ENERGY

Beatriz de la Varga PuenteAngela Oliva JimenezAlvaro Diaz Hernando

SQUEM OF ENERGY

FORMS OF ENERGY

Kinetic energy It is energy possessed by an object due to its motion or movement.

Potential energy It is energy stored in an object.

TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY

Sound energy It is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves.

Electrical energy We generate it when we succeed to cause the electrons to move with the use of magnetic forces.

Thermal energy It’s the energy a substance that is related to its temperature

TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY Gravitational energy the potential energy

related with gravitational force, as effort is required to elevate objects against Earth's gravity.

ex: Its what keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun

Electric energy the potential energy that is

associated with the configuration of a particular set of point charges within a defined system.

Chemical energy the potential energy related to the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules.

The dry wood is a store of chemical energy. As it burns

in the fireplace, chemical energy is released and

converted to thermal energy and light energy.

Nuclear energy the potential energy of the particles inside an atomic nucleus that are together by a strong nuclear force.

RENAWABLE ENERGY

Advantages it is sustainable and so it will never run out. It produces little or no waste products, so it has minimal

impact on the environment. Renewable energy projects can also bring economic

benefits. Disadvantages

It’s difficult to generate the quantities of electricity that needed.

Renewable energy often relies on the weather for its source of power and this is unpredictable and inconsistent.

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY Advantages

Fossil fuels, are abundant in Australia so this means they are a relatively cheap fuel and readily available. Also very large amounts of electricity can be generated from fossil fuels.

Disadvantages They non-renewable and will eventually run out because

we are using them much faster than they can be restored within the earth.

Burning fossil fuels produces a lot of pollution and also produce greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide.

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

It is a resource that does not renew itself and cannot be replaced

Someday it will run away Fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) Formed of organic matter (animal or plant

remains), Formed hundreds of millions of years ago, when

the Earth had a complete different landscape.

Coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black

sedimentary rock We burn coal to provide heat or electricity Made of the remains of ancient trees and plants Carbonization is the process that all the remains

of the organisms undergo to become coal: Peat (low carbonization) Anthracite (high

carbonization)

Petroleum Petroleum is also known as crude oil It is a liquid fossil fuel Found in underground areas called reservoirs.

Extracted by drilling underground We can find petroleum under the ocean floor in

areas called offshore dills It gives us energy and we can use it to make

gasoline

Natural Gas Natural Gas is also known as Clean Gas The main substance in natural gas is methane We can find Natural Gas underground in

reservoirs. It’s extracted by drilling wells deep into the ground, through layers or rock

Natural Gas is commonly used at homes heating as well as gas ovens.

Nuclear energy It is usually considered another non-renewable

energy source Electricity is generated from the energy that is

released when the atoms of these minerals are split. This is called Nuclear Fission

The material most often used in nuclear power plants is the element uranium

TRANSFORMATION OF THERMAL ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY Energy transformation is the process of changing

one form of energy to another. In this case, to change heat (thermal energy) into

mechanical energy

For this process the machines used are: Steam engine: Machine that uses vapor to produce

the energy transformation.

Internal combustion engine: an engine of one or more cylinders in which the process combustion takes place

Steam turbine: a turbine driven by steam pressure.

Gas Engine: an internal-combustion engine using natural gas

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Renewable energy sources are those for which the rate of consumption is lower than the rate of production: wind, waves, tides, biomass, water, earth heat.

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING:

Sun: It could be harnessed by the solar pannels

Wind: The production of electricity by wind turbines

Water: For Hydroelectric plants to build reservoirs

Waves: We can use wave energy by transforming it into electric energy like these:

1. Wave water enters the air chamber. 2. As the water level rises, air is pushed upwards

and flows through a turbine, making it turn. A generator connected to the turbine produces electricity.

3. As the wave falls, the water level is reduced and the chamber fills up with air again

Tides: When the tide reaches its highest point, there is a great quantity of water at a certain height. Therefore, this water has potential energy that you can use

Biomass: It could be used for energetic finalities

Earth heat energy: Using it to heat water and produce steam to move a turbine connected to an alternator, with the purpose of generating electricity in the so-called geothermal power plants

ELECTRICAL ENERGY: Generation: Thermal power plants: Thermal power plants were

the first to be used to generate electricity on an industrial scale.

Hydroelectric power plants: Water power has been in use for thousands of years. For example, it has been used to power small water mills that grind wheat.

Nuclear power plants: Nuclear power plants are a special kind of thermal power plant.

They are thermal because they use heat to produce a vapor that powers a turbine connected to a generator.

Transmision and distribution of energy: Electricity need to be transported by the conductive wires in a particular way to the buildings in towns and cities, factories and businesses, and transport networks

EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVING SAVING: Saving is simply not using energy we

don’t need. -Switch of the light. -Don’t leave the television on. -Not using half empty washing machine

EFFICIENCY:

Efficiency means using appliances that consume less energy to perform the same function.

One of the clearest examples of energy efficiency in action is energy saving and lightbulbs

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

In the future these resources will run out Fossils and nuclear fuels provoke pollution The 10% of production is lost, so they will

need more production so more pollution.