energy storage, an opportunity to all stakeholder of the ......dnv gl © 2017 economic evaluation...
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DNV GL © 2017 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL © 2017
Energy Storage, an opportunity to all Stakeholder of the Future electricity sector
Andrea Mansoldo & Christos Iraklis
DNVGL ME Branch
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Agenda
Technology Overview
Battery Storage
Storage & the Grid•Impact at planning and Operation•The EVs potential
Storage Competitors
Conclusions
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Technologies Overview
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Technology Overview
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Battery Storage
Flywheel Storage
Redox Flow
Battery
Hydrogen
Pumped Hydro
StorageSuper
capacitors
Thermal Storage
Compressed Air Energy Storage
Concentrated Solar Power
Power-2-Gas
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Power requirement versus discharge duration
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RES
Energy Storage Applications
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Market Size and Storage Cost:the BESS
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Levelised cost of storage in 2015 study period and 2030
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What are the key metrics for evaluating storage cost, LCOE, $/W, $/Wh etc.
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Battery Costs
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Source:
RMI 2014
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Energy Storage, the Stakeholder and the Grid
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Capacity Adequacy and… reality
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The Grid Challenge !!
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Planning: Core of the past … /
Steady State Analysis:
– Load Flows (Snapshots: Winter Peak, Summer Valley, Summer peak)
– Short Circuit
– Transient Stability
Electro Magnetic Transients:
– Protection Coordination
– Power qualities, Harmonics
– Insulation Coordination (EMT, switching, lightning)
Generation Adequacy
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Power System Analysis: Q&A
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• acceptable• Within the limitsVoltage limits
• Acceptable• Within the limitsThermal limits
• Within Standards• MitigationsPower Quality
• Locations• Solution/Mitigations
Weaknesses / Threatens
• Tools available• Maturity • International experience
Technologies
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Properly Allocating Storage can help..
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Consumer or
Renewable Source
Meter
Consumer or
Renewable Source
Storage Meter
Meter
Consumer or
Renewable Source
Storage
Meter
Consumer or
Renewable Source
MeterStorage
1 2
3 4
Meter Storage5
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Business models for Energy Storage Stakeholder
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Stacking Potential Revenue Streams
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Renewable Source
Renewable Source
Storage
Offtaker
Revenue via energy payments (Variable Fee)
Ancillary Services (Frequency, Voltage and Reserve products from the TSO)
PPA
Contracts with Network Operators
Trade on the spot market
?
Revenue via availability payments (Capacity and Fixed Fee)
Revenue via energy payments (Variable Fee)
Mitigate Grid Export
Facilitate Grid Power Wheeling
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Renewables and Storage
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Arbitrage
Grid Connection
Smoothing Renewable Output
Curtailment
Support the Variability of renewables
…
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Grid & Storage
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Source: ES-Grid, DNV GL
Defer Conventional Network
Reinforcement
Voltage Support
Phase Unbalance
Efficiency …
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Visions, RES Deployment Strategies & Grid Development
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Technical Constraints
Grid Stability
RES Volatility and Load Following
Voltage Stability
Fault Ride through
……………………………..
100% RES ?
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Ex.: Storage Batteries (BESS) and Conventional Generation
Frequency Regulation
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Storage Batteries (BESS) + PVs and stability
sec
Inverter Control/Synthetic
Inertia?
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Storage & Renewables
Storage may provide Renewables with
Dynamic-like performances
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How to improve the Business case
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Renewable Source
StorageAncillary Services (Frequency, Voltage and Reserve products from the TSO)
Contracts with Network Operators
Trade on the spot market
?
Revenue via availability payments (Capacity and Fixed Fee)
Revenue via energy payments (Variable Fee)
Mitigate Export to Grid
Facilitate Grid Power Wheeling
Increase Reliability
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Case of Study: Residential Area/Customer/Active Customer (Prosumer)
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Customer
GRID LOAD
CARNA311
PV_MANSO
STO_BATT
ENEL
S torage Batteries PV P lant[kWh] [kW]
Bas ecas e 0 6.9One battery 6.4 6.9Two batteries 12.8 6.9
Active Customer (Prosumer)
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Data Input
PV Plant 6.9 kW: Typical production curve of the area
Storage Battery: TESLA POWERWALL 6.4 kWh, 2 kW, 0.95 efficiency
Dispatchable generator from the Grid
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Bill 2015: 1 customer
Solar PV already compensates for F1 during summer, the most expensive energy
22-7
19-22 + WE
Peak
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Economic evaluation (single customer): Net Present Value
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R=4%, n=25 years
Import costs: 0.210 Euro/kWh
Export Remuneration:0.053 Euro/kWh
Three Battery costs:
– 7000 Euro (present estimation DNV_GL)
– 4000 Euro near term projection
– 3000 Euro long term projection
a) Break even with battery at 4400 Euro
b) 90 Euro/y savings with battery at 3000 Euro
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Storage & ‘Prosumers’
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Storage may offer Prosumers opportunities to optimize their bill
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Battery usage, opportunities for EV owners
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System wide Cost benefit analysis of EV impact
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Peculiar BESS technology: the Electric Vehicle
Non Static
– Can be concentrated in places (Malls, Stadium, Socialising and Business Areas)
– Can be distributed (Residential Areas)
– Dynamic location, daytime/nightime
By product of mobility needs, which everybody is interesting in
Need appropriate
– charging infrastructure
– regulation to incentive sharing EV batteries with grid operators
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…larger and larger offers on the market
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System approach: the V2G option
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2016: UK chargers G2V and V2G.
Other pilots in :
• Denmark
• Italy (ENEL)
• Spain
• Germany
Market Opportunities to EV Owners
Reduce Own Bill
Encouraged to connect and share Storage capability with Grid Operator
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The Dubai Mall Blackout (26 April 2017 at 19.00)
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Economics of The Dubai Mall event & EV/BESS Reliability
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EENS cost=840 kEuro
EV owner would improve system reliability if connected.
Parking sites:14000
Assumptions : EV 50%
Average storage : 50 kWh (Tesla 90 kWh, Nissan, Ioniq, 30 kWh, other 40 kWh)
Total availability: 7000 x 50 =350 MWh storage
Installed power in Dubai Mall ?, assumption 70 MVA.
Capability of supplying Dubai Mall for 5 hours at the peak.
Black out duration:1.5 hours (evening)
EENS blackout= 70x1.5x0.8=84 MWh
Load Shedding =10000 Euro/MWh
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1100 HV projects
AC
HVDC VSC
HVDC LCC
2020-2050
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Large Scale/Long Term impact: NPV 2020-2050
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11.3 GEu 10.2 GEu 8.2 GEu 6.3 GEu 4.9 GEu
EVs/BESS Flexibility may
lower the overall future Electric system costs
Scenarios
DSM=Demand Side Management
EV= Electric Vehicles
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Savings are a combination of…
Deferral of T&D Investments
Generation Costs
Losses Reduction
Facilitation of delivering RES
Other market Opportunities•Power Wheeling•Import/Export Capability
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Flexibility Services and Competitors: DSM vs. EVs/BESS
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
S0_2050_EV40 S0_2050_EV80 S0_2050_DSM80_EV80
[GWh]
EVs/BESS Flexibility service may be more
expensive due to Battery efficiency
EV 40% EV 80%EV 80% + DSM 80%
Scenarios
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Conclusion
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Conclusion
Storage has great potential to impact on the full chain of Power System stakeholders
The flexibility may be of interest to Producers and Consumers to offer system services to the operator
and to improve their economic business case
Storage driven by electrification of transportation may provide additional value to EV owner with an
appropriate regulation scheme
Transmission System operator may benefit from large scale deployment of Storage in planning and
operating the future Power Grid
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Thanks
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