George Mobus, Institute of Technology, University of

Washington Tacoma

Fourth Annual Biophysical

Economics Meeting

*

*Its all just biophysical process. Energy flow through the

system drives the transformation of high entropy material to

low entropy assets. Energy is continually dissipated.

Consumption

> 80% of Energy Consumption

Raw Energy (Fossil Fuels)

Extraction, Processing,

Delivery

Work

Processes

Material Resources

Real Assets

Waste Sink

Extraction, Processing,

Delivery

Entropic

Decay

Waste

Heat

Real assets include all

human generated

biomass and

inventions.

Ingenuity To the atmosphere

*

> 80% of Energy Consumption

Raw Energy (Fossil Fuels)

Extraction, Processing,

Delivery

Work

Processes

Material Resources

Real Assets

Waste Sink

Extraction, Processing,

Delivery

Consumption

Entropic

Decay

Currency (money) as flow regulation messages – Howard Odum, M.

King Hubbert, others

Money recycles as wages to

regulate human work. We pay others for work to be done on

stuff/services we want. We are paid to do work on

stuff/services that others want.

*

Short-term consumable

assets (foodstuffs)

Intermediate-term

consumable assets (clothing,

equipment)

Long-term fixed assets

(buildings, roads, etc.)

Long-term biomass assets

(humans, pets, ornamentals)

Real Assets (in embodied energy)

Circulating

currency

Savings deposits

Stocks &

bonds

Mortgages &

Consumer Loans

Debt (private)

Surrogate Assets (money)

to facilitate transactions

Derivatives &

Appreciation

Pseudo-money

Financial Assets

Public Debt =

Intangible assets (artifacts

of services rendered)

**Token used to denote value of goods and services (G&S) – Real

Assets

*Origins and history of development – cuneiform in clay to physical tokens to coinage with intrinsic value

*Layers of abstraction to another kind of commodity

*Components of valuation calculus in the physical world

* energy required to produce – a biophysical baseline

* utility value (strictly)

* hedonic value

* less opportunity costs

* less sunk costs

* In the modern world no one has any idea how to calculate most of these – we estimate based on presumed values of other G&Ls – let the markets decide!

*Financial pseudo-assets have become so abstracted from real assets that modern money is useless as a measure of wealth

**Useful (economic) work

*extracting materials and energy (incl. food)

*refining

*shaping and forming

*manufacturing, construction, transportation, etc.

*services

*Value of a product

*embedded work

*utility of the product, e.g. increasing the efficiency of useful work or increasing flow of energy (tools)

*Exergy is that portion of total energy required to obtain useful work (it depends on the nature of the work process as much as on the energy content of fuel)

*

100 BTUs 180 BTUs

extraction raw (gross) processing

& delivery

60

BTUs

use

12 BTUs

work

waste heat

– 48 BTUs waste heat

– 40 BTUs

fuels

exergy

100 BTUs 110 BTUs 50

BTUs 9 BTUs

work

waste heat

– 41 BTUs waste heat

– 50 BTUs

~100

years ago

today

100 BTUs 200 BTUs 61

BTUs 13 BTUs

work

waste heat

– 46 BTUs waste heat

– 39 BTUs

near

future

80 BTUs

expended

100 BTUs

expended

well head/mine

mouth boundary

non-energy

economy

improving

efficiency

declining

EROI

.082

.067

.065

ratio of

work to

extraction

exergy used potential energy delivered

Declining EROI as Compared with Increasing Work Efficiency

potential energy extracted

**Depletion and geophysical limits – e.g., Peak Oil

*Limiting supply driving up prices

*Declining EROI (mine mouth/well head)

* Increasing costs of extraction (e.g., non-conventional methods)

*Decreasing rate of efficiency improvements (e.g. Carnot’s limit)

*Increasing population (with increasing expectations)

*Decreasing net energy available per capita

*Lead to:

*Diminishing total work to produce real assets

*Less wealth per captia over time

* Increasing disparity between wealthy and poor?

**Similar to a “gold” standard in stabilizing value without

the silliness of gold fever

*Exergy resource – based on actual amount of work that

can be done in the near future

*Exergy embodied – based on actual amount of work

already done

*Value of assets can be computed from work done in past

*Total circulating currency + savings determined by

excess net energy available

*Borrowing from savings to invest in future returns

*When net energy peaks asset production peak will

follow – there will be no savings!

*

Based on two of the factors – Depletion and Declining EROI

*

*Future work

* Investigate the dynamics of all four factors

operating in the system

* Incorporate stocks and flows of money as a

regulation system – maybe a hybrid with agent-

based modeling

*Continue to watch the evolution of our global

system