energy f read ch 9 & 10 lec 17 25feb02 id: eee105 password: prairie
TRANSCRIPT
Energy Read Ch 9 & 10
Lec 17 25Feb02
http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ID: eee105Password: prAIRie
Regional Total Energy ConsumptionOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development
25 countries
Regional Total Energy Consumption
EE/FSU
Asia
Latin AmericaAfricamid-East
Over half the world’s energy consumption
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPECOPEC
Formed 1960
controls 75% of worlds oil reserves
OPEC meets next on March 15
The new race for oil
the Caspian Sea
Pipelines?
Pipelines?
Energy Consumption (1998)
Per capita(as tons of oil)
USA 7.86Canada 7.61
Germany 4.11
France 4.05
Japan 3.72
S. America 0.67Africa 0.33
Energy Usage
• Residential and commercial usage
30% of North American energy usage
mostly for air conditioning
refrigeration
space heating
water heating
Energy Usage
• Residential and commercial usage
30% of North American energy usage
but in less developed countries
mostly for cooking
Energy Usage
• Residential and commercial usage
• Industrial Use
~ 30% in U.S.
more efficient in MDC’s
Energy Usage
• Residential and commercial usage
• Industrial Use
• Transportation use
Transportation use
Transportation Energy Use(1998)
Per capita(gigajoules)
USA 106Holland 41
Transportation Energy Use(1998)
Per capita(gigajoules)
USA 106Holland 41
Japan 28
Mexico 17
Zimbabwe 4
India 2
Transportation Energy Use
In U.S.: government subsidies
Although rail & bus transport is twice as energy efficient
for highways & trucking
U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply
Transportation Energy Use
U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply
The automobiles of the rest of the world consume 7% of world’s oil
Public transportation is more energy efficient
Energy Conservation ?
Environmental protection
Security
Economic dependence on OPEC
Hybrid automobiles
60+ mpg
Hybrid automobiles
60+ mpg
Fuel Cells
Hydrogen & oxygen as fuel
Energy Conservation ?
Resources & Reserves
• Resource a naturally occurring substance which potentially can be extracted • Reserves - known deposits which can be extracted now with existing technology under present economic conditions
changes in reportingchanges in reporting
since 1989, reserves constant
new discoveries = consumption
Oil suppliesOil suppliesOil suppliesOil supplies
When will we run out of oil?
• Geologists:
80% of current production from fields
discovered before 1973
When will we run out of oil?
• Geologists:
80% of current production from fields
discovered before 1973
Industrialists: innovative technologies in extraction, production, and usage
peak in 2010
peak 2050 - 2100
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
snow 9 months of yearsnow 9 months of yearsnow 9 months of yearsnow 9 months of year
coastal plaincoastal plain
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
95% probability: 2.03 billion barrels95% probability: 2.03 billion barrels95% probability: 2.03 billion barrels95% probability: 2.03 billion barrelsUSGS:
5% probability: 9.38 billion barrels5% probability: 9.38 billion barrels
3.2 billion barrels = 6 months3.2 billion barrels = 6 months 3.2 billion barrels = 6 months3.2 billion barrels = 6 monthsU.S. oil usageU.S. oil usageU.S. oil usageU.S. oil usage
Oil Use Issues
• Petrochemical industry is the major contributor to air pollution
Every gallon of gasoline burned
releases 20 lbs of CO2
Nitrogen oxides released
cause smog & acid rain