Deborah Bleviss

Energy, Resources and Environment Program

Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS)

Energy Efficiency, Wind, Sun, and Geothermal Energy

CONFERENCE ON “LATIN AMERICA’S ENERGY FUTURE”

Latin America’s Energy Mix

Source: OLADE, 2008

Latin America’s Electricity Mix

Source: Meeting Electricity Supply/Demand Balance in Latin America and the Caribbean, ESMAP, September 2010

Sources of Latin America’s GHG Emissions in Energy Sector

Source: OLADE, 2008

Example of Electricity Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC--Brazil

Requirement by national electric utility regulator, ANEEL, that privatized utilities allocate ~1% of annual revenue to R&D and energy efficiency– Half is kept within the utility, with increasing requirement to look at end-

use energy efficiency– Half goes to new institution, CT-Energ (to focus on public good)

Governed by Board of Directors made of relevant ministries, academia, private sector

Mandated focus is on:– Provision of electricity to remote rural areas– Diversification of electricity supply away from large hydro– Development of highly energy efficient technologies with social benefits

Example of Electricity Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC--Mexico

Minimum Energy Efficiency Performance Standards for Appliances– Initially covered

refrigerators and freezers, central air conditioners, motors; expanded since

– Movement to align with policies of Canada and U.S.

– Energy efficiency labeling a complementary element

Example of Transport Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC—Curitiba, Brazil and Bogotá, Colombia

Common Features– Bus Rapid Transit, with trunk lines operating in exclusive lanes– Tariff for public transportation system integrated, meaning that

payment is one time, when first enter system– Substantial pedestrian walking areas, in numerous cases

replacing streets previously used by motorized vehicles– Parking supply limited– Establishment of bike lanes– Planning and oversight provided by municipal entities with

professional and well-qualified staff

Example of Transport Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC—Differences between Curitiba and Bogotá

Curitiba Land-use regulation maintains

highest density near bus trunk lines

Intense investment in an urban infrastructure accessible by walking or bus—Opera House, botanical gardens, plazas

Planning agency, IPPUC, now charged with metropolitan focus

Bogotá Private vehicle use discouraged

during peak traffic hours through “Pico y Placa” program that limits private vehicle use

Bus “stations” are integrated with bike lanes, with provision made for locking up bicycles in the stations

“Car-free” day once a year

Curitiba in Photos

Bogotá in Photos

Potential for Wind in LAC

Potential for Solar in LAC

Potential for Geothermal in LAC

Example of Renewables Promotion Program in Brazil

PROINFA Program

First Phase: acquiring 3300 MW of renewables

– 1/3 each from wind, small hydro, biomass

Second Phase: By 2020, goal is to have 10% of electricity from these sources

Status: – First phase was originally to be

completed by the end of 2006, did not meet target

– Problem with access to financing prompted national bank (BNDES) to offer more attractive financing

Example of Renewable Promotion Program in Chile

Renewable Portfolio Standard: 10% of electricity generation by 2024 to be from non-conventional renewable energy

Supplemented by InvestChile Program, goal of which is to promote and attract technology intensive foreign direct investment into Chile 

– Offers services ranging from business development assistance to assistance in financing

– One of targets is renewable energy– Currently has 133 renewables projects in

portfolio