ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

TH E

- fast- specific / addressed- electric signals

& chemical signals

- uses neurons for direct communication

NERVOUS- slow- broadcast- chemical signals

- delivers hormones through the circulatory system

ENDOCRINE

action potentials

neurotransmitters

hormones

ENDOCRINE- collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate

metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, mood, etc.a dynamic homeostasis

- is NOT general / non-specific- specifically targeted cells in the

body have receptors toallow hormones to enter

HORMONESPEPTIDE/PROTEIN HORMONES- made from chains of amino acids- polar / water-soluble- bind to receptors on the plasma

membranes of cells

STEROID HORMONES- made from cholesterol- nonpolar / lipid-soluble- diffuses through plasma

membranes binds to receptors in the cytosol or nucleus

AMINE HORMONES- made from modified

amino acids- polar OR nonpolar

PHEROMONES- “ectohormones”- chemicals that are sent

out of an organism into the environment

- alarm, aggregation, food trails, sexual activity

HORMONES• Hormone action depends on the nature of the target cells ex. epinephrine & norepinephrine

increases muscle contraction of the heart, dilates blood vessels of skeletal muscles, breaks down glycogen to release glucose in the liver

HORMONES• hormone action is based on concentration• hormones can cause reactions in seconds to weeks• they can be broken down in seconds to weeks

Half-life• the amount of time it takes for a substance to break down

to half of its active concentration

ex. Epinephrine has a half-life of 1-2 minutes Cortisol has a half-life of 1-2 hours

HORMONE RESEARCH• Research your hormone• Is it a Peptide, Steroid, or Amine Hormone• Where is it secreted from• What are some of its target cells• What does it cause the human body to do• What do imbalances of that hormone cause

Oxytocin Follicle-stimulating HormoneInsulin & Glucagon Human Growth HormoneAntidiuretic Hormone EstrogenAndrogen MelatoninLuteinizing Hormone Endorphins