energy storage for micro- and mini- grids in urban and ... storage for micro- and mini- ... power...
TRANSCRIPT
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Energy Storage for micro- and mini-grids in urban and rural Africa
Maxine Ghavi, Group SVP, Program Director Microgrid, ABB
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Transition from a centralized to a distributed grid
Energy and grid transformation
December 5, 2017 Slide 2
Traditional grid New grid
New developments are accelerating the transition
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Global trend – Big shift in the electrical value chain
Energy and grid transformation
December 5, 2017 Slide 3
DER: Distributed Energy Resources
Generation mix
Renewable share: ~40% of capacity by 2035
Greater volatility, less predictability
More feed-in nodes
Power transmission and distribution
Increasing complexity
Control/ information flow is key value driver
Transmission: Longer distances,higher voltages
Micro-/ Nano-grids
On-and off-grid
Control/ automation on “local” level
Energy storage is key
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Generation at the point of consumption and always available
Microgrid
December 5, 2017 Slide 4
Distributed energy resources and loads that can be operated in a controlled, coordinated way either connected to the main power grid or in “islanded”* mode.
Microgrids are low or medium voltage grids without power transmission capabilities and are typically not geographically spread out.
Microgrid definition
Solar PV power plant
Wind power plant
Remote asset management
and data analytics
Advanced powerdistribution and
protection
Conventional power
Grid connection
Modular scalable energy storage and grid
stabilization
Commercial loads
Industrial loads
Distributed control system Residential
loads
Islanded mode: ability to provide power independently from the main power grid
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Covering a diverse range of applications
Microgrid segments and main drivers
December 5, 2017 Slide 5
Main drivers
Social Economic Environmental Operational
Segments Typical customersAccess to electricity
Fuel & cost savings
Reduce CO2 footprint
Fuel independence
Uninterrupted supply
Island utilities (Local) utility, IPP* ()
Remote communities
(Local) utility, IPP, Governmental development institution, development bank
Industrial and commercial
Mining company, IPP, Oil & Gas company, Datacenter, Hotels & resorts, Food & Beverage
()
DefenseGovernmental defense institution () ()
Urban communities
(Local) utility, IPP ()
Institutions and campuses
Private education institution,IPP, Government education institution
() ()
IPP: Independent Power Producer
Off
-gri
d
We
ak
gri
d
Gri
d-c
on
ne
cte
d
: Main driver
: Secondary driver()
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Generation at the point of consumption and always available
December 5, 2017 Slide 6
Microgrid
Solar PV power plant
Wind power plant
Remote asset management and
data analytics
Advanced powerdistribution and
protection
Conventional power
Grid connection
Commercial loads
Industrial loads
Distributed control system Residential loads
Modular scalable energy storage and grid stabilization
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Energy storage provides multiple benefits for microgrids
December 5, 2017 Slide 7
– Access to electricity
– Maximize reliability
– Uninterrupted supply
– Reduce environmental impact
– Maximize renewable energy contribution
– Fuel & cost savings
– Fuel independence
– Provide grid services
1. Stabilizing
2. Spinning reserve
3. STATCOM (static synchronous compensator)
4. Seamless transition between islanded and grid-connected states
5. Standalone operation
6. Smoothing
7. Shaving
8. Shifting
Operational goals Power system functions – “8S”
Renewablepower
Energy storage and grid stabilization
Microgridcontrol system
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Response times and energy and power requirements
8S applications
December 5, 2017 Slide 8
Application Time frameEnergy requirement
Power requirement
S1 Standalone milliseconds low high
S2 Seamless transition milliseconds/seconds low high
S3 Stabilize (V & f support) seconds low high
S4 Statcom (power quality) seconds zero high
S5 Spinning reserve seconds/minutes medium high
S6 Smoothing minutes medium medium
S7Shaping (Peaklopping/shaving)
minutes/hours medium low
S8 Shifting (load leveling) hours high low
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Grid-connected and off-grid
Application and segment mapping
December 5, 2017 Application enabled through aggregation of distributed assetsSlide 9
ApplicationsLocation in the grid
(does not imply ownership) Market segments
Self-consumption
Backup power
Peak shaving
Time shifting
Arbitrage
Short duration balancing: frequencyregulation
Flexible capacity: spinning / peaking reserve
Integration of renewables: ramp rate control, stability
T&D upgrade deferral (“non-wires alternative”)
Be
hin
d t
he
me
ter
Uti
lity
-sid
e o
f m
ete
r
• Co-located with other generation sources
• Standalone: connected directly to the grid
Re
sid
en
tia
l
Co
mm
erc
ial &
in
du
str
ial
Uti
lity
Off
-gri
d
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Grid-connected applications capture up to 90% of market revenue
Application forecast by segment
December 5, 2017 Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, IHS research, ABB analysisSlide 10
Value spread across segments in both emerging and developed markets
$39 Bn cumulative 2017-25 Main applications Key markets
Utility – Ancillary services– Peaking capacity– RE integration– T&D support and upgrade deferral
USA, AU
Europe (DE, IT, UK)
India
Middle East
C&I – Increasing solar self-consumption
– Backup power– Peak shaving & ToU
charges
USA, AU, India
Europe (DE, IT, UK)
Sub-Saharan Africa
Residential – Increasing solar self-consumption
– Backup power
USA, AU
Europe (DE, IT, UK)
India
Off-grid – Electrification– Backup power– Grid stability
Sub-Saharan Africa
India
South-East Asia
Off-grid
Utility40%
12%
21%
27%
Commercial & Industrial
Residential
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Double-digit volume growth drives cost competitiveness
Long-term growth forecast
December 5, 2017 Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, IHS research, ABB analysisSlide 11
Annual installations, GW Utility-scale deployments dominate in the short term.
– Energy storage becoming increasingly important as network operators seek to integrate rising levels of variable renewable generating capacity
Behind-the-meter gains major traction by 2025 as payback for end-user systems becomes economically attractive.
– PV + storage systems for self consumption, backup power, power quality and peak shaving an attractive value proposition for C&I customers
Village electrification and C&I installations drive growth in off-grid segment
– Delivering reliable, affordable and clean electricity for universal access to power
29% CAGR17-25
Be
hin
d t
he
me
ter
1,3
9,5
Uti
lity
11,9
2024
1,1
21,8
2021
11,9
0,8
4,7
6,4
2020
9,6
0,7
3,8
5,2
2019 2023
17,7
0,9
7,5
9,3
2022
11,2
0,9
5,9
7,8
25,3
12,0O
ff-g
rid
14,6
2025
7,4
0,5
2,8
4,0
2018
5,5
0,4
2,1
2,9
2017
3,7
0,41,4
1,9
2016
2,4
0,30,8
1,3
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Energy storage cost reduction forecast
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, November 2017. Results based on industry survey for utility-scale storage installations using Li-On batteriesDecember 5, 2017 Slide 12
20% cost reduction along value chain in 2017-20
CAPEX for a fully-installed energy storage system (1MW/1MWh)
241 214 193 172 156 142 129 118 109
8074
7164
6057 54 52 50
6865
6359
5755
53 52 50
58
5451
4644
4240
38 36
100
9593
8783
8178
7674
84
7873
6662
5955
5250
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
631
369
20252018
581
2017
544
2019 2024
389
2021
462
Re
al 2
017
$/
KW
h
2020
495
2023
410
2022
435
Average costreduction
p.a. 2017-25
Other indirect costsEnergy management system EPCBalance of systemInverterBattery
-9%
-6%
-4%
-6%
-4%
-6%
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References
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Global references
ABB in microgrid
December 5, 2017 Slide 14
Kodiak Island
Chugach Hybrid Storage
La Gomera Island
Lanzarote Island
Marsabit Wind FarmICRC Logistics
Center
Longmeadow
Mawson Station, AntarcticaRoss Island, Antarctica
Shin Hidaka PV PlantShin Chitose Kashiwadai PV Plant
Cocos (Keeling) Island
Marble Bar
Faial IslandFlores
Island
Alinta Energy
DeGrussa MineLaing O‘Rourke Construction Camp
AusNet Services
Robben IslandGarden Island
WEB Aruba
Vadodara
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ABB in microgrid: selected global references
Chugach, Alaska, US
(Wind, Diesel, Storage, Flywheel)
AusNet Services, AU
(Storage, Diesel, Grid)
Microgrid system consists of:
– Wind (11 x 1.6 MW)
– PowerStore Flywheel (1 x 1 MW)
– PowerStore Battery (1 x 2 MW)
– Diesel (1 x 17.6 MW, 1 x 9 MW, 1 x 3.6 MW, 1 x 0.76 MW)
Customer benefits:
– Reduce wind ramp rate violations
– Reduce Area Control Error (ACE) violations
– Allow for additional wind capacity to be constructed
Microgrid system consists of:
– PowerStore-Battery
– Transformer and diesel generator
– Microgrid Plus Control System
Customer benefits:
– Manage peak demand – Active and reactive power during high demand
– Transition to island operation without supply interruption
– Delay of power line investments
Marble Bar, AU
(Solar, Diesel, Flywheel)
Microgrid system consists of:
– Diesel (4 x 320kW)
– Solar PV plant (1 x 300kW)
– PowerStore-flywheel (1 x 500kW)
– Microgrid Plus System
Customer benefits:
– Reliable and stable power supply
– Minimize diesel consumption and CO2 emissions
– 60% of the day time electricity demand generated by the PV plant
December 5, 2017 Slide 15
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ABB in microgrid: selected Africa references
ICRC, Nairobi, Kenya
(Solar, Diesel, Storage, Grid)
Microgrid system consists of:
– 150 kW/100kWh PowerStore Battery
– Microgrid Plus Control System
– 30 kWp rooftop solar PV plant
– Diesel generators (1 x 150 kVA)
Customer benefits:
– Reliable and stable supply despite outages and power quality issues.
– Seamless transition between grid-connected and islanded mode
– Reduced fuel costs and carbon footprint
Johannesburg, ZA
(Solar, Diesel, Storage, Grid)
Microgrid system consists of:
– 750 kWdc rooftop PV plant
– 1 MVA/380 kWh PowerStore Battery
– Microgrid Plus Control System
Customer benefits:
– Reliable and stable power supply
– Optimized renewable energy contribution to the facility
– Transition to island operation without supply interruption
– CO2 reduction: over 1,000 tons/year
December 5, 2017 Slide 16
Robben Island, ZA
(Solar, Diesel, Storage)
Microgrid system consists of:
– 500 kW / 837 kWh PowerStoreBattery
– Microgrid Plus Control System
– 667 kWp Solar PV plant
– Diesel generators (1 x 500 kVA)
Customer benefits:
– Lower fuel costs and carbon emissions by 75 %
– Wireless network enables remote monitoring from Cape Town and eliminates need to maintain a workforce on the island
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Resilient and cost effective power anywhere, anytime
Energy storage for microgrids
December 5, 2017 Slide 17
Reliable, proven technology
Plug and play
Easy to transport and to install
Scalable and modular
Market enablers
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Energy storage enables reliable and affordable power in cities, industries and remote communities.
Summary
December 5, 2017 Slide 18
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