ENERGIZER

A crucial part of Christaller’s central place theory is the fact that goods and services vary in range and

a) access.

b) quantity.

c) spatial distribution.

d) threshold.

e) quality.

ENERGIZER

A crucial part of Christaller’s central place theory is the fact that goods and services vary in range and

a) access.

b) quantity.

c) spatial distribution.

d) threshold.

e) quality.

ENERGIZER

The movement of middle-class residents into run-down urban center city neighborhoods is called

a) urban renewal.

b) urban sprawl.

c) urban revitalization.

d) gentrification.

e) multiplier effect.

ENERGIZER

The movement of middle-class residents into run-down urban center city neighborhoods is called

a) urban renewal.

b) urban sprawl.

c) urban revitalization.

d) gentrification.

e) multiplier effect.

ENERGIZER

Which one of the following characteristics does NOT apply to cities in the developing world?

a) Rapid population growth

b) An inability to provide basic services for population

c) A colonial heritage

d) A small informal economic sector

e) A land-use pattern strongly influenced by function of the city

ENERGIZER

Which one of the following characteristics does NOT apply to cities in the developing world?

a) Rapid population growth

b) An inability to provide basic services for population

c) A colonial heritage

d) A small informal economic sector

e) A land-use pattern strongly influenced by function of the city

Wednesday, May 13

Objectives:

Review in partners

Study big concepts as a class

Individually review old tests

Homework:

Review hardest topics

Vocabulary Review

① Grand Review Packet (Unit VII) answer key on white board

② Memory with Flashcards (computer cart) state the definition = win the card read the entire back of the card

③ AP Exam Study Guides (front table) find cities section

④ Class Website www.aphug-hansen.weebly.com

Summary of Unit

Over 50% of the world’s population lives in cities

Major urban populations today US, Europe, Russia, Australia, Japan

Largest cities are in LDCs

Origin and Evolution of Cities

3500 BC Mesopotamia (Iraq)

3100 BC Egypt

2500 BC Indus River Valley (Pakistan)

1800 BC Northern China

1500 BC Meso-America (Mexico)

Urbanization spread in an uneven fashion, usually as a result of long-distance trade.

Urbanization

Rural-to-Urban Migration Movement from countryside to city in

search of economic opportunities and a better life

Began with the Industrial Revolution

Rapid Urbanization in LDCs

LDCs face the following problems: Increased levels of pollution and traffic

congestion Shortages of clean drinking water Insufficient sanitation services Lack of sufficient electrical power Lack of enough job opportunities Strained education and healthcare facilities Housing shortages Increased problems with drugs, gangs, and

violence

Global Cities & Megacities

World City global economic system

Megacity over 10 million people LDCs High density, poverty Limited resources

World City Rankings

1. NYC2. London3. Tokyo4. Paris5. Hong Kong6. Chicago7. LA8. Singapore9. Sydney10.Seoul

Megacities in LDCs

Megacities are indicators of social and economic change in their country and region.

For example, Karachi generates 20% of Pakistan’s GDP and provides 50% of the government’s revenue

Often, these cities are the site of cultural and educational institutions that promote social development, too.

Suburbanization

End of World War II Availability of automobile 40-hour work week Housing boom Home loans and affordable mortgages

1970s-1990s Purchasing power shifted to suburbs Edge cities Urban sprawl

Primate City and Rank-Size Rule

Primate City At least 2x as large as next city Significant / dominant Mexico City, Paris, London Former colonial capital cities

Rank-Size Rule Decrease largely at first, and then slowly US and Russia

Central Place Theory

Christaller’s CPT Central places provide goods/services to

surrounding areas Assumptions:

flat countryside with no barriers to movement purchase goods from closest proximity travel further for luxury goods

Threshold: minimum # of people Range: how far consumers will travel

Gravity Model law of spatial interaction based on Newton’s law

Places closer together have a greater attraction

Models of Urban Land UseUNITED STATES

CBD older, central city Skyscrapers, banks, crowded streets

Concentric Zone Model – Burgess as the city grows, expands in rings

Bid Rent Curve land rent is highest closest to CBD

Sector Model – Hoyt develops along transportation lines

Multiple Nuclei Model – Harris & Ullman CBD is not the only nucleus

Location of Multiple Nuclei

Differential Accessibility Wholesale requires terminals Retail requires parking

Land Use Compatibility Agglomeration (banking, finance)

Land Use Incompatibility Heavy industry repels high-end residential

Location Suitability Cost factors

Models of Urban Land UseOTHER WORLD REGIONS

Canadian Cities More compact than US cities Public transportation Less suburbanization Higher incomes than US cities

Western European Cities Roman/Renaissance architecture, planning Compact, less sprawl Public transportation Mixed zones Old, historic core – affluent/wealthy Immigrants live in fringes of cities

Models of Urban Land UseOTHER WORLD REGIONS

Eastern European Cities Centrally planned communist era Large square with gov’t / cultural buildings Compact, high density Mass transit Residential areas have own services and

central square

Latin American Cities Central city important periphery poor Spine of residential area and shops

Models of Urban Land UseOTHER WORLD REGIONS

Sub-Saharan Africa Most rapidly urbanizing region of the world Inability to provide basic amenities Clean drinking water, sanitation, disease High IMR, low life expectancy

North Africa and Middle East Structural deterioration Overcrowding, urban sprawl Sanitation, amenities High birth rates, high immigrant rates, high

unemployment rates

Models of Urban Land UseOTHER WORLD REGIONS

Asian Cities Wave of economic prosperity 20 megacities by 2020 Mega-urban-regions link huge cities

together Government buildings locate near ports

Cities in the Developing World

Large informal economic sector no formal contract, no taxes

Rural migrants

Produce major proportion of country’s GDP

Surrounded by high-density squatter settlements with few amenities

Cities in the Developing World

Colonial impact

Centrally planned land-use patterns Asian cities

Forward capitals

Single, major business district

Purpose of the city = land-use patterns Ports, industrial, mining center, markets

The Urban Economy

Basic Sector produce goods outside the urban area

Non-basic Sector Produce goods within urban area

Multiplier Effect 1 new basic job = 2 non-basic jobs Require more services

Total EmploymentBasic Employment

Base Multiplier =

Urban Housing

Segregation

Housing density decreases out from CBD

Urban sprawl

Urban renewal

Public housing

Gentrification

New Urbanism, Green Building

Weekly Plan

Monday Models & Theories

Tuesday Agricultural Land Use

Wednesday Services & Cities

Thursday Test Strategy

Friday AP Exam