Energy conversion by intergen energy ltd.

Bio-Mass

Biomass can be routed through following different processes for energy conversion:

Direct Combustion

Thermal decomposition of organic matter is carried out in the presence of excess air, liberating heat and

leaving behind incombustible ash.

Fuel + Air ? Heat + Ash + Inert Gases

In the combustion mode, the Biomass and air are combined under efficient and controllable conditions

to provide energy for utilization. The direct combustion of Biomass can be done in two ways:

• Fixed Bed Combustion

The combustion of Biomass is usually carried out in fixed bed combustors. The main drawback of fixed

bed combustion is a low combustion efficiency of 70%. It is associated with problems of ash removal and

inability to use effectively high moisture content Biomass. Further, fixed combustion involves high

inventory of fuel over the grate resulting in time consuming start-up and shut down procedures.

• Fluidised bed combustion

In a fluidized bed system, a bed of fine particles is fluidized by a gas stream passing upwards through it

at a controlled velocity. The bed is continuously subjected to high rate of mixing and agitation resulting

in high heat and mass transfer rates. Fluidised bed combustion is best suited for burning fuels like rice

husk etc.

The advantages of fluid bed combustion over fixed bed combustion are high combustion efficiency

(95%), multi-fuel combustion facility, and consistent rate of combustion and ability to burn low grade

and high moisture content fuels.

Gasification

Gasification is the thermo-chemical process of obtaining energy from solid matter in a gaseous form. In

principle, the process is a thermal decomposition of organic matter in the presence of limited supply of

air or oxygen to produce combustible gases thus converting calorific value of organic material into a

gaseous energy carrier. The amount of electricity that can be produced from Biomass power systems

can be increased by 50% by replacing steam based generation units with Biomass gasifiers close-coupled

to gas turbines.

Pyrolysis

In contrast to complete combustion of solid carbonaceous material, the process of pyrolysis refers to

combustion in a deficient supply of air / oxygen. The process gives out carbon-mono-oxide and

methane, which are condensed to form tar and aqueous liquor. The latter is then distilled to give

methanol and other organic substances. This process produces three useful fuels - charcoal, oil and gas.

About 70% of the energy in Biomass can be converted to higher forms of energy - charcoal or oil, which

are storable and transportable.

Waste to Energy

Wastes generated from various sources can be converted to energy through different technologies such

as Anaerobic digestion / Biomethanation, Combustion / Incineration, Pyrolysis / Gasification, Landfill Gas

recovery, Plasma arc. The organic fraction of the waste need to be segregated and fed into required

process. The option of technologies is detailed in Biomass segment.

For more detail:-

http://www.igenergy.in/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9eAl1tQfT4