

gra

zing

man

agem

ent p

lans

inclu

ding

su

ppor

ting

to e

stab

lishm

ent

of g

rass

seed

ban

ks in

eve

ry

villa

ge/c

lust

er·

Esta

blish

mar

ket f

or liv

esto

ck-

Mar

ket l

inka

ges

·

Com

mun

ity sc

outin

g an

d pa

trols

to e

nfor

ce g

razin

g m

anag

emen

t pl

ans a

nd b

ylaw

s


Tabl

e 4.

4: M

onito

ring

and

Eva

luat

ion

Plan

for C

omm

unit

y Li

velih

ood

and

Educ

atio

n Pr

ogra

mm

eIssues

Intervention

Action/Activities

Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Dive

rsify

liv

elih

ood

optio

ns

Bee

keep

ing

farm

ing

·

Feas

ibili

ty st

udie

s and

de

velo

pmen

t of a

bus

ines

s pla

n to

es

tabl

ish v

iabi

lity

of b

ee ke

epin

g in

En

dau

·

Iden

tifica

tion

of a

t-lea

st

6 gr

oups

for b

eeke

epin

g an

d re

gist

ratio

n w

ith th

e re

leva

nt m

arke

t ba

sed

orie

nted

org

aniza

tions

-The

Hi

ve in

tern

ation

al, A

frica

bee

keep

ers

Asso

ciati

on o

r the

Min

istry

of

Agric

ultu

re a

nd li

vest

ock

·

Trai

ning

on

Beek

eepi

ng a

nd

apia

ry m

anag

emen

t, va

lue

addi

tion-

·

Stan

dard

izatio

n w

ith th

e Ke

nya

Bure

au o

f Sta

ndar

ds-Q

ualit

y as

sura

nce

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f By-

law

s an

d es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f man

agem

ent

com

mitt

ees

·

Site

iden

tifica

tion-

Map

ping

of

site

s for

est

ablis

hmen

t of

beek

eepi

ng in

End

au H

ills W

ater

To

wer

·

Incr

ease

d kn

owle

dge

on

beek

eepi

ng

·

Enha

nced

ad

optio

n of

be

ekee

ping

·

Apia

ries

esta

blish

ed

·

hous

ehol

d in

com

e

·

Num

ber o

f pe

ople

trai

ned

·

No. o

f be

ehiv

es

esta

blish

ed·

% o

f inc

ome

incr

ease

·

No o

f pe

ople

tr

aine

d an

d ad

optin

g

·

Hous

ehol

d in

com

e

repo

rts

·

Phot

os·

Fiel

d vi

sits

3


Tabl

e 4.

4: M

onito

ring

and

Eva

luat

ion

Plan

for C

omm

unit

y Li

velih

ood

and

Educ

atio

n Pr

ogra

mm

e

Issues

Intervention

Action/Activities

Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Dive

rsify

liv

elih

ood

optio

ns

Bee

keep

ing

farm

ing

·

Feas

ibili

ty st

udie

s and

de

velo

pmen

t of a

bus

ines

s pla

n to

es

tabl

ish v

iabi

lity

of b

ee ke

epin

g in

En

dau

·

Iden

tifica

tion

of a

t-lea

st

6 gr

oups

for b

eeke

epin

g an

d re

gist

ratio

n w

ith th

e re

leva

nt m

arke

t ba

sed

orie

nted

org

aniza

tions

-The

Hi

ve in

tern

ation

al, A

frica

bee

keep

ers

Asso

ciati

on o

r the

Min

istry

of

Agric

ultu

re a

nd li

vest

ock

·

Trai

ning

on

Beek

eepi

ng a

nd

apia

ry m

anag

emen

t, va

lue

addi

tion-

·

Stan

dard

izatio

n w

ith th

e Ke

nya

Bure

au o

f Sta

ndar

ds-Q

ualit

y as

sura

nce

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f By-

law

s an

d es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f man

agem

ent

com

mitt

ees

·

Site

iden

tifica

tion-

Map

ping

of

site

s for

est

ablis

hmen

t of

beek

eepi

ng in

End

au H

ills W

ater

To

wer

·

Incr

ease

d kn

owle

dge

on

beek

eepi

ng

·

Enha

nced

ad

optio

n of

be

ekee

ping

·

Apia

ries

esta

blish

ed

·

hous

ehol

d in

com

e

·

Num

ber o

f pe

ople

trai

ned

·

No. o

f be

ehiv

es

esta

blish

ed·

% o

f inc

ome

incr

ease

·

No o

f pe

ople

tr

aine

d an

d ad

optin

g

·

Hous

ehol

d in

com

e

repo

rts

·

Phot

os·

Fiel

d vi

sits

3

Issues

Intervention

Action/Activities

Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Mar

ket

linka

ges a

nd

Mem

oran

dum

of

Un

ders

tand

ing

·

Nego

tiatio

n an

d sig

ning

of

Mem

oran

dum

of U

nder

stan

ding

(M

oUs)

with

bee

keep

ing

com

pani

es a

nd if

pos

sible

KFS

fo

r bee

keep

ing

in th

e Fo

rest

in

clud

ing

prov

ision

of t

echn

ical

skill

s and

pur

chas

e of

Hon

ey a

nd

hive

pro

duct

s ·

Supp

ort t

o es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f at

leas

t 6 a

piar

ies i

n En

dau

Hills

W

ater

Tow

er·

Supp

ort t

o sc

alin

g up

-Tar

getin

g 50

0 be

ehiv

es in

End

au

·

Enha

nced

m

arke

t lin

kage

s

·

Sale

s·

Inco

me

·

Num

ber o

f fu

nctio

nal

mar

kets

link

ed

·

Num

ber o

f fu

nctio

nal

mar

kets

es

tabl

ished

·

Mar

ket s

urve

y re

port

s

·

Inco

me

/sal

es

repo

rts

3


Issues

Intervention

Action/Activities

Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Cent

re o

f ex

celle

nce

on h

oney

pr

oduc

tion

and

proc

essin

g

·

Feas

ibili

ty st

udie

s and

de

velo

pmen

t of m

ulti-

Agen

cy

coor

dina

tion

team

·

Envi

ronm

enta

l and

Soc

ial

Impa

cts a

sses

smen

t stu

dy-

Iden

tifica

tion

of p

oten

tial

positi

ve a

nd n

egati

ve im

pact

s ·

Mem

oran

dum

of u

nder

stan

ding

w

ith th

e re

leva

nt K

itui c

ount

y go

vern

men

t and

oth

er p

artn

ers

(fina

ncia

l and

tech

nica

l co

ntrib

ution

and

supp

ort)

and

the

com

mun

ity·

Trai

ning

of c

omm

unity

-and

fo

rmati

on o

f Kitu

i bee

keep

ers’

Coop

erati

ve so

ciet

y ·

Benc

hmar

king

and

exc

hang

e vi

sit to

Bar

ingo

hon

ey

proc

essin

g pl

ant

·

Esta

blish

men

t of h

oney

pr

oces

sing

plan

t and

Cen

tre

of

exce

llenc

e on

hon

ey p

rodu

ction

, pr

oces

sing,

val

ue a

dditi

on

·

Enha

nced

kn

owle

dge

on

beek

eepi

ng·

Incr

ease

d ad

optio

n ·

Enha

nced

Ho

ney

prod

uctio

n

·

No o

f tra

ined

co

mm

unity

m

embe

rs·

No o

f bee

hiv

es

·

Amou

nt

of h

oney

pr

oduc

ed·

Inco

me

earn

ed·

Num

ber o

f re

sour

ce

cent

res

esta

blish

ed

and

func

tiona

l

·

Adop

tion

of

beek

eepi

ng·

Num

ber o

f fu

nctio

nal

beeh

ives

·

Inco

me

·

Reso

urce

ce

ntre

s

·

Repo

rts

·

Fiel

d vi

sits

3


Issues

Intervention

Action/Activities

Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Drou

ght

tole

rant

cro

ps·

Cond

uct 3

focu

s gro

up m

eetin

gs

and

to se

nsiti

ze co

mm

unity

on

appr

opria

te c

rops

·

Profi

le a

nd id

entif

y su

itabl

e cr

ops f

or fa

rmin

g-·

Trai

n at

-leas

t 20

com

mun

ity

grou

ps o

n fa

rmin

g of

suita

ble

crop

s-Dr

ough

t res

istan

t cro

ps

and

agrib

usin

ess

·

Supp

ort e

stab

lishm

ent o

f m

odel

farm

s -At

-leas

t 12

mod

el fa

rms a

nd 3

bul

king

/ag

greg

ation

cen

tres

esta

blish

ed

for d

iffer

ent c

rops

and

farm

ing

met

hodo

logi

es

·

Farm

er to

farm

er e

xcha

nge

visit

s an

d sc

alin

g up

·

Enha

nced

kn

owle

dge

on

appr

opria

te

crop

s·

Incr

ease

d ad

optio

n of

dro

ught

to

lera

nt

crop

s

·

No o

f far

mer

s ad

optio

n·

Area

of

land

und

er

appr

opria

te

crop

s·

Farm

pro

duce

·

Yiel

d·

Area

of l

and

·

Num

ber o

f fa

rmer

s

·

Farm

repo

rts

·

Fiel

d vi

sits

·

Farm

ers

testi

mon

ials

5


Issues

Intervention

Action/Activities

Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Man

agem

ent o

f gr

azin

g·

Cond

uct 1

0 co

mm

unity

se

nsiti

zatio

n m

eetin

gs w

ith

the

com

mun

ity a

roun

d En

dau

Hills

Wat

er To

wer

-On

graz

ing

man

agem

ent

·

Supp

ort e

stab

lishe

d gr

azin

g m

anag

emen

t com

mitt

ee

(Ref

er to

fore

st m

anag

emen

t pr

ogra

mm

es) t

o es

tabl

ish g

rass

se

ed b

anks

and

bul

king

cen

ters

-At

leas

t 3 g

rass

seed

-ban

ks

esta

blish

ed

·

Supp

ort t

o es

tabl

ish 3

gr

ass b

anks

-Sou

rcin

g an

d pr

ocur

emen

t of q

ualit

y se

ed,

plan

ting

and

farm

man

agem

ent

·

Scal

ing

up-T

rain

ing

of m

ore

farm

ers a

nd te

chno

logy

tran

sfer

-Ha

rves

ting

of se

ed fr

om g

rass

ba

nks a

nd te

chni

cal s

uppo

rt

to sc

ale

up-A

t-lea

st 3

00 fa

rms

supp

orte

d

·E

nhan

ced

Graz

ing

man

agem

ent

·

No o

f co

mm

ittee

s es

tabl

ished

·

No o

f gra

zing

plan

s in

plac

e·

No o

f gra

ss

bank

s es

tabl

ished

·

No o

f far

mer

s tr

aine

d

·

Num

ber

·

Num

ber

·

Num

ber

·

Fiel

d re

port

s

·

Farm

ers

testi

mon

ials

·

Site

visi

ts

5


Issues

Intervention

Action/Activities

Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Valu

e ad

ditio

n on

Bao

bab

frui

ts

and

tam

arin

d fr

uits

(Mab

uyu)

·

Com

mun

ity se

nsiti

zatio

n an

d fo

rmati

on o

f far

mer

s as

soci

ation

- (M

abuy

u fa

rmer

grou

p)-1

2 se

nsiti

zatio

n m

eetin

gs in

End

au H

ills W

ater

To

wer

·

Map

ping

of B

aoba

b an

d ta

mar

ind

tree

den

sity

and

prod

uctio

n ca

paci

ty fo

r es

tabl

ishin

g a

valu

e ad

ditio

n Ce

ntre

in E

ndau

·

Iden

tifica

tion

of p

oten

tial b

uyer

s of

pro

cess

ed p

rodu

cts a

nd

ente

ring

into

a m

emor

andu

m o

f Un

ders

tand

ing

·

Trai

ning

of t

he fa

rmer

s’ as

soci

ation

/gro

up o

n su

stai

nabl

e ha

rves

ting,

val

ue

addi

tion,

mar

ketin

g, q

ualit

y co

ntro

l and

stan

dard

izatio

n·

Esta

blish

men

t of c

olle

ction

ce

nter

s and

supp

ort t

o pr

oces

sing

and

valu

e ad

ditio

n

·

Dive

rsify

liv

elih

ood

optio

ns

·R

educ

ed

over

depe

nden

ce

on w

ood

fore

st

prod

ucts

·E

nhan

ced

hous

ehol

d in

com

e·P

roce

ssin

g pl

ant

esta

blish

ed

·N

o of

peo

ple

parti

cipa

ting

·%

incr

ease

in

hou

seho

ld

inco

me

·R

epor

ts·P

hoto

s of t

he

plan

t·Fi

eld

visit

s

4


Issues

Intervention

Action/Activities

Out-put

Indicators

Measure


Time frame (Years)

·

Qua

lity

assu

ranc

e an

d ce

rtific

ation

with

the

Keny

a Bu

reau

of s

tand

ards

·

Supp

ort t

o es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f a

proc

essin

g un

it in

End

au fo

r ba

obab

and

tam

arin

d·

Supp

ort t

o sc

alin

g up

and

pa

rtici

patio

n in

regi

onal

and

lo

cal a

gric

ultu

ral s

how

eve

nts

Poul

try

farm

ing

(wom

en

empo

wer

men

t)

Esta

blish

men

t and

trai

ning

of 2

0 co

mm

unity

wom

en g

roup

s on

poul

try

farm

ing

Esta

blish

men

t of 3

mod

el fa

rms i

n 3

area

s in

Enda

u W

ater

Tow

er-T

o off

er

trai

ning

, inf

orm

ation

diss

emin

ation

an

d sc

alin

g up

Mar

ket l

inka

ges-

Esta

blish

mar

kets

an

d off

er tr

aini

ng o

n ag

ri-bu

sines

s de

velo

pmen

t

Incr

ease

d ad

optio

n of

di

vers

ified

liv

elih

ood

optio

ns

·

No o

f pe

ople

trai

ned

·

Mod

el fa

rms

esta

blish

ed·

No o

f peo

ple

adop

ting

·

No o

f pe

ople

·

Num

ber

of m

odel

fa

rms

·

Adop

tion

·

Fiel

d vi

sits

·

Fiel

d Re

port

s ·

Phot

os

4


Tabl

e 4.

5: M

onito

ring

and

Eva

luat

ion

Plan

for W

ater

Res

ourc

e M

anag

emen

t Pro

gram

ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ ACTIVITIES

Out-put

Indicator

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Cons

erva

tion a

nd

man

agem

ent

of cr

itical

wate

r so

urce

Ripar

ian

prot

ectio

n·

Map

ping o

f ripa

rian d

egra

datio

n ho

tspot

s·

Sens

itizati

on of

com

mun

ities a

long t

he

ripar

ian zo

nes-B

uy in

for r

ehab

ilitati

on-

all ho

useh

olds s

ensiti

zed

·

Com

mun

ity se

nsitiz

ation

mee

tings

in

Ndet

ani –

Muk

ooni

villag

e (Ko

lolo

strea

m, K

akam

e stre

am),

Katu

mbi–

Mut

alani

Villa

ge (K

waNz

itu st

ream

), M

utala

ni – K

ivou a

nd ot

her a

reas

to be

m

appe

d out

. As h

otsp

ots

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f a de

taile

d bill

of

quan

tities

for r

ehab

ilitati

on of

map

ped

ripar

ian zo

nes

·

Iden

tifica

tion o

f suit

able

tech

nical

expe

rts on

reha

bilita

tion o

f gull

ies an

d co

nstru

ction

wor

ks·

profi

ling o

f see

dling

sour

ces-W

ater

fri

endly

tree

spec

ies

·

Enha

nced

pa

rticip

ation

of

com

mun

ity

mem

bers

·

Degr

aded

ar

eas

prot

ecte

d

·

Area

s sec

ured

and

reha

bilita

ted

·

Num

ber o

f se

edlin

gs pl

ante

d

·

Area

of la

nd

Num

ber o

f se

edlin

gs

·

Repo

rts·

Phot

os of

re

habil

itate

d sit

e·

Field

visits

5


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ ACTIVITIES

Out-put

Indicator

Measure


Time frame (Years)

·

Site p

repa

ratio

n for

plan

ting o

f suit

able/

wate

r frie

ndly

tree s

pecie

s·

Reha

bilita

ting d

egra

ded r

iparia

n are

as·

Regu

lar au

diting

(sur

vival

coun

ts,

repla

cem

ents,

beati

ng up

, spo

t wee

ding,

repo

rting

)

Esta

blish

men

t an

d stre

ngth

en

Wat

er Re

sour

ce

User

s Ass

ociati

on

(WRU

As)

·

Iden

tify s

cope

of th

e End

au H

ills W

ater

To

wer C

atch

men

t to d

eline

ate t

he

WRU

As bo

unda

ry an

d dra

inage

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f WRU

A dr

ainag

e map

s an

d sco

pe·

Com

mun

ity se

nsitiz

ation

and f

orm

ation

of

loca

l plan

ning t

eam

and i

nter

im En

dau

WRU

A co

mm

ittee

-3 se

nsitiz

ation

foru

ms

in En

dau

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f con

stitu

tion a

nd

acqu

isitio

n of r

egist

ratio

n doc

umen

ts·

Regis

tratio

n with

the r

eleva

nt

auth

oritie

s-WRA

·

Func

tiona

l W

RUAs

in

place

·

No of

func

tiona

l W

RUAs

·

Num

ber

·

Regis

tratio

n do

cum

ents

·

Mee

ting

repo

rts·

Num

ber o

f co

mm

ittee

s·

Field

visits

4


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ ACTIVITIES

Out-put

Indicator

Measure


Time frame (Years)

·

Traini

ng on

gove

rnan

ce, fi

nanc

ial

man

agem

ent,

reso

urce

mob

ilizati

on,

confl

ict re

soluti

on an

d pro

posa

l de

velop

men

t·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f Sub

catch

men

t m

anag

emen

t plan

(SCM

P) fo

r End

au H

ills

Wat

er To

wer C

atch

men

t·

Supp

ort t

o im

plem

enta

tion o

f SCM

P pr

iority

activ

ities -T

his sh

all be

from

ot

her p

artn

ers a

nd th

e esta

blish

ed

Enda

u Hills

Wat

er To

wer C

onse

rvati

on

Fund


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ ACTIVITIES

Out-put

Indicator

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Sprin

g pro

tecti

on·

Iden

tify a

ll deg

rade

d spr

ings i

n End

au

Hills

Wat

er To

wer-M

appin

g and

deta

iled

repo

rt on

stat

e of s

pring

degr

adati

on

and p

ropo

sed r

ehab

ilitati

on

·

Deve

lop a

deta

iled b

ill of

quan

tities

fo

r reh

abilit

ation

thro

ugh f

encin

g, ap

prop

riate

plan

ting o

f tre

e see

dling

s, wa

ter d

istrib

ution

to av

oid ex

ploita

tion

·

Iden

tifica

tion o

f all s

pring

s req

uiring

fe

ncing

to se

cure

their

wat

er re

sour

ces

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f bill

of qu

antiti

es-

Mat

erial

requ

irem

ent

·

Iden

tifica

tion o

f suit

able

cont

racto

rs an

d te

chnic

al pe

ople

·

Fenc

ing

·

Redu

ced

sprin

g de

grad

ation

·

No of

Sprin

gs

prot

ecte

d·

Area

·

WRA

&

WRU

As

Repo

rts·

Field

repo

rts·

Phot

os

2

Reha

bilita

tion o

f de

grad

ed sp

rings

·

Site m

appin

g and

iden

tifica

tion o

f se

edlin

g req

uirem

ent

·

Site p

repa

ratio

n (St

aking

, pitti

ng an

d se

edlin

g deli

very

)·

Planti

ng of

appr

opria

te w

ater

frien

dly

tree s

eedli

ngs

·

Incre

ased

wa

ter

volum

es

Num

ber o

f spr

ings

reha

bilita

ted

Num

ber

·

Stat

us an

d au

dit re

ports

·

Phot

os of

re

fore

sted

area

s·

Field

visits

2.5


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ ACTIVITIES

Out-put

Indicator

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Deve

lopm

ent

of w

ater

inf

rastr

uctu

re

and d

istrib

ution

sy

stem

(Pipi

ng)

·

Iden

tifica

tion o

f spr

ings w

ith vi

able

wate

r sou

rces f

or di

stribu

tion

·

Deta

iling s

tate

of de

velop

men

t in t

he

sprin

gs·

Map

ping o

f the

distr

ibutio

n cha

nnels

an

d dev

elopm

ent o

f bill

of qu

antiti

es

for p

ipping

and d

istrib

ution

-Inclu

ding

cons

tructi

on of

wat

er po

ints/K

iosks

and

wate

r tro

ughs

·

Esta

blish

men

t of w

ater

man

agem

ent

com

mitt

ees a

nd fu

nd th

roug

h Pay

men

t fo

r main

tena

nce a

nd de

velop

men

t fro

m

the w

ater

kios

ks

·Re

duce

d spr

ing

degr

adati

on·N

o of p

eople

serv

ed·N

o of s

yste

ms

reha

bilita

ted

·%

Redu

ction

in w

ater

co

llecti

on ti

me

·Im

prov

ed w

ater

qu

ality

& qu

antit

y

·N

o of s

yste

ms

reha

bilita

ted

and p

eople

se

rved

·Fi

eld Re

ports

·Ph

otos

of

infra

struc

ture

·Fi

eld vi

sits

5

Prom

ote W

ater

Ha

rves

ting-

Roof

ha

rves

ting

·

Need

s ass

essm

ent i

n End

au H

ills W

ater

To

wer b

uffer

zone

hous

ehold

s·

Iden

tifica

tion a

nd pr

ofilin

g of a

t-lea

st 30

ho

useh

olds a

nd 4

scho

ols fo

r roo

f wat

er

harv

estin

g ·

Prep

arati

on of

Bill o

f mat

erial

quan

tities

fo

r roo

f wat

er ha

rves

ting

·

Proc

urem

ent o

f mat

erial

s and

ins

talla

tion o

f wat

er ha

rves

ting i

n at-

least

30 ho

useh

olds a

nd 4

scho

ols·

Com

mun

ity se

nsitiz

ation

-6 co

mm

unity

ba

raza

s on r

oof w

ater

harv

estin

g in

Enda

u Hills

Wat

er To

wer

·Im

prov

ed w

ater

ha

rves

ting a

t ho

useh

old le

vel

·N

o of w

ater

·N

o of h

ouse

holds

ins

talle

d with

wat

er

harv

estin

g sys

tem

s

·N

o of t

anks

and

wate

r har

vesti

ng

struc

ture

s·N

o. of

peop

le an

d live

stock

se

rved

·Fi

eld re

ports

·Fi

eld vi

sits

3


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ ACTIVITIES

Out-put

Indicator

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Esta

blish

men

t of

auto

mati

c wat

er

gaug

ing st

ation

s

·

Map

ping o

f rive

rs an

d stre

ams a

nd

identi

ficati

on of

pote

ntial

area

s for

ins

talla

tion o

f wat

er ga

uging

stati

ons

·

Proc

uring

equip

men

t and

insta

llatio

n in

desig

nate

d are

as-A

t-lea

st 3 g

augin

g sta

tions

insta

lled

·

Traini

ng of

loca

l WRU

A m

embe

rs on

info

rmati

on co

nsum

ption

and

disse

mina

tion t

o the

com

mun

ity fo

r ea

rly w

arnin

g and

prep

ared

ness

-pla

nting

, farm

prep

arati

on, a

nd di

saste

r pr

epar

edne

ss

·

Timely

data

on

river

flows

·

Perio

dic da

ta

reco

rds

Mon

thly

and a

nnua

l wa

ter v

olum

e re

cord

s/rep

orts

·

Mon

thly

and

Annu

al W

ater

re

ports

·

Field

visits

an

d rep

orts

5


ISSUES

INTERVENTION

ACTION/ ACTIVITIES

Out-put

Indicator

Measure


Time frame (Years)

Susta

inably

m

anag

e San

d Ha

rves

ting

Effec

tive

legisl

ation

·

Supp

ort K

itui C

ount

y Gov

ernm

ent

deve

lop eff

ectiv

e leg

islati

on on

sand

ha

rves

ting

·

Com

mun

ity /s

take

holde

r eng

agem

ent-6

co

mm

unity

bara

zas o

n effe

cts of

sand

ha

rves

ting f

or de

velop

men

t of K

itui

Coun

ty Sa

nd ha

rves

ting p

olicy

and b

ill·

One l

eade

rs wo

rksh

op to

sens

itize

politi

cal le

ader

s on t

he sa

nd ha

rves

ting

Polic

y and

bill

·

Deve

lopm

ent o

f Dra

ft Kit

ui Co

unty

Polic

y an

d Bill

on sa

nd ha

rves

ting-

Tech

nical

expe

rt·

Stak

ehold

er re

view

of th

e dra

ft Kit

ui sa

nd ha

rves

ting p

olicy

and b

ill on

sand

ha

rves

ting-

Valid

ation

·

Brea

kfast

mee

ting w

ith Co

unty

asse

mbly

re

levan

t com

mitt

ees t

o for

supp

ort t

o en

act t

he sa

nd ha

rves

ting p

olicy

and b

ill·

Med

ia en

gage

men

t and

lobb

ying

·

Pres

enta

tion t

o the

Coun

ty A

ssem

bly of

Kit

ui Co

unty

for d

ebat

e and

enac

tmen

t·

Com

miss

ioning

of Ki

tui C

ount

y San

d Ha

rves

ting A

ct

·

Enha

nced

m

anag

emen

t of

Sand

ha

rves

ting i

n Kit

ui

·

effec

tive

Legis

lation

on sa

nd

harv

estin

g in i

n pla

ce·

Sand

harv

estin

g co

mm

ittee

s in

place

·

No. o

f Co

mm

ittee

s es

tabli

shed

·

Copie

s of

legisl

ation

en

acte

d and

dis

tribu

ted

·

Minu

tes

·

Copie

s of

sand

ha

rves

ting

legisl

ation

·

Field

repo

rts

3


REFERENCES

Barber, R. G., D. B. Thomas, & Moore., T. R. (1981). Studies on soil erosion and runoff and proposed design procedures for terraces in the cultivated, semi-arid areas of Machakos District, Kenya. In Soil conservation: Problems and prospects Paper presented at the Proceedings of Conservation 80, the International Conference on Soil Conservation held at the National College of Agricultural Engineering, Silsoe, Bedford, UK, 21st-25th July, 1980, New York.

Beentje, H. J. (1990). Proceedings of the Twelfth Plenary Meeting of AETFAT. Paper presented at the Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine Botanik der Universität Hamburg, Humburg.

Bernard, F. E., D. J. Campbell, & Thom., D. J. (1989). Carrying capacity of the eastern ecological gradient of Kenya. National Geographic Research V(4), 399-421.

Climate-Data.org. from https://en.climate-data.org/region/1720/

EU. (2014). Fifth Report ofthe European Union to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Brussel- Belgium: European Commision.

Gachathi, F. N., & Amwatta, M. (2005). A Vital Habitat and Drought Coping Strategies in Drylands: The Case of Endau Hilltop Forest, Kitui District, Kenya. International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP), . Bonn, Germany.

GOK. (1999). Republic of Kenya;Laws of Kenya Environmental Management and Coordination Act. Nairobi: Government Printers.

GOK. (2007). Kenya Vision 2030. Nairobi: Government Printers.

GOK. (2010). Kenya Constitution 2010. Nairobi: National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney-General Retrieved from www.kenyalaw.org.

GOK. (2012). Laws of Kenya; The Land Act, 2012 NO. 6. Nairobi: Government Printers Retrieved from www.kenyalaw.org.

GOK. (2013). Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 18/ (Acts No. 47):The Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013 1235. Nairobi: Government Printers.

GOK. (2015). Kenya Gazette Supplement No.74 (Acts No. 5): Environmental Management and Coordination (Amended) Act, 2015. Nairobi.

GOK. (2016a). Forest Conservation and Management Act, 2016;THIRD SCHEDULE (s. 77(a));GAZETTED PUBLIC FORESTS. (34). Nairobi: Government Printers.

GOK. (2016b). Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 149 (Acts No. 28): The Land Laws (Amendment) Act,2016.... ...........555. Nairobi: Governmnet Printers.


GOK. (2016c). Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 155 (Acts No. 34):The Forest Conservation and Management Act, 2016;. Nairobi.

GOK. (2016d). Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 164 (Acts No.43). Nairobi: Government Printers Retrieved from www.kenyalaw.org.

Malonza, P. K., Muasya, A. M., Lange, C., Webala, P., Mulwa, R. K., Wasonga, D. V., . . . Malaki, P. (2006). Biodiversity assessment in dryland hilltops of Kitui and Mwingi districts. Biodiversity assessment in dryland. Nairobi-Kenya: National Museums of Kenya (NMK).

MEMR. (2012). Masterplan for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Water Catchment Areas in Kenya”. Nairobi: Government printers Retrieved from https://www.preventionweb.net/files/34692_conservationmasterplanfinal.pdf.

UN. (1992). United Nations Sustainable Development. Paper presented at the United Nations Conference on Environment & Development -Agenda 21, Rio de Janerio, Brazil.

UNEP. (1993). Conference for the Adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Paper presented at the Convention on Biological Diversity, Nairobi.


APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Endau hills Water Tower list of stakeholders

S/no Organization Category of stakeholder

Conservation involvement rating in Endau

Contacts

1. County Government-Kitui State Moderate 0722240042

2. CGK-Department of Energy State Low

3. CGK-Department of Environment

State Moderate 07258190050733433336

4. CGK- Department of Agri/livestock/water

State Low 0727704039

5. CGK- Department of Lands State Moderate

6. MCA Endau/Malalani ward State Moderate 0725783815

7. KFS State Moderate 0722780999

8. KEFRI State Moderate 07229832380722427231

9. CARITAS-Kitui Non-State Moderate [email protected]

10. NEMA-Kitui State Low 0724028485

11. Water Resource Authority State Low 0721520508

12. CEFA Non-State Lows 079073321013. Kitui County Charcoal

Transporters AssociationNon-State Low 0713872802

14. County Commissioner- Kitui State Moderate 0712193403

15. Eastern Environmental concern Non-State Low 0713152564

16. Kenyatta University State Low


S/no Organization Category of stakeholder

Conservation involvement rating in Endau

Contacts

17. SEKU-University State Moderate [email protected]

Met-Department-Kitui State Low

Better Globe forestry Non-State Low 0790758207

Tana-Athi water services board State Low

KWS State Low

Green Africa Foundation Non-State Low 0714188538 /0722722915

National Drought Management Authority(NDMA)

State Low 0721279580

SASOL (Sahelian Solutions) Non-State Low 0720273244

Kenya Climate Change Working Group

Non-State Low 0723113896

Anglican Development Services Non-State Low 0722286950

Community Voluntary Development Network Association

Non-State Moderate 0717590004

Area Chiefs State High 0727816387

Endau Community Members Public High


Appendix 2: Water resourcesRiver Usual state State of flooding

down streamSource

Enziu Seasonal NO Mwingi areaKakungumele Seasonal NO Endau hillKathothya Seasonal NO Kathothya springKalulu Seasonal NO Endau HillMunyuni seasonal YES/MinimalKololo Seasonal YES/ Minimal RunoffKakongwe Seasonal NO Ikituku,Kwa Kamba, YongoniEli Mukuyu Seasonal NO Kang’elaKwa Kisamaba Seasonal NO Kwa KisambaMukanga Seasonal NO Kwa Kalu

Appendix 3: Water Springs in Endau Forest HillName of Spring Location Altitude in

metres aslMain uses Threats

Katathani (1) spring Malalani within forest boundary

857 Watering livestock

Siltation & erosion caused by over grazing

Katathani (2) spring Malalani within forest boundary

845 Watering livestock & domestic uses

-do-

Mativo Katothia cave

Malalani 650 Domestic consumption

Siltation from upstream sediments

Yamyundo spring Malalani within forest boundary

758 Dried up since 1960

Siltation & livestock grazing

Kaundwa springs (Two sets of water springs)

Malalani 1,060 Watering livestock & domestic uses

Erosion & siltation from uncontrolled grazing and watering

Kaliluni spring Twambui location within forest boundary

674 Watering for livestock & wildlife

Grazing, charcoal production, wanton tree felling, soil erosion


Name of Spring Location Altitude in metres asl

Main uses Threats

Kwa-Mbusyu spring Katumbi location 243 Public access spring

Charcoal production, wanton tree felling, soil erosion

Kivou spring; -never dries up

Katumbi location within Endau forest

889 Watering livestock

Siltation due to upland erosion

Kitungu shallow well-privately owned

Ndetani location 477 Watering livestock & domestic uses

Sedimentation & erosion from vegetation clearing

Kangela spring-permanent water source

Katumbi location-within Endau forest

548 Domestic consumption and livestock

Potentially erosion from grazing & tree felling

Kwa-Muungwa spring

Katumbi location within Endau forest

750 Livestock watering point

Grazing, erosion & sedimentation

Kwa-Kisamba spring Syou location within Endau forest

795 Livestock watering

Exposure to erosion caused by over grazing

Kwa-Mpepo spring Katumbi location 789 Mainly for domestic uses

Wildlife conflicts and siltation from upland erosion

Kwa-Muteiya water project/spring

Syou location 890 Watering point for livestock/wildlife

Grazing livestock, sedimentation & erosion

Ngunga imwe Syou location within Endau forest

1,050 Domestic uses Uncontrolled grazing, vandalism of water pipes


Appendix 4: The Planning ProcessThe planning process was based on the following guidelines:

i. Pre-planning and Scoping the PlanThis established the scope of work, developed the Terms of Reference (ToRs) and resource mobilization strategies. The plan gave clarification on the rationale for a management plan, gave a time-frame for the plan, delegated responsibilities, with a detailed work plan and outlined a budget.

ii.Stakeholder engagementThis was accomplished through identifying the exceptional values of Water towers and developing a vision statement based on these values and involved the following;

iii. Developing a vision statement and objective for the Water Tower The management plan considered what the Stakeholders desired as the future condition of the Water Tower and articulated it in a vision statement. It involved integrating ecological, socio-economic, cultural, spiritual, technological, political and institutional perspectives. The vision provides the desired goal for the Endau Ecosystem at the end of the implementation period. The visioning workshop was conducted in Kitui County on June 2018. Ecosystem Management objectives depicted the precise goals that the management plan aims to achieve. All stakeholders were involved in formulating the objectives to ensure common understanding and ownership during implementation. These objectives were linked to the management strategies and activities.

iv. Drafting the Management PlanAll the information collected consolidated by KWTA producing the first draft that was subjected to a stakeholder review and validation

v. Content validation, visioning and management plan draft validationThe Ecosystem Management plan draft was subjected to a stakeholder workshop to validate the Ecosystem Management plan contents, critique and provide more information on the process of development. During this workshop, visioning, action planning and validation of the Ecosystem Management plan was done.

vi. Review and finalizing the Ecosystem Management PlanThe final Endau Ecosystem Management Plan was subjected to external review by experts, compilation and designing after which it was endorsed by the main implementing agencies.


Appendix 5: Attendance List of StakeholdersEndau Ecosystem Management Plan Dissemination-Kitui County Stakeholders

Name Institution ID Contact

EVERLYNE KITAVI County Government of Kitui (CGOK)-ENR

26409592 0723324505

FRANCIS MULU CGOK- LIHUD 30230887 0721690200

MARY MBUUKO Endau Malalani Ward Administrator

24382269 0724493928

BENARD MULEVU CGOK-LIHUD 1043517 0720814055

DENNIS ISIKA SEKU 22071019 0724641447

NYAMAI VUVA MUSEKAVO CFA 20318491 0728639501

SUSAN K. MULI CGOK-ENR 34468894 0708594590

FAITH MOKI CGOK-ENR 25254896 0729876992

ROSEMARY MUSAU CGOK-AGRI 7409536 0711467493

JOSEPH MUSYOKA MEDIA 29007322 0716136876

YOANA KIMWELE MEDIA 22589295 0713251646

DR. WINFRED MUSILA KWTA 10514961 0722493915

SYLVIA MWALEWA KEFRI-KITUI 25045373 0716503199

LUCY KADENYI METAMETA-NGO 3137059 0703480669

CHARLES GITONGA KFS-MUTITU 9697635 0722912765

BERNARD K. KIGWA KEFRI-KITUI 36063009 0722427231

MARGARET MAWIA WRA 26936782 0711404818

vii. Endorsement and approval for implementationThis involved submission of the final plan for approval by the management of Kenya Water Tower Agency (KWTA) and dissemination to all relevant stakeholders.

viii. Management Plan Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting In order to successfully track implementation of the Management Plan, a monitoring framework was developed. This will help to track and report on progress on the Plan’s implementation against the set targets. It will help in identifying program management issues and provide early feedback in implementation process for adaptive management.


ELIUD K. MWANGI WRA 3702384 0714556231

SAMUEL N. KIMANTHI CHIEF-ENDAU LOCATION 0275553 0727816387

KENNEDY MICHUBU KWTA 28266728 0725915313

JOSHUA MAINGA KWTA 14426242 0712064358

MIRRIAM MUTUKU KWTA 10114006 0726304952

JOYCE WANGARI KWTA 29633660 0728101868

JUSTUS EREGAE KWTA 2144261 0723805913

ODIDO J. OBIERO NGAO 10599838 0722530143

VINCENT MAINGA KWTA 20758139 0719118343

PUBLIC BARAZA ENDAU ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PLAN DISERMINATION-KAMUSA SHOPPING CENTER-ENDAU LOCATION

No. Name ID no TEL NO

1. Waindo Nambu

2. Nzevela Musembi

3. Katuta Kithongo 0710526082

4. Samuel Kiema 3195929 0719334414

5. Mulamu Mutungi 14448480 0702555469

6. Kula Mwanza 11856065 0714220096

7. Daniel Musya 4636009

8. Stephen Munyao 23826327 0720350711

9. Elijah Mutemi 298833276 0701912818

10. Onesmus Kimantho 8310682 0714140512

Elizabeth Kamuti

Kisilu

Kimanzi Musya 20769267 0712016017

Jane Kagogo 33791990 0792871923

Geoffrey Malombe 3717294 0720343924

Kamuti Muthoka 8536882 0713578725

Musau Watene 7413909 0708274760

Geoffrey Kitungu 14458547 0700763410



Kingole Kisuu 94275064 0711936348

Kiosya Mbiwa 26329721 0713697650

Salome Mungola 21170119 0703438447

Musenya Kaula 6814228 0702923895

Faith Nguu 32089288 0792760050

Musali Kimeu 25887807 0718846502

Rose Kamama 0795655263

Kamene Ngei

Jonathan Makati 11856493 0727913008

Festus Tito 4636577 0702400488

Nzomo Mulinge 6388949 0700068309

Mauta Msulu 6388067 0711484803

Ngei Kimeu 10434417 0708381818

Mbai Munyanga 9937041 0728976505

Mutemi Kithongo 30639711

Nzamba Mutua 5332360 0716253967

Ngena Kimanthi

Kathendu Muthui 20136860 0720909006

Samuel Mesembi 12630054 0712097881

Elijah Mulingwa 9277817 0716661001

Mulinge Kyengo

Esther Mary 0712915935

Katuku Kamuti

Eliza Nzambali 30644464 0712469557

Wanzia Mutemi 25783101 0712835907

Kalee Kwaya

Karata Nanta 0700511470

Kaunga Kimweli

Kalimi Muthoka 14455858

Syambua Mulwa



Mwikali Kiema

Mwende Mbaluka

Kamitha Ndia 20630307 0790971761

Ngwenze Mutungi

Musingi Muthangya 6814072 0713268587

Syambua Kimwele 0723675310

Musembe Mutisya 0708067273

Kaki Mburi 9445331

Nzomo Mbiwa 11855918 0724889334

Ngala Ndaka

Samuel Musemi 32941365

Wamburo Munyasua

Mutunga Ndetei

Musowa Syovu

Anwa Thalu

PUBLIC BARAZA ENDAU ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PLAN DISERMINATION-KOI SHOPPING CENTER-MALALANI LOCATION

Elijah Kisilu 1737648 0727461620

Kimanzi Mwengi 11856107 0702399579

Kimende Ndetei

Kithembe Ndetei

Nzyoki Kithuku

Mumbwa Wambua

Mbeti Mwakuya

Munyau Mutua


Mbaki Munyau

Muthoka Musila

Nzamba Mutua

John Muli

Musembi Mbevo

Willy Kavoi

Musembi Mutisya 0708067273

Kaki Mbuvi 9445331

Nzomo Mbiwa 11855918 0724889334

Ngaka Ndaka

Samuel Musembi

Wambuso Musyoka

Samuel Musembi

Wambuso Munyasya

Mutunga Ndetei

Musyoka Syovo

Ann Thalu


Appendix 6: Local Planning Team

endau hills water tower

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