TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. OIL IN PAKISTAN .......................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1. DISCOVERY ................................................................................................................................................ 3

1.2. HISTORY .................................................................................................................................................. 3

1.3. RESOURCES OF OIL ............................................................................................................................... 3

1.3.1. PAKISTAN OILFIELDS LIMITED ....................................................................................................... 3

1.3.2. Shale oil ................................................................................................................................................ 3

1.3.3. PAKISTAN AMONG TOP 10 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST SHALE OIL RESERVES ..................... 4

1.4. GEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN IN RELATION TO OIL .............................................................................. 6

1.5. PRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 7

1.5.1. PAKISTAN CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION BY YEAR ............................................................................ 7

1.6. CONSUMPTION OF OIL IN PAKISTAN ................................................................................................ 9

1.6.1. Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) in Pakistan ...................................................................... 9

1.6.2. OIL CONSUMPTION - WORLD .........................................................................................................10

1.6.3. OIL CONSUMPTION - ASIA ...............................................................................................................11

1.7. CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION COMPARISON .......................................................................11

1.7.1. DATA FOR COMPARISON OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION OF OIL .............................11

1.8. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF OIL FOR PAKISTAN ..........12

2. NATURAL GAS ...............................................................................................................................................13

2.1. PROVED RESERVES..............................................................................................................................13

2.2. RESERVES-TO-PRODUCTION RATIO ............................................................................................................15

2.3. PRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................15

2.4. CONSUMPTION .....................................................................................................................................18

2.4.1. NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR ..................................................................................19

2.5. EXPORTS ................................................................................................................................................20

2.6. IMPORTS .................................................................................................................................................20

3. COAL ................................................................................................................................................................21

3.1. COAL RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN ................................................................................................................23

3.1.1. Pakistan Coal Resources (As On June 2003).......................................................................................25 3.1.1.1. Sindh .......................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.1.2. Baluchistan ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 25 3.1.1.3. Punjab ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 3.1.1.4. KPK ........................................................................................................................................................... 28 3.1.1.5. Azad Kashmir ............................................................................................................................................ 29

3.2. COAL PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN : .............................................................................................................30

3.3. COAL CONSUMPTION IN PAKISTAN : ..........................................................................................................31

3.4. COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION OF COAL: ......................................................................32

3.5. COAL EXPORT BY PAKISTAN : ....................................................................................................................33

3.5.1. Coal Imports by Pakistan .....................................................................................................................33

4. NUCLEAR ENERGY IN PA KISTAN ...........................................................................................................34

4.1. LIST OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN PAKISTAN .......................................................................................35

4.2. NUCLEAR-RELATED FACILITIES ..............................................................................39

5. RELATED UNITS AND TH EIR MUTUAL CONVERSIO NS ...................................................................40

5.1. UNITS FOR POWER MEASUREMENT ...........................................................................................................40

5.2. UNITS FOR ENERGY MEASUREMENT .........................................................................................................40

5.3. UNITS FOR OIL MEASUREMENTS ...............................................................................................................41

1. OIL IN PAKISTAN

1.1. DISCOVERY

Pakistan's first oil field was found in the late 1952 in Baluchistan near a giant Sui gas field. The Toot oil

field was not discovered until the early 1960s in the Punjab. It covers 122.67 square kilometers

(47.36 sq mi). Pakistan Petroleum and Pakistan Oilfields explored and began drilling these fields with

Soviet help in 1961 and activity began in Toot during 1964.

1.2. HISTORY

The Toot area is one of the oldest oil producing regions in Pakistan with the first oil well drilled in 1964

when President Ayub Khan encouraged a mineral development policy. In 1964 the first well was drilled

and commercial production started in 1967. There are about 60 million barrels of oil in place of which

12%-15% is recoverable. At its peak during 1986, the field was producing approximately 2,400 barrel of

oil per day.

1.3. RESOURCES OF OIL

1.3.1. PAKISTAN OILFIELDS L IMITED

The Pakistan Oilfields Limited (KSE: POL; formerly known as Pakistan-Soviet Oil Fields), is a global

competitive oil exploration consortium and megacorporation, located in Rawalpindi, Punjab Province of

Pakistan. The Pakistan Oilfields is a subsidiary of the Attock Group of Companies, was incorporated on

25 November 25, 1950, with the financial capital and technical cooperation of the Soviet Union.

In 1978, Pakistan Oilfields took over the exploration and production business of Alishba Oil Company.

Since then, Pakistan Oilfields has been investing independently. Pakistan Oilfields is a leading oil and

gas exploration and production company listed on all the three stock exchanges of Pakistan.

1.3.2. SHALE OIL

Shale oil is an unconventional oil produced from oil shale rock fragments by pyrolysis, hydrogenation,

or thermal dissolution. These processes convert the organic matter within the rock (kerogen)

into synthetic oil and gas. The resulting oil can be used immediately as a fuel or upgraded to meet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sui_gas_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toot_oil_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toot_oil_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Oilfieldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilwellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Field_Marshal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawalpindihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attock_Group_of_Companieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconventional_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_shalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_dissolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upgrader

refinery feedstock specifications by adding hydrogen and removing impurities such

as sulfur and nitrogen. The refined products can be used for the same purposes as those derived

from crude oil. The term "shale oil" is interchangeable, as it is used as well for crude oil produced from

shales of other very low permeability formations.

As per DAWN NEWS Aug 28, 2013 Pakistan said to have large reserves of shale oil. ISLAMABAD: In

a major development, the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the American federal authority on

energy statistics and analysis, has estimated fresh recoverable shale gas reserves of 105 trillion cubic

feet (TCF) and more than nine billion barrels of oil in Pakistan.

These estimates of recoverable hydrocarbon reserves are many times larger than so far proven reserves

of 24 TCF for gas and about 300 million barrels for oil. Pakistan currently produces about 4.2 billion

cubic feet of gas and about 70,000 barrels of oil per day

1.3.3. PAKISTAN AMONG TOP 1 0 COUNTRIES WITH HIG HEST SHALE OIL

RESERVES

Pakistan has more shale oil than Canada, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA)

report releases on June 13, 2013.

has 586 trillion cubic feet of shale gas of which 105 trillion cubic feet (up from 51 trillion cubic feet

reported in 2011) is technically recoverable with current technology.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refineryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedstockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impurityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttp://www.dawn.com/news/1038762/pakistan-said-to-have-large-reserves-of-shale-gas-oil

Crude Oil Proven Reserves Definition: Oil reserves are the amount of technically and economically

recoverable oil. Reserves may be for a well, for a reservoir, for a field, for a nation, or for the world.

Different classifications of reserves are related to their degree of certainty. The total estimated amount of

oil in an oil reservoir, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called oil in place. However,

because of reservoir characteristics and limitations in petroleum extraction technologies, only a fraction

of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is only this producible fraction that is considered to be

reserves. The ratio of producible oil reserves to total oil in place for a given field is often referred to as

the recovery factor. Recovery factors vary greatly among oil fields. The recovery factor of any particular

field may change over time based on operating history and in response to changes in technology and

economics. The recovery factor may also rise over time if additional investment is made in enhanced oil

recovery techniques such as gas injection, surfactants injection, water-flooding,[1] or microbial

enhanced oil recovery. Proven reserves are those reserves claimed to have a reasonable certainty

(normally at least 90% confidence) of being recoverable under existing economic and political

conditions, with existing technology. Industry specialists refer to this as P90 (i.e., having a 90%

certainty of being produced). Proven reserves are also known in the industry as 1P.

1.4. GEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN IN RELATION TO OIL

1.5. PRODUCTION

Pakistan is a net importer of crude oil and refined products, wh

primary energy supply in 2012, according to a report by the Sustainable Development Policy

Institute. Crude oil and other liquids production in Pakistan has fluctuated between 55,000 and

70,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) since the 1990s. In 2013, the country produced 64,000 bbl/d. Oil

consumption has grown over time and averaged 437,000 bbl/d in 2013. Pakistan currently has six oil

refineries, running mostly on imported crude oil, and a total crude oil distillation capacity of 186,000

bbl/d.

Crude Oil Definition : A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground

reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities.

Depending upon the characteristics of the crude stream, it may also include 1. Small amounts of

hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric

pressure after being recovered from oil well (casing head) gas in lease separators and are subsequently

comingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease condensate recovered as a

liquid from natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the crude stream

is also included; 2. Small amounts of non-hydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur and various

metals; 3. Drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil

shale. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a

wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants;

asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane; and many other products used for their energy or chemical content.

1.5.1. PAKISTAN CRUDE OIL P RODUCTION BY YEAR

YEAR PRODUCTION YEAR PRODUCTION

1980 10 1997 57

1981 10 1998 54.91

1982 12 1999 53

1983 13 2000 54.42

1984 17 2001 59.87

YEAR PRODUCTION YEAR PRODUCTION

1985 35 2002 64.27

1986 42 2003 60

1987 42 2004 62

1988 45 2005 65.63

1989 48 2006 65.67

1990 62 2007 65.19

1991 62 2008 58.58

1992 61.35 2009 55.37

1993 60.36 2010 65

1994 55.00 2011 65

1995 57.10 2012 72

1996 55 2013 80.80

As per DAILY TIMES KARACHI:

first quarter of 2014-15 (1Q FY15) to stand at 94,000 barrels of oil per day (bopd) as compared with

79,000 bopd in corresponding period last year. Overall, the hydrocarbon production in Pakistan, which

stood at an average 787,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day (boed) in 1Q FY14, averaged 799,000 boed

in 1QFY15, up merely 1 percent in 1Q FY15 as per statistic provided by exploration and production of

companies to local equity research Centre.

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1.6. CONSUMPTION OF OIL I N PAKISTAN

Definition of Oil - consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The

discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or

exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.

1.6.1. ENERGY USE (KG OF OIL EQUIVALENT PER CAP ITA) IN PAKISTAN

Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) in Pakistan was last measured at 501.60 in 2009, according

to the World Bank. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use

fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels

supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. This page has the latest values,

historical data, forecasts, charts, statistics, an economic calendar and

News for energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) in Pakistan.

1.6.2. OIL CONSUMPTION - WORLD

1.6.3. OIL CONSUMPTION - ASIA

1.7. CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION COMPARISON

1.7.1. DATA FOR COMPARISON OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION OF OIL

YEAR PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION YEAR PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION

1980 10 104 1997 57 333.04

1981 10 113 1998 54.91 346.84

1982 12 134 1999 53 368.57

1983 13 137 2000 54.42 365.01

1984 17 140 2001 59.87 360.12

1985 35 159.67 2002 64.27 355.89

1986 42 165.75 2003 60 336.60

1987 42 180.43 2004 62 326.85

1988 45 194.20 2005 65.63 336.10

1989 48 205.63 2006 65.67 357.08

1990 62 220.05 2007 65.19 382.26

1991 62 221.06 2008 58.58 389.75

1992 61.35 227.21 2009 55.37 390.94

1993 60.36 256.42 2010 65 392.30

1994 55.00 282.17 2011 65 418.00

1995 57.10 298.09 2012 72 440.11

1996 55 326.90 2013 80.80 437.06

1.8. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTA TION OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF

OIL FOR PAKISTAN

2. NATURAL GAS

2.1. PROVED RESERVES

The proved reserves of natural gas have been estimated 679.6 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)

year reserves Change

( wrt Previous year)

2003 26.3649997711182 5.13 %

2004 26.8299999237061 1.76 %

2005 26.8299999237061 0.00 %

2006 28.1529998779297 4.93 %

2007 28 -0.54 %

2008 28 0.00 %

2009 31.2660007476807 11.66 %

2010 29.6709995269775 -5.10 %

2011 29.6709995269775 0.00 %

2012 26.6200008392334 -10.28 %

2013 24.0009994506836 -9.84 %

The source of all these graphs is United States Energy Information Administration. Other sources apart

from USEID are mentioned where needed.

COUNTRY 2004 2005 2008 2010 2011

PAKISTAN 695,600,000,00

0

759,700,000,00

0

792,800,000,00

0

840,200,000,00

0

840,200,000,00

0

This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m).

Country

At the end of 2012

Trillion cubic meters

At the end of 2013

Trillion

cubic feet

Trillion

cubic

meters

share of

total world R/P ratio

PAKISTAN 0.6 22.7 0.6 0.3 % 16.7

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014

http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/natural_gas_proved_reserves.html

Natural gas - proved reserves - comparative map Source: USEID

2.2. RESERVES-TO-PRODUCTION RATIO

The Reserves-to-production ratio (RPR or R/P) is the remaining amount of a non-renewable

resource, expressed in time. While applicable to all natural resources, the RPR is most commonly

applied to fossil fuels, particularly petroleum and natural gas. The reserve portion (numerator) of the

ratio is the amount of a resource known to exist in an area and to be economically recoverable

(proved reserves). The production portion (denominator) of the ratio is the amount of resource used

in one year at the current rate.

RPR = (amount of known resource) / (amount used per year)

RPR for Pakistan is 16.7.

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2014

2.3. PRODUCTION

http://www.indexmundi.com/map/?v=98http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_resource_classification#Mineral_reserveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denominator

During July-March 2008-09 the production was 3986.5 million cubic feet per day as compared to

3965.9 mmcfd during the corresponding period last year showing an increase of 0.52%. Presently 26

private and public sector companies are engaged in oil and gas exploration and production activities.

Following are the natural gas fields in the Pakistan:

Kandkhot field (13 TCF, 347109m)

Khan field

Mari field

Miano gas field

Mizra field

Sawan gas field

Sui gas field (2 TCF; 54109m)

Toot gas field

Ul Haq field (1 TCF; 27109m)

Zamzama field

The Sui gas field is the biggest natural gas field in the Pakistan. It is located near Sui in Baluchistan.

The gas field was discovered in the late 1952 and the commercial exploitation of the field began in

1955. The Sui gas

estimated to be at about 800 billion cubic feet (tcf) and the daily production is around 660 million

cubic feet (19,000,000 m3) of natural. The operator of the field is Pakistan petroleum limited. Other

natural gas companies in Pakistan are

SUI NORTHERN GAS COMPANY LIMITED

PAKISTAN STATE OIL COMPANY LIMITED

PAKISTAN PETROLEUM LIMITED

PAK ARAB REFINERY LIMITED

SAINDAK METALS LIMITED

PAKISTAN MINERAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LIMITED

STATE PETROLEUM REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL CORPORATION (PVT) LTD

NATIONAL REFINERY LIMITED (NRL)

OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED

Total natural gas production by company wise is given below.

Source: Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2012

Source:

United States Energy Information Administration.

This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m).

COUNTRY 2003 2004 2007 2008 2011

PAKISTAN 23,800,000,000 27,400,000,000 30,800,000,000 37,500,000,000 42,900,000,000

http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/natural_gas_production.html

Natural gas - Production - Comparative map Source: USEID

2.4. CONSUMPTION

The consumption of natural gas during 2007-08 was 40.3%. The sector wise natural gas consumption

during July-March 2008-09 is given below

Consumption of gas (billion cft) (percentage change)

Year

July-march

household Change (%) commerical Change (%) Cement Change (%)

2008-2009 172 -0.5 26.4 3.2 6 -35.5

Source: Hydrocarbon development institute of Pakistan

Consumption of gas (billion cft) (percentage change)

Year

July-march

fertilizer Change (%) Power Change (%) Industrial Change

2008-2009 150 0.7 278 13.1 234 2.8

Source: Hydrocarbon development institute of Pakistan

http://www.indexmundi.com/map/?v=98

2.4.1. NATURAL GAS CONSUMPT ION BY SECTOR

Source: Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2012

COUNTRY 2003 2004 2007 2008 2011

PAKISTAN 23,800,000,000 27,400,000,000 30,800,000,000 37,500,000,000 42,900,000,000

Source: United States Energy Information Administration.

This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m).

http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/natural_gas_consumption.html

Natural gas - Consumption - Comparative map Source: USEID

2.5. EXPORTS

According to United States Energy Information Administration the exports till the end of 2013 were

0 cu m.

Country 2001 2004 2007 2008 2009

Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0

This entry is the total natural gas exported in cubic meters (cu m).

2.6. IMPORTS

According to United States Energy Information Administration the imports till the end of 2013 were

0 cu m.

Country 2001 2004 2007 2008 2009

Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0

This entry is the total natural gas exported in cubic meters (cu m).

http://www.indexmundi.com/map/?v=98http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/natural_gas_exports.htmlhttp://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/natural_gas_exports.html

3. COAL

Coal (from the Old English term col, which has meant "mineral of fossilized carbon" since the 13th

century) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in

layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded

as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed

primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen,

and nitrogen.

Coal as obtained from a Coal Mine

A coal power generation plant is shown below:

Coal Power plant

3.1. COAL RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN

Total Coal reserves in Pakistan are estimated around 185.5 billion tonnes and can produce 100000 MW

electricity for 30 years. Only 150 MW indigenous coal plant has been set up so far, and further mining

and required infrastructure needs huge amounts of investment as well as time.

Kashmir. The

above figure shows locations and names of major coalfields and coal occurrences of Pakistan.

According to rough estimates, the total coal resources of Pakistan are more than 185 billion tones. Coal

reserves, together with heating values (as on received basis), of all the four Provinces and Azad Kashmir

are given here below.

Source: Geological Survey of Pakistan / Pakistan Energy Year Book 2003

Province Resources in Million Tonnes Heating Value(Btu/lb)

Sindh 184,623 5,219 -13,555

Baluchistan 217 9,637 -15,499

Punjab 235 9,472 -15,801

NWFP 91 9,386 -14,217

AJK 9 7,336 -12,338

Total 185,175

Coal Resources of Pakistan

3.1.1. PAKISTAN COAL RESOUR CES (AS ON JUNE 2003)

All of this data is provided by NEPRA, Pakistan. Other sources apart from NEPRA are

mentioned where needed.

3.1.1.1. Sindh

Coal Field Coal Resource

(Million Tonnes)

Heating Value

(Btu/lb.)

Thar 175,506 6,244 11,045

Lakhra 1,328 5,503 9,158

Sonda-Jherruck 5,523 5,219 13,555

Meting- Jhimpir 473 5,219 8,612

Indus East 1,777 7,782 8,660

Badin 16 11,415 11,521

Sub-Total:- 184,623

Coal Fields in Sindh

3.1.1.2. Baluchistan

Coal Field Coal Resources

(Million Tonnes)

Heating Value

(Btu/lb.)

Sor-Range/Degari 50 11,245 13,900

Khost-Sharigh-Harnai-Ziarat 88 9,637 15,499

Mach 23 11,110 12,937

Duki 56 10,131 14,357

Sub-Total:- 217

Coal Fields in Baluchistan