ending child hungerand undernutrition

initiative

overview of issuesand moving forward

Copenhagen, 19 June 2006

Session Overview

• Overview of Initiative Where did it come from? What are its major elements? What’s new? What’s not? When will the Initiative be initiated? Major challenges moving forward

• Field Highlights Regional Level Political Mobilisation and Partnership Development in

Latin America and the Caribbean Partnering with Local Institutions for National Advocacy in India Delivering the ‘essential package’ for child survival in Ethiopia

• General Discussion

• Global Campaign Efforts: Update on ‘Walk the World’

Initiative Reference Points1. Agreed – MDG Targets and Indicators2. Partnership with UNICEF

2005 MOU between WFP and UNICEF Shared conceptual framework 30 country offices already collaborating on child hunger

efforts

3. Key publications Concept Note (WFP, UNICEF, World Bank) Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development, World

Bank, 2006 Progress for Children: A Report Card on Nutrition, UNICEF

2006

4. Two Strategic Questions

1. why a specific focus on CHILD hunger?

• major input and outcome synergies with other MDGs

• less reliant than overall hunger on increased GDP and agricultural production for results

• more subject to interventions focused on vulnerable children and their families

2. what is different now that makes this achievable?

• increasing understanding of hunger, nutrition and growth

• increasing national resources and capacities financialorganizational and technical (e.g. in communications, media,

and information networking)civil society (e.g. improving gender equality and development)

• increasing international assistance

• increasing effectiveness and decreasing costs of information technology

• global consensus on Millennium Declaration and Goals

MDG-1: two targets and five indicators

Millennium Development Goal 1

1. Poverty Target: Halve, by 2015, the proportion

of people on income of less than $US1 a day

2. Hunger Target: Halve, by 2015, the

proportion of people who suffer from hunger

* 4. Prevalence of underweight children

under 5 (UNICEF-WHO)Currently 146 million children under 51

5. Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy

consumption (FAO)

Currently 852 million2 (of which approximately

350-400 million3 are children under 18 plus pregnant and lactating women)

1. Proportion of population living

below $US1 (World Bank)

2. Poverty gap ratio [incidence

x depth of poverty] (WB)

3. Share of poorest quintile in national consumption (WB)

TWO TARGETS

FIVE INDICATORS

ONE GOAL

Sources: 1. Progress for Children: A Report Card on Nutrition (UNICEF, 2006); 2. State of Food Insecurity in the World (FAO, 2004); 3. WFP working estimate

Initiative target

* Key Indicator for the Initiative

UNICEF and WFP: decades of partnership

1976 MOU on consultation and exchange of information, joint action in assistance programmes, collaboration in development and nutrition policies and more.

1985 Additional complementary parameters for cooperation on emergency response.

1998 MOU on Emergency and Rehabilitation Interventions

1999 Technical Agreement on Field Telecommunications, Global Coordination and Mutual Assistance

2001 Technical Agreement for Logistics Co-operation

2005 MOU with Technical Matrices on Education, HIV/AIDS and Nutrition

‘Agreed’ Hunger Definition

• In the most fundamental sense, hunger exists when a person’s body lacks the required nutrients to grow and develop a productive, active and healthy life

• It cannot be measured directly but the most appropriate way for monitoring progress on child is underweight.

Healthy Growth

Adapted from: “Strategy for Improved Nutrition of Children and Women in Developing Countries.” New York: UNICEF, 1990.

Healthy growth for children in society

Access to adequate food

Access to essential

health services and a healthy environment

Care for mothers and children

Intermediate Contributors

Direct Contributors

Disease prevention control

Adequate dietary intake

Underlying Contributors

Formal and non-formal

institutions

Potential resources

Political, economic and cultural environment

Appropriate education

Major elements of the Initiative

1. mapping children at risk

2. ‘delivery system’ and interventions

3. ongoing costing and resource tracking

4. communications strategy for advocacy

5. accountability framework

1. mapping children at risk: micro-level targeting and implications for geographic focus

Distribution of Underweight Children in Latin America

(Children per square kilometre)

Source: Millennium Project Hunger Task Force: Halving hunger: it can be done, 2005

Distribution of Underweight Children in Asia(Children per square kilometre)

Source: Millennium Project Hunger Task Force: Halving hunger: it can be done, 2005

Regional distribution of underweight children

South Asia (53%)

East Asia/Pacific (15%)

West/Central Africa (12%)

Middle East, North Africa (6%)

Latin America & Caribbean (3%)

Eastern/Southern Africa (11%)

Source: UNICEF, Progress for children. Number 4, May 2006, Page2.

Central & Eastern Europe and CIS (1%)

Half of the approx. 32 million underweight children in Africa live in 22 percent of its geographic area – corresponding to less than 10 percent of its sub-national administrative units

Distribution of Underweight Children in Africa(Children per square kilometre)

Source: Millennium Project Hunger Task Force: Halving hunger: it can be done, 2005

Distribution in 144 Countriesof underweight children

Percentage

of total

Cumulative percentage

72 countries with

sub-national data

Top 24 regions in top 5 countries 55 55

Top 2 regions in next 67 countries 10 65

Balance remaining in top 5 countries 7 72

Balance remaining in next 67 countries 15 87

72 countries without

sub-national data

13 100

Source: Calculated from Millennium Project Hunger Task Force: Halving hunger: it can be done, 2005

Ranking by global share of underweight children

Country Prevalence of underweight children in country (%)

share of total underweight children in the world (%)

Cumulative percentage of total

India 47 39.0 39.0

Bangladesh 48 5.7 44.7

Pakistan 38 5.5 50.2

China 8 4.8 54.9

Nigeria 29 4.4 59.3

Ethiopia 47 4.2 63.5

Indonesia 28 4.2 67.7

Democratic Republic of Congo

31 2.3 70.0

Philippines 28 1.9 71.9

Viet Nam 28 1.5 73.4

Source: UNICEF, 2006. The State of the World’s Children. Compiled from Table 2 and Table 6.

Ranking by prevalence of underweight children

CountryPrevalence of

underweight childrenin country (%)

Percentage share of total

underweight children in the

world

Cumulative percentage of

total

Bangladesh 48 5.7%

Nepal 48 1.2% 1.2

Ethiopia 47 4.2%

India 47 39.0%

Timor-Leste 46 0.1% 1.3

Yemen 46 1.1% 2.4

Burundi 45 0.4% 2.8

Cambodia 45 0.6% 3.3

Madagascar 42 0.9% 4.2

Eritrea 40 0.2% 4.4

Lao People's Democratic Republic 40 0.2% 4.7

Niger 40 0.8% 5.4

Afghanistan 39 1.4% 6.9

Source: UNICEF, 2006. The State of the World’s Children. Compiled from Table 2 and Table 6.

Low prevalence countries

0.13%2.14% 13.60%

34.13% 34.13%

13.60% 2.14%0.13%

-3S -2S -1S 0 +1S +2S +3S

68.26%

95.46%

99.73%

Underweight Overweight

global distribution

0.13%2.14% 13.60%

34.13% 34.13%

13.60% 2.14%0.13%

-3S -2S -1S 0 +1S +2S +3S

68.26%

95.46%

99.73%

Underweight Overweight

-5S -4S

global distribution

High prevalence countries

Implications for Geographic focus of the Initiative

• Global focus for advocacy, policy development and monitoring

• efforts in 4-8 ‘large’ countries focused on technical collaboration projects in the 15-25 States/Provinces with the majority of underweight children

• efforts in 10-20 ‘high prevalence’ countries focused on national program development and broad-based operations

• efforts in 40-50 ‘moderate prevalence’ countries efforts focused on highly targeted operations

Applying VAM to child hunger

1. Map areas of high undernutrition

2. Identify potential outreach partners

3. Identify support organizations

4. Strengthen linkages between outreach partners and support organisations

Connecting children at risk to community support organizations

A ‘live’ mapping and monitoring system is required to support partners in addressing child hunger

• Administrative boundaries, village locations, census blocks, population estimates

• Health facility locations, schools, water supply

• Linked databases for intervention monitoring

• Partner intervention areas

…including:

2.‘delivery system’ and interventions

Implications for levels of programming and targeting

MDG deadline:

2015

globalensure the sustainable supply of

affordable health and nutrition commodities and the delivery of increased financial resources

macrointegrate child health and nutrition needs into national policies, plans and budgets

mesostrengthen district and community health and

nutrition systems; ensure access to water and sanitation

micro: empower families to improve their health, . feeding and childcare practices

Available ‘Anti-Hunger’ Interventionsfor household and school level

A. Supplemental Food Interventions

B. Non-Food Interventions

1.Base Health & Nutrition Education

2. Micronutrient Supplementation

3. Household Water Treatment

4. Hand-washing Soap

5. Deworming

Global Level

National Level

State/Provincial Level

1 million outreach partners

10 to 25,000 support

organizations

100 million families

~350 million undernourished kids

Implications for programming priority: strengthen community capacity to assist families-in-need

100% Food Needs

% of Hungry Kids

International food aid

WFP

Other donors

WFP gap

Other donors

WFP gap

WFPWFP

Other donors

WFP gap

International Food Aid

% of Hungry

Children

100% Food Needs

100

~ 350 million

Additional Initiative InterventionsHealth and

nutrition education

Micronutrient supplementation

Household water treatment

Handwashing

Deworming

Immunization

Primary and secondary education

Water and sanitation systems

Communicable disease control

Birthspacing/safe motherhood

Complementary Efforts

100%

Hunger Needs

-

No

n-fo

od

in

terventio

ns

Fo

od

in

terventio

ns

Major components of Ending Child Hunger and Undernutrition Initiative

International food aid

Domestic food assistance

Household food security assistance

Essential Package

• Ensure adequate diet• HIV prevention• Disease Control• Water and Sanitation

Initiative interventions

Complementary interventions

State & National Level

• Micronutrient fortification

• Birth spacing, safe motherhood and other reproductive health interventions

• Primary and Secondary Education

• Immunization

• ARI and Diarrhoea Treatment

Household and School Level

• Health and Nutrition Education

(inc. breastfeeding and growth promotion)

• Complementary, supplementary and therapeutic feeding

• Micronutrient Supplementation (inc. Vit. A, Iron and

prenatal vitamins)

• Hygiene promotion

• Household water treatment

• Deworming

Summary of operational objectives:

1.map areas of high undernutrition

2. identify potential outreach partners

3.support linkages between key levels required to strengthen outreach capacity and deliver an essential package of interventions

4. leverage complementary interventions to the same geographic/demographic focus

A

B

C

D

Summary of operational commitment

“Ain’t no mountain high

enough...”

“Ain’t no valley low enough...”

“Ain’t no river wide enough...”

“...to keep us from you”

3. annual price tag: ongoing costing and resource tracking

Estimate 1: the cost of doing nothing

• economic and social costs and consequences of 50 million child deaths by 2015 due to underlying hunger and undernutrition

• prospects of achieving other MDGs is significantly jeopardized

• higher costs of meeting other MDGs, to the extent that they can be met at all without addressing child hunger

‘Rough’ Annual Costs(US$ per household per annum)

A. Supplemental Food Interventions (average)

~ 55

B. Non-Food Interventions

~ 55

1.Base Household Health & Nutrition Education

3.8

2. Micronutrient Supplementation

14.4

3. Household Water Treatment 4.1

4. Hand-washing Soap ~25

5. Deworming 7.5

Household Level Total ~110

The Cost of a ‘package’ of Household Level Interventions

Estimate 2: the cost of doing something:

• country-specific cost estimates should form basis of global estimate

• costing exercise should be related to model of Initiative inputs and outcomes

• collaboration underway with academic and technical organisations and the World Bank to develop consensus on costing parameters

• requires ongoing engagement of regional and country offices

Initial costing parameters

• base initial costs on Initiative-specific interventions deliverable with existing community infrastructure

• phase in additional costs of interventions corresponding to anticipated expansion of infrastructure

• consider limiting estimates to geographic areas corresponding to approximately 80% of undernourished children

• consider giving higher priority to interventions for children under five

• include estimates to strengthen technical and managerial capacities for:

monitoring and evaluation intervention adaptation and implementation community organization development

4. communications strategy for advocacy: to mobilise political, financial and other resources

Successful Efforts to Reduce Child Mortality

Less Successful Efforts to Reduce Child Mortality

Countries with highest level of under-five mortality in 1960

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2004

Mali

Sierra Leone

Guinea

Gambia

Malawi

Afghanistan

Niger

Angola

Central AfricanRepublic Yemen

Advocacy Objectives

1. increase awareness and understanding of needs, opportunities and solutions

with an enhanced evidence base and metrics

2. strengthen national policies and programmes

with country-to-country exchange of experience and the promotion of the ‘Three Ones’ in country

3. mobilise adequate resources

Advocacy partnership approach

• create shared ‘brand’, campaign entity and strategy

• build a broad partnership that will create urgency and maximize outreach – all speaking in a ‘common voice’

• keep children and their families at the centre of the message

• maximize linkages with other relevant campaigns at global and national level, e.g.:

Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health

International Alliance Against Hunger

Unite for Children Unite Against AIDS

Education for All

Major audiences (potential partners) • policymakers in both developing and

industrialized countries including parliamentarians

• donors and foundations• faith-based organizations• other international and national civil society NGOs• private sector – WEF Regional Process• opinion leaders and the media• technical and professional organisations• goodwill ambassadors and ‘champions’• UN agencies

5. accountability framework: clarifying roles and responsibilities for WFP/UNICEF units and external partners

Initiative accountability: country level

• one agreed action framework that provides the basis for coordinating the work of all partners;

• one national coordinating authority, with a broad based multi-sector mandate; and

• one agreed country-level monitoring and evaluation system

Initiative accountability: regional level

Country-to-country experience exchange for:

• Political Mobilisation

• Partner Mobilisation

• Technical Collaboration Partnerships

• mapping

• social marketing

• monitoring and evaluation

• costing and resource tracking

Initiative accountability: global level

• annual global reporting of results through adaptation of Progress for Children: A Report Card on Nutrition

• regular joint reports to Executive Boards of WFP and UNICEF on Initiative progress against milestones

• explicit integration with WFP and UNICEF Strategic Plans

• integrated workplans across WFP and UNICEF units with implementation support responsibilities

• related workplans of Partners Group members to be compiled, monitored and updated annually

‘Light’ Global Level Partnership Process

• Inclusive Partnership Group with sub-groups for civil society and NGOs, technical collaborators, UN agencies, the private sector, donors, and governments

• Steering Group of limited size co-chaired by UNICEF and WFP Executive Directors

• UNICEF-WFP Initiative Team to serve as secretariat to Steering Group and Partners Group – including for workplan development and monitoring

Major challenges moving forward

• commitment to the goal• common organisational context with respect to

mandate: bring hunger issues to the centre of the international

agenda advocate policies, strategies and operations that

directly benefit the hungry poor• clarity of purpose and role in the Initiative• capacity and confidence

openness to change internal and external collaboration

• (cash)

When will the Initiative be Initiated?

Upcoming milestones2006 end June WFP Global Staff Meeting consultation

Global advocacy and communication strategy prepared

mid-July Consultation with NGO and private sector partners

end July Review of draft Plan of Action by multi-agency advisors group

end August Final draft of Plan of Action completed

September Informal consultations of WFP and UNICEF Executive Boards

November Review and guidance from WFP Executive Board

2007 January Review and guidance from UNICEF Executive Board

Anticipated publication of the Series on Maternal and Child Undernutrition in The Lancet

February Convening of Partners Group and formal adoption of Plan of Action

Publication of UNICEF and WFP programme and policy resources on addressing maternal and child undernourishment

March Public launch of Initiative

1st Quarter of 2007

1 3

01/02/2007 01/03/2007

January February March

Technical Series in The Lancet

Joint Policy and Programme Guidance(and WHS)

Public (Global) Launch of Initiative

Field Highlights

End Child Hunger and Undernutrition Initiative in Latin America and the Caribbean

WFP Global MeetingCopenhagenJune 2006

Achievement of the Hunger Objective in the Millennium

Development Goals

Objective #1 of Millennium Development - Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Would achieve both Indicators

May not achieve any indicators

At least one indicator

Target #2 - Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Possibilities of Achieving the Target

Fuente: CEPAL. Panorama Social de América Latina 2002-2003. Los límites y los nombres y las designaciones que figuran en este mapa no implican su apoyo o aceptación oficial por las Naciones Unidas.

Not analyzed in this study

Indicator 1 – Global Malnutrition in Children under five years (Weight/Age)Indicator 2 – % of Population Undernourished

From the Outset: Regional Political Endorsement

Chile, April 2005: Meeting of Health Ministers of South America endorsed WFP as leader in networking and knowledge management initiatives related to hunger reduction

Panama, July 2005: Heads of State of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) requested WFP to take the lead in the fight towards eliminating all forms of hunger and malnutrition in the upcoming decade

Belize, September 2005: RESSCAD XXI - Meeting of Health Ministers of CA and Dom Rep - requested WFP to take the lead in formulating a sub-regional project to eradicate child malnutrition by 2015 in partnership with governments and other cooperation agencies

Panama, March 2006: The Special Summit of Heads of State of the Central American Integration System (SICA) gave its political endorsement to the WFP/Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) project proposal “Towards the Eradication of Child Malnutrition in Central America and the Dominican Republic by 2015”. The programme concept will be submitted for endorsement to the next SICA Presidential Summit in late June in Panama.

Strategic Partnerships and Consensus Building

Joint IDB-WFP Regional Programme “Towards the Eradication of Child Malnutrition in Central America and the Dominican Republic by 2015”:

Endorsed by the UNDG LAC RD group in May and was subject to an extensive stakeholder consultation in early June in which consensus was reached on the key components and requirements of the regional programme. Participants included representatives of national governments, regional experts, the World Bank, members of civil society, UN agencies and NGOs.

Plans are underway to adopt a similar approach in the Andean Region through an eventual partnership with the Corporacion Andina de Fomento (CAF)

Working Together: WFP and UNICEF Regional Strategic Partnership Meeting

Executive Directors Jim Morris and Anne Veneman presided over the May meeting in Panama that addressed ECHUI and related themes of HIV/AIDS, emergency response and UN reform

The LAC region has made more progress on the MDGs than most other regions, but the challenge is how to reach those who remain excluded

Need to work with governments, civil society and the private sector to make a systemic difference

To achieve sustainability it is critical to ensure reporting on and monitoring of results, including impact assessment

Many opportunities exist for cross-fertilization across countries and organizations which can help demonstrate effectiveness (facilitating South-South cooperation)

Working in Partnership to Support to National Hunger

Reduction PlansBolivia

WFP, UNICEF and PAHO/WHO will provide integrated support to the recently-launched “National Strategy for Zero Malnutrition”. The two agencies have been working together since 2003 on institutional strengthening, advocacy and micronutrient supplementation and fortification

Guatemala UNICEF, WFP and PAHO/WHO implementing a joint programme to reduce chronic malnutrition for children under 3 years and pregnant and lactating women

Panama WFP/UNICEF/UNFPA “Evaluation of Social Programmes with Food and/or Nutrition Components helped support major policy changes regarding the MCH national programme

Ending Child Hunger is Possible in LAC

Joint advocacy: Cost of Hunger Studies; Investing in early childhood nutrition brings high economic returns – Increased allocation of national resources to MCHN programmes

Creating a strong coalition of committed national governments, civil society, regional organizations, UN System, NGOs, international cooperation agencies, academic experts

Building on the political momentum among strong players in the region willing to place eradicating child malnutrition on their political agendas and to invest in making it possible

United in the Battle to End Child Hunger!

Ending Child Hunger in

India

Partnering with Local Institutions for National Advocacy

India: strong capacities and national resources for advocacy on child hunger and under-nutrition.

WFP actively collaborating to intensify, synergize and focus advocacy approaches with various types & levels of partners:

1. National foundation2. National & state initiatives3. Private sector

National capacities: a strong basis for leverage

1. National foundation

‘Hunger Free India’: a unique platform for collaboration

Partnership between MS Swaminathan Research Foundation & WFP since early 2000s, built on shared vision of ‘Hunger Free India’

Joint Technical Resource Center set up at MSSRF Objective: to enhance knowledge base and disseminate

food and nutritional security analysis on rural and urban India

From vision to action: Prof. Swaminathan as Chairman of National Commission on Farmers represents all rural farm households in India: 600 million people!

1.1 Ending child hunger and undernutrition: a new partnership

Launched April 2006 during “Mission 2007: Hunger Free India” annual dialogue

Led by Prof. Swaminathan, UNICEF & WFP Focuses on joint efforts to strengthen GoI

programmes in 3 strategic areas: Health and Nutrition Primary Education HIV-AIDS

2. National and state initiatives

Adolescent Girls Initiative for Reproductive Health, Nutritional Education, HIV Awareness 10 local NGOs reached 18,000 girls through 842 girl-groups

Local production of fortified blended food: Over 10,000 Village Mother and Child Centers supported Salt iodization: 360 small salt producers

Food For Human Development Project for strengthening delivery of basic social services 7 NGOs reaching 600 SHWGs (8,000 women)

Ongoing capacity-building & advocacy with local partners & counterparts: 40 districts in 8 states

3. Private sector An opportunity for advocacy

The Bhavishya (Future) Alliance: Indian Partnership for Child Nutrition Consolidates skills from Government, States,

Corporations & NGOs to reduce child malnutrition

Technical assistance from World Bank, UNICEF & WFP

Providing an ‘essential Providing an ‘essential package’ for child package’ for child

survival: survival: WFP and UNICEF in WFP and UNICEF in

EthiopiaEthiopia

WFP and UNICEF in WFP and UNICEF in EthiopiaEthiopia

Deliberate, strategic partnership to Deliberate, strategic partnership to address the underlying causes of address the underlying causes of child undernutrition, and ensure:child undernutrition, and ensure:

Access to adequate foodAccess to adequate food Care for mothers and childrenCare for mothers and children Access to essential health servicesAccess to essential health services

Reorientation, refocusing of Reorientation, refocusing of existing resourcesexisting resources

Enhanced Outreach Strategy for Enhanced Outreach Strategy for Child SurvivalChild Survival

• An ‘essential package’ of nutrition An ‘essential package’ of nutrition interventions:interventions:

• Vitamin A supplementationVitamin A supplementation• Measles vaccinationMeasles vaccination• De-wormingDe-worming• Health, nutrition and HIV/AIDS educationHealth, nutrition and HIV/AIDS education• Screening of under five children, pregnant and Screening of under five children, pregnant and

lactating women for malnutritionlactating women for malnutrition• Referral of malnourished children and women Referral of malnourished children and women

to Targeted Supplementary Food (TSF) to Targeted Supplementary Food (TSF) programmeprogramme

Building on existing infrastructureBuilding on existing infrastructure

• WFP and UNICEF are building on - WFP and UNICEF are building on - and building - regional government and building - regional government capacity and infrastructure for health capacity and infrastructure for health services and food assistance deliveryservices and food assistance delivery

• The additional effort is focused on The additional effort is focused on child hunger and undernutritionchild hunger and undernutrition

• Programme will expand in line with Programme will expand in line with local infrastructure capacitylocal infrastructure capacity

• Coverage: 326 of 326 most vulnerable Coverage: 326 of 326 most vulnerable districts for health services; 272 of districts for health services; 272 of 326 for TSF326 for TSF

Key results of the EOSKey results of the EOS

• 2005: 2005: 80% of children in 80% of children in defined ‘vulnerable’ defined ‘vulnerable’ districts have received districts have received part (Vitamin A) of the part (Vitamin A) of the ‘essential package’ ‘essential package’

• 2006: 2006: Broader coverage: Broader coverage: more districts for TSF, more districts for TSF, and fuller ‘package’ and fuller ‘package’

• 5000 Food Distribution 5000 Food Distribution Agents (community Agents (community women) trained in food women) trained in food distribution & distribution & management and management and provision of nutrition provision of nutrition education to date.education to date.

Key challengesKey challenges

• Multi-sectoral coordination not Multi-sectoral coordination not smoothsmooth

• Screening coverage, quality too Screening coverage, quality too low low

• Increasing, ensuring government Increasing, ensuring government ownership and budgetingownership and budgeting

• Effective institutionalisation of Effective institutionalisation of results-based management system results-based management system for the EOS/TSFfor the EOS/TSF

Vision for the Future:Vision for the Future:

• EOS integrated into broader, planned government Health EOS integrated into broader, planned government Health Extension outreach programmeExtension outreach programme

• EOS fully integrated into government budgetsEOS fully integrated into government budgets

• TSF managed by Regional Disaster Prevention and TSF managed by Regional Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency and Food Distribution Agents timely Preparedness Agency and Food Distribution Agents timely and effectively and with linkages to other food security and effectively and with linkages to other food security and nutrition programmesand nutrition programmes

• Expand FDA capacity: Expand FDA capacity:

– 1000 more women to be trained1000 more women to be trained

– Qualified to give a broader range of nutrition educationQualified to give a broader range of nutrition education

• From emergency to community-based approach to end From emergency to community-based approach to end child hunger and undernutrition: increase government child hunger and undernutrition: increase government and community capacity to provide needed food assistanceand community capacity to provide needed food assistance