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Energy • Energy- the capacity to do work Work- force through a distance • Joule- amount of work done – 4 Joules = 1 calorie – Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of water 1°C

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Page 1: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Energy

• Energy- the capacity to do work–Work- force through a distance

• Joule- amount of work done– 4 Joules = 1 calorie– Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of water 1°C

Page 2: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Power

• Power- rate of energy flow

• Watt- measure of power– Kilowatt-hour (kwh) 1000 watts exerted for 1

hour.

Page 3: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

World Energy Consumption

Page 4: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of
Page 5: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Per Capita Consumption

• 20 Richest Countries Consume– 80% of natural gas– 65% of oil– 50% of coal

• U.S. and Canada consume 25% of available energy

Page 6: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of
Page 7: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of
Page 8: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

How We Use Energy

Page 9: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Fossil Fuels

• Buried organic matter compressed over millions of years

• Lead to global warming

• Examples– Coal– Oil – Natural Gas

Page 10: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Making Fossil Fuels

Page 11: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Coal

• Pro– Vast Reserves

• Con– Very dirty– Destructive Extraction

Page 12: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Coal-fired Power Plant

Page 13: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Mining for Coal

Page 14: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

A Strip Mine

Page 15: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Oil• 600 Billion metric tons

– ½ is recoverable– Gone in 30 years

• In 2000, proven reserves = 650 billion barrels– Mostly in Middle East

• Problems– Contains high sulfur– 3-6 million metric tons in ocean/year

Page 16: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Oil Reserves

Page 17: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Refining Oil

Page 18: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Hubbert’s Peak

Page 19: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Modern Prediction

Page 20: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Natural Gas

• Third largest commercial fuel

• Only ½ CO2 as oil

• Difficult to store and transport

• Could last 60 years

Page 21: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Nuclear Power

• Derived from splitting atoms

• Relatively cheap energy

• Problems– Radiation kills– Nuclear waste

Page 22: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Nuclear Fission

Page 23: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Nuclear Reactor

Page 24: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

“Renewable” Energy

Page 25: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Renewable as Part of the Whole

Page 26: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Solar Energy

• Using energy from the sun to do work

• Very little waste

Page 27: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Passive Solar

Page 28: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Solar Oven

Page 29: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Active Solar

Page 30: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Photovoltaic Cells

Page 31: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Fuel Cells

• Use electrochemical reactions to produce electricity

• Hydrogen is hard to store and transport

• About as efficient as the best fossil fuel engines

Page 32: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

A Fuel Cell

Page 33: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Hydrogen Car

Page 34: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Biomass

• Wood and other plant matter

• Burns much cleaner than fossil fuels

• Renewable fuel source

• 40% of world’s population uses wood– Leads to deforestation

Page 35: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Hydropower

• Falling water has a lot of energy

• In 1925, 40% of world’s energy came from hydropower

• Totally destroys ecosystems

Page 36: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Hydroelectric Dam

Page 37: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Wind Energy

• Pros– Very Clean– Very Abundant

• Cons– Requires expensive storage

Page 38: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

U.S. Wind Potential

Page 39: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Wind Generator

Page 40: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Renewables

Page 41: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Geothermal, Tidal and Wave Energy

• Geothermal– Only useful in a few places

• Tidal and Wave Energy– Lots of energy, but very hard to harness– Potentially huge environmental impacts

Page 42: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Geothermal Energy

Page 43: Energy Energy- the capacity to do work –Work- force through a distance Joule- amount of work done –4 Joules = 1 calorie –Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of

Wave Energy