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The importance of Tourism 2012
Energy Performance Simulation of Hotel in Greece using the EnergyPlus software with the aim of upgrading
M.E. Papadaki1 and A. Papasifaki1, S.P. Pieri1, I. Tzouvadakis1
1.Department of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 10682, Athens, Greece
To improve energy performance of existing hotel • by implementation of retrofit interventions supporting energy saving • by application of renewable energy technology supporting energy production
tIntroduction
The contribution of tourism to GDP in Greece reaches 16.4% (SETE, 2012) with hotel sector contributing 45.3% of tourist GDP (ΙΟΒΕ). However, hotels can have adverse environmental effects due to their excessive energy consumption. The annual average total energy consumption in hotels is 273 kWh/m2 in Greece, the second highest among all categories of buildings (Santamouris et al 1996).Initiatives have been taken for sustainable development . In this direction hoteliers implement effective innovations and retrofitting systems which can have environmental and financial benefits.
Case StudyHotel building 3* category • constructed in 1980• 4 floors with total area of 3900 m², 93 rooms included• elongated shape in North-South axis with North façade• electricity used for lighting, electrical equipment and air-conditioning for air cooling only• located in Heraklion, Crete of Greece
Fig. 1: Daily Dry Temperature in Heraklion in DView softwareJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
68
10
12
14
16
18
2022
24
2628
30
32
Materials and MethodsAssessment tools used :• Google SketchUp & Legacy Open Studio plugin - division in 27 thermal zones (T.O.T.E.E. Protocols)
• EnergyPlus Imported parameters: - Building materials (T.O.T.E.E. Protocols) - Internal gains (ASHRAE, IES), zones airflows, HVAC - Schedules (according to hotel management info)
Fig. 2:3D Model ofthe Hotel inSketchUp
Materials and Methods Proposed scenarios: • Night Vevntilation - decrease the value of day ventilation - increase the value of night ventilation • Low-emissivity Glazing - external layer: Low-e 3mm, G-Value: 0.837→0.63 - air cavity filling → Argon 12mm • External Insulation - external layer → expanded polisteryne plates - exterior walls U-value: 1.66 → 0.47 - exterior roof U-value: 1.94 → 0.49 • Photovoltaic system - interconnected PV system -net metering- 94 PV monocrystalline silicon panels of 245 Watt inclination 30°
Cost viability • research for technology systems that implement the above scenarios • estimation of payback period for each one
Results
!!! Energy Consumption = Ideal Electrical Energy Consumption Required
Base Case - Total Energy Consumption: 36.29 kWh/m²/year
Fig. 3: Monthly Energy Consumption
- 5% /year reduction in Energy Consumption - Excepted payback period: 19 years (EBMS-Window Control System)
Low-e Glazing (Scenario 2)
- 3.36% /year reduction in Energy Consumption - Excepted payback period: 25 years
Night Ventilation (Scenario 1)
Fig. 4: Daily Mean Temperature in West Rooms of 1st Floor thermal zone
Fig. 5: Hourly Mean Temperature in West Rooms of 2nd Floor thermal zone, highest radiation day: 12/07 (Dview software)
Results
Conclusions
External Insulation (Scenario 3)
- 18.2% /year retduction in Energy Consumption - Excepted payback period: 26 years
PV System (Scenario 4) - Annual production 8.7 kWh/m² → 23.7%/year of the Total Energy Consumption - Excepted payback period: 16 years
All Interventions simultaneously (Scenario1&2&3&4) - 49.9%/year reduction in Total Energy Consumption
Fig. 6: Mean Daily Temperature in West Rooms of 3rd Floor thermal zone
- Excepted payback period: 21 years
Table : Monthly Energy Consumption
Fig. 7: Annual Energy Consumption
• Most efficient solution: Scenario 4 (23.7% energy saving)• Cost viable solution: Scenario 4 (16 years payback period)• Most environment friendly solution: the simultaneous implementation of all the proposed interventions (approximately 50% energy saving)
References1.SETE, Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises, The importance of Tourism 20122.ΙΟΒΕ, Foundation for Economic and Industrial Research3. M. Santamouris , C.A. Balaras , E. Dascalaki , A. Argiriou, A. Gaglia. Energy conservation and retrofitting potential in Hellenic hotels. Energy and Buildings 24 (1996) 65-754.T.O.T.E.E., Technical Instructions of the Technical Chamber of Greece 20701-1/2010 and 20701-2/20105. ASHRAE, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55, ASHRAE Fundamentals 20096. IES, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, Lighting Handbook: Reference & Application, 8th Edition
AcknowledgementWe are grateful to the building owner and facility manager for providing data. We would also like to thank Fanis Psomas for his advice and support.
Personal Information Papadaki Maria-Eleni Papasifaki Alkyoni [email protected] [email protected] +30 6942588537 +30 6973538136
Objectives
September
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
kWh/
m²
Months
air-coolingelectricalequipment&lighting
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
28
29
30
31
32
33
1:0
0
3:0
0
5:0
0
7:00
9:00
11:
00
13:0
0
15:
00
17:
00
19:0
0
21:0
0
23:
00
° C
Hours
Base Case
Scenario 2
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
04/
01 0
4/11
04/
21 0
5/01
05/
11 0
5/21
05/
31 0
6/10
06/
20 0
6/30
07/
10 0
7/20
07/
30 0
8/09
08/
19 0
8/29
09/
08 0
9/18
09/
28 1
0/08
o C
Days
Base CaseScenario 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Base Case Scenario 1 Scenario1&2
Scenario1&2&3
Scenario1&2&3&4
kWh/
m²
17192123252729313335
04/
01
04/
15
04/
29
05/
13
05/
27
06/
10
06/
24
07/
08
07/
22
08/
05
08/
19
09/
02
09/
16
09/
30
10/
14
o C
Days
Base CaseScenario 3
Months
Total
January
Before
0
0
0
0
0
1.43
3.01
6.81
9.16
8.75
5.46
1.67
36.29
0
0
0
0
0
1.32
1.94
4.75
6.85
6.68
4.00
1.25
26.79
0.51
0.45
0.67
0.49
0.41
0.72
0.81
0.88
0.93
0.95
0.89
0.90
8.61 18.18
After
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Required EnergyConsumption
(kWh/m2)
Generated Energyby PV System
(kWh/m2)
Final EnergyConsumption
Required(kWh/m2)