By..,

Darshan

... Energy production..

Renewable energy resources..

Non renewable energy resources..

Energy policy..

Energy reserves..

Energy consumption..

Energy and environmental concerns..

Energy development is a field of

endeavor focused on making available

sufficient primary energy sources and

secondary energy forms to meet the

needs of society. ...

These includes SOLAR, WIND, BIOMASS, AND

SMALL HYDRO SOURCES!!!

Among the renewable sources,hydropower is the

largest.

Wind power has also a great potential. wind mills

and sails have been in use since ancient times..it’s a

fast growing resource.

The use of solar energy is through photovoltaic

cells.

The biomass resource are various types of cultivated

or unciltivated vegetation.

The energy policy of the govt. Aims to

ensure adequate energy supplies at

minimum possible costs,achieving self-

sufficiency in energy supplies and

protecting the environment from adverse

impact due to utilisation of energy

resources...

In Indian country COAL, OIL AND NATURAL

GAS resources are the primary commercial

sources of energy...!!!!!

COAL: Indian ranks 3rd amongst the coal

producing countries of the world.The bulk of the

coal produced is inferior grade non-coking coal

used to meet the demands of the power sector....

Indian is the one of the least explored regions

which a oil well density of 20per 10,000sq km

as against world average of 100.

Of the 26 sedimenatary basins,only 6 have been

explored so far, accounting for 30% the

countries prognosticated reserves...s

Major product inported in 1998/99 were high

speed disel oil, kerosine and liquified petroleum

gas..

Major Energy consumption includes in these sectors...

INDUSTIAL SECTOR TRANSPORT SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR DOMESTIC SECTOR

This sector is the largest consumer of energy consuming about 50% of the total commercial energy produced in the country followed by the transport sector....!

COAL and LIGNITE contribute about 57%, OIL and GAS around 33%, HYDROELECTRIC POWER 3%, and NUCLEAR POWER 0.2% these are the commecial sources of energy used in Industrial sector.

Industrial sector consumed 104 biilion kWh from the utilities and 34 billion from in capativeplants...

(among the 80% of total industrial energy consumption are

In this sector largely consumes PETROLEUM

products__ mainly in the form of High speed

diesel(HSD)and Gasoline and accounts for nearly 50% of

total consumption..

Consumption of HSD increased from about 9million

tonnes in 1980/81 to 30MT in 1996/97.

The higher rates of growth in energy consumption in1990s

primarily due to increase in the share of road transport

visa-a-vis rail for both passenger & freight movements & a

phenomenal increase in the no. Of personalised vis-a-vis

public vehicles.

This has serious implications for health and environment

in urban areas.

This sector consumption of commercial energy has

grown significantly with increased of mechanisation

& modernisation of agricultural activities..

The relative share of electricity & diesel power as

against human & animal labor has increased

significantly from 5.37% in 1950/51 to almost 50% of

the total farm power consumed for irrigation in

1995/96

Elecricity consumption by agriculture has grown

from 8.7billion kWh in 1975/76 to 23.4billion kWh in

1985/86 and to 34billion kWh in 1996/97.

The consumption of biomass(wood) energy is very

high.

Around 78% of rural & 30% of urban households

depends on firewood.

However, the fix of traditional fuelsin the national

energy mix is decreasing as efficient commericial

fuels are increasingly substituting these.

In b/w 1970/71 & 1994/95, the annual consumption

of electricity per household went up from 7kWh to

53kWh: of kerosine from 6.6kg to 9.9kg & of

cooking gas from 0.33kg to 3.8 kg.

The environmental effects of the use of various

fuels are of serious concern owing to increasing

consumption levels.

Pollutants associated with the combustion of

fossil fuels, viz.., SPM, SO2,Nox, & CO pose a

major threat to environmental qulity and human

health.

The problem is compounded due to poor qulality 7

of Indian coal

In addition to the emissions, land requirements for

the disposal of fly ash generated in the thermal

power plants is a major concern.

Electric power generation is also the largest source

of GREENHOUSE gasses & accounts for 48% if

carbon emitted.

The nuclear option comes with its own set of

problems.

Large hydro projects in turn, may entail serve often

irreriable social & environmental costs including the

dislocation of people...

The contribution of natural gasses to energy

management is a significant step.

Advanced technologies for electric power generation

have resulted in energy efficiency gains.

Fuel cells that combine hydrogen and oxygen

electrochemically to produce electricity, water and

heat.

Biomass as another source energy. It has

environmental implications and its is use is being

examined after taking into consideration the

biodiversity and pollution effects aspects.

Photovolatic cells trap solar energy to produce

electricity