endodinamika - biolozi.bio.bg.ac.rsbiolozi.bio.bg.ac.rs/attachments/article/2068/endo i...
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![Page 1: ENDODINAMIKA - biolozi.bio.bg.ac.rsbiolozi.bio.bg.ac.rs/attachments/article/2068/ENDO i EGZODINAMIKA... · Lednička erozija • Oko 11% površine zemlje pod stalnim snegom i ledom,](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042509/5a7b85317f8b9a0a668c2571/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ENDODINAMIKA
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PROCESI IZAZVANI POVEĆANJEM p, t
i kretanjima u astenosferi
1. Magmatski pokreti (plutonizam
i vulkanizam)
2. Tektonski pokreti (epirogeni i
orogeni)
3. Metamorfizam
4. Seizmički pokreti
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• plutonizam – dubinske,
plutonske ili intruzivne
stene
• Vulkanizam – izlivne,
vulkanske ili efuzivne
Magmatski pokreti – jedan od
najvažnijih geol. procesa u Sunčevom
sistemu uopšte
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Vulkan je pukotina duž koje se
magma (lava) izliva na površinu
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Erupcije mogu biti:
• Centralne: Etna• Arealne: Dekan
• Linearne: Island
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Tip erupcije
1. Lavične
2. Eksplozivne
(stratovulkani)
3. mešoviti
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Oko 625 aktivnih vulkana (oko 80
submarinskih)
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Vulkanska akivnost u Srbiji
- postvulkanske pojave
• Temperaturni gradijent
• Fumarole
• Solfatare
• Mofete
• Gejziri (oko 700)
• Termalni izvori
(juvenilni i vadozni)
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Yellowstone
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Tektonski pokreti –sva kretanja
stenskih masa usled delovanja
unutrašnjih sila Zemlje
• EPIROGENI –
• Dugotrajni vertikalni
pokreti koji definišu
raspored kopna i mora
• Transgresija i regresija
• Priobalna područja
• Traju i danas
• Paleogeografija
• Eustazija -eustatički
pokreti; klimatske
promene
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OROGENI POKRETI – posledica
kretanja ploča litosfere
• 1. tangencijalni
(kretanja paralelno
površini Zemlje)
• Plikativne
deformacije
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Radijalni pokreti
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Seizmički pokreti- kratkotrajna
podrhtavanja tla
1. Tektonski (oko
90%)
2. Vulkanski - 7%
3. Prolomni
4. tehnogeni
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• MCS skala ( 1 – 12)
• Rihterova skala –
magnituda (8)
• Seizmološke karte
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cunami
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EGZODINAMIKA
• Uticaj egzodinamičkih
sila adekvatan je klimi
datog područja
• Najvažniji
egzodinamički procesi
su:
1. površinsko raspadanje
2. denudacija
3. erozija padina
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4. rečna (fluvijalna) erozija:
proširivanje i
produbljivanje korita, tj.
stvaranje rečnih dolina
- kanjoni i klisure (stene
iste čvrstine)
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• Različite čvrstine:
vodopadi ili slapovi
• Eroziona baza slabi
vertikalnu a pojačava
bočnu eroziju: ade,
meandri i delte;
• Ponovno jačanje vert.
erozije - mrtvaje
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5. Abrazija (zalivi i plaže; rtovi, klifovi i
poluostrva; talasne potkapine, klifovi
• 6. Hemijska sufozija
(KARSTIFIKACIJA):
• Škrape, vrtače, uvale,
kraška polja
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Podzemni oblici u karstu
KARSTNI KANALI
(kaverne) PONORI
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JAME PEĆINE
Ledena pećina-
Durmitor
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Kras u Srbiji
Istočna Srbija- tip Jure
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Dinaridi - holokras
Njeguši
Durmitor
u okolini Beograda u miocenskim krečnjacima-
Merokarst
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7. Lednička erozija
• Oko 11% površine zemlje pod
stalnim snegom i ledom, a
debljina ledničkih masa
lokalno i 3.500 m (Antarktik)
• snežna granica ~3.000m
• Usov ili lavina
• Cirk
• morene
• Gorske oči
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8. Eolska erozija-
deflacija
• peščane ili kamenite
pustinje; lesna
prostranstva; dine,
barhane i živi
(pokretni) peskovi.