energy and metabolism bcs.whfreeman/ lehninger (ch 13)
DESCRIPTION
Energy and metabolism http://bcs.whfreeman.com/ lehninger (Ch 13) http://bcs.whfreeman.com/ biochem5 (Ch14) http://www.genome.ad.jp/ kegg. S. 14.2. Reminder in Thermodynamics First Law (conservation of energy) Second Law (entropy of the Universe increases in spontaneous processes) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Energy andmetabolism
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/lehninger (Ch 13)
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/biochem5 (Ch14)
http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg
S. 14.2.
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Reminder in Thermodynamics
• First Law (conservation of energy)• Second Law (entropy of the Universe increases in spontaneous processes)
• concepts of open, closed and isolated systems• sign conventions for energy changes
• Free energy (G) (exergonic - endergonic)• Enthalpy (H) (exothermal - endothermal)• Entropy (S)
G = H - TS = - RT lnQ
See Living Graph 13-3
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Entropy
1. Teakettle
2. Glucose oxidation
3. Entropy (randomness) and information
There is a tide in the affairs of men,Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune;Omitted, all the voyage of their lifeIs bound in shallows and in miseries. (Brutus) - Shakespeare: Julius Caesar, Act 4, Scene 3
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ENERGY CONTENT(fuels, sunlight)
WORK
chemical synthesis
mechanical work
osmotic and electricgradients
transmission of genetic information
light
HEAT ENTROPY CHANGE
increases in the surroundings:catabolic end products are small
decreases in the cell :anabolic end products are large
sophisticated molecules
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L. II-3. S. 14-12.
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L. 1-26. See also “Energetic Coupling” among “Conceptual Insights” on Stryer website
Free energy in coupled reactions
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L. 13-8,12
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L. 13.1.
L. 13.2.
ATP hydrolysis and phosphorylation potential
See also Living Figure “Box 13-1”
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L. 13-10,11
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L. T-13-6
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L. 13-9
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L. 13-3,4
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L. 13-5
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Reperfusion in the presenceof cardioprotective agents
Ischaemia
Normoxia
CrP-ATP -ATP -ATP
In situ study of energy metabolism:Monitoring of high-energy phosphorus metabolite levels
in perfused rat hearts using 31P NMR spectroscopy
Reperfusion
PCr
Pi
ATP ATP ATP
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Effect of PARP inhibitors on the recovery of creatine phosphate during ischemia-reperfusion
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3 6 9 3 14 25 3 6 9 12 15
perfusion time (min)
CrP
( %
of n
orm
oxi
c va
lue)
Control
4-OHQ
HO-3089
normoxia ischemia reperfusion
*
*p<0.05
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Effect of PARP inhibitors on the recovery of ATP during ischemia-reperfusion
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3 6 9 3 14 25 3 6 9 12 15
perfusion time (min)
AT
P (
% o
f n
orm
oxi
c v
alu
e)
Control
4-OHQ
HO-3089
normoxia ischemia reperfusion
*
* p<0.05
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Effect of PARP inhibitors on the utilization of inorganic phosphate
during ischemia-reperfusion
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3 6 9 3 14 25 3 6 9 12 15
perfusion time (min)
Pi (
% o
f e
nd
-isc
he
mic
val
ue
)
Control
4-OHQ
HO-3089
normoxia ischemia reperfusion
*
* p<0.05
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L. 13-6,7
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Electron transfer as a form of energy transfer
Electron affinity, oxidative/reductíve capacity electromotive force
E = E° +0.026V/n ln[ox]/[red]
G = -nF E
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Deficiency: pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death)
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Regulation of metabolic pathways• controlling the amounts of enzymes• controlling the catalytic activities of enzymes• controlling the accessibility of substrates
Role of energy content in regulation
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Online resources:
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/lehninger (Ch13)
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/biochem5 (Ch14)
For online quizzing give:[email protected] instructor’s e-mail address