energetically independent buildings of the...
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ENERGETICALLY INDEPENDENT BUILDINGS OF THE RESORT-IMPROVING AND
EDUCATIONAL-RECREATIONAL COMPLEX IN ECOLOGICAL SETTLEMENT "GENOM"
Dmitriy Strebkov1, Olga Shepovalova1, Ilya Dunichkin 2
1The All-Russian Research Institute for Electrification of Agriculture (GNU VIESH); 2 National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
This work is devoted to the formation of architecture of resort-improving
and educational- recreational complexes (RIandERC) and their building with
the use of renewable sources.
When formulating the problem of design experiment resort- improving and
educational- recreational complexes were chosen. In some cases, because of
RIandERC placement at considerable distances from urbanized centers, the supply
of energy becomes paramount. The formation of RIandERC architecture and their
construction as complexes of energetically independent buildings with integrated
solar systems is the most promising.
For consideration of an economically expedient situation that should be such
from the very outset, the energy potential of resort- improvement and
recreational- educational facilities development was investigated.
Estimations were made at a local level and microlevel of an energy potential of
development for subsequent architecturally-constructive designing of buildings,
first of all for placing solar panels on the building facades and roofs.
In the design of innovative buildings with integrated solar systems, the physical
parameters of the environment are considered in terms of both obtaining optimum
performance of designs, creation of a comfortable climate in the premises and its
energy potential. The physical and technical factors are analyzed for the possibility
of energy reception under their influence and its use by the building. Autonomy or at
least economy of building operation is ensured thereby.
EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PROPORTIONS OF BUILYYFDING WITH PV SYSTEMS
First of all, a developed facade relief or a building silhouette shall be provided
from the south side making it possible to mount a large number of PV modules
capable to receive 40% to 50 % more solar energy in absolute values.
The strictly west-east orientation of one extended facade or the north-south
orientation of two extended facades has been found most effective.
THE BUILDING-MODEL OF CORRIDOR TYPE WITH SOLAR MODULES
The most energetically expedient proportions are available in the buildings of a
corridor and gallery type which have been identified in the analysis of interrelations
between the technical-economic and physical-technical indicators of development
EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BUILDING ORIENTATION FOR RIandERC
The Sun is South-East
The buildings orientation towards the parts of the world was appraised taking into
account the overall performance of the equipment, thus forming the architecture
meeting the complex functional requirements.
The Sun is South
The Sun is South-West
DEPENDENCE OF SYSTEM GENERATION RATE ON OF PV MODULES CAPACITY
(Moscow region, July)
10 50 100
Power of PV module, W
Syste
m g
enera
tio
n r
ate
, W
/m2 p
er
day
1,0
jjj
0,5
jjj
0,1
On average sunny July day in the
midland of Russia (in latitude 52
degrees North) the system gives
800-900 W/m2 of electric power a
day with the capacity of modules
with planar PV cells of 200 W/m2
The dependence of power generation on weather conditions is solved by planning
solutions of buildings and adjacent territories, selection of a combination of
installations, installations connection schemes and accumulation schemes,
organization of energy saving scheme of loads.
PV
module
PV
module
PV
module
PV
module PV
module
PV
module PV
module
PV
module
PV
module
PV
module
•••
Inverter
Battery group
DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM WITH PLANAR PV CELLS
24V
Electric load
~220V
50Hz
General system integration module
Electric load
= 24V
Individual control
station
24V
24V
24V
~220V
50Hz
Roof’s system
•••
•••
General
network
Local
installations on
the territory
~220V
50Hz
Unit consumer with PV modules on the facades (rooms, halls, etc.)
The integration of modules of similar appearance with cascade PV cells allows to reduce losses, communications and assembly expenses.
light
cascade PV cells
10 50 100
Power of PV module, W
Syste
m g
en
era
tio
n r
ate
, W
/m2 p
er
da
y
1,0
0,5
0,1
According to calculations,
the upper limit of systems
generation will be displaced
up (U~ 60V/ module).
PV cells
PV module
group of series-
parallel
connection PV
modules
inverter
battery group
DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM WITH CASCADE PV CELLS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Nov Dec
Ha
urs
of
so
lar
lig
ht
month
Khabarovsk
Sevastopol
Novosibirsk
Primorye
Moscow
DURATION OF SUNSHINE FOR DIFFERENT REGIONS
To determine the efficiency and choose planning solutions it is necessary to
carry out the calculation not only on the basis of the total annual solar
radiation for this district, but also taking into account seasonal changes. In
most cases it is sufficient to take into account the summer/winter ratio.
HEATING DIAGRAM
system integration
module gas heater hot water supply floor heating loop
heat exchanger
loop
solar collectors
A FACADE FRAGMENT WITH PV MODULES
The architecture of buildings is formed by a combination of integrated solar
systems with energy efficient solutions of development with natural materials.
A ROOF FRAGMENT WITH PV MODULES
For latitude 52 degrees the most efficient is to install the integrated solar equipment
stationary and vertically (at 90 degrees) or with a tilt angle change twice a year
(March-November 36-50 degrees, November-March 90 degrees).
The performed researches and installations creation experience shows that for
effective use of integrated solar systems they should be considered as a
component of the overall power supply system. It is necessary to study and take
into account all comprehensively from the energy characteristics of buildings and
terrain conditions to the specific features of engineering systems and used
household appliances for minimizing losses and to increasing the receipt of
energy by the end user.
Heat losses
through the
edge joint
Losses due to
the heat
conductivity of
spacers
Heat losses
by radiation
WINDOWS WITH VACUUM SEALED INSULATING GLASS UNIT (VSIGU)
stem
low-emission
К-layer vacuum gap,
5∙10-5
1st glass
2nd glass
spacers
evacuation
joint heat losses
design
2,32m2∙°С/W
The performed works have allowed to unite as one method the estimation of
development energy potential and subsequent architecturally-constructive
designing. In drawing up the energy balance of development, the quantity of the
energy generated by the equipment integrated into the building and that required
for the operation of the same building is determined. In case of energy deficiency,
the solution can be corrected for developing the building perimeter and increasing
the total area of solar modules that generate electric power. In case that the energy
is generated in excess to demand the decision can be made by designers to extend
the total hosing area of building.
Thus the power independent buildings and installations having exterior-
integrated solar equipment shall be incorporated into the RIandERC concept for
power supply and for environmentally clean materials use.
The buildings of health, recreational, and educational complexes create the basis of
GENOM ecovillage. GENOM means Global Ecovillage Network Office
Management. In the building of the recreational and educational complex it is
planned to place the headquarters of the Global Ecovillage Network (GEN)
association. The GEN association has the status of a special adviser at the
Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (UN-ECOSOC) and a partner
of the United Nations Institute of Training and Researches (UNITAR). The GEN
association principles give new opportunities in the GENOM ecovillage project as
a pilot settlement on the basis of which natural territories will efficiently develop.