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Energy Storage for Renewables and Micro-grids May 18, 2017 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN MILITARY ENGINEERS
Dr. Ken Ho NAVFAC EXWC [email protected]
Outline
– Why Energy Storage • Renewable energy • Resiliency and Micro-grids • Value and revenues
– What Technology • NAVFAC EXWC projects
– Policies • Safety • Requirements
– Market • Growth Trends • Cost
3
Problems From High Penetration RE
• Duck curve shows steep ramping needs • Over generation risks • Variability in renewables also cause frequency and voltage fluctuations
Source: CAISO
Leveraging DERs for Microgrids
• Most outages are of shorter duration • Over 50% last under 24hrs.
DoD Definition: a microgrid is an integrated energy system consisting of interconnected loads and energy resources which, as an integrated system, can island from the local utility grid and function as a stand‐alone system
Various Architectures
Micro-grid Challenges: • Safely disconnect and reconnect to the grid • Cost, how to leverage existing generation • Balance load and generation instantaneously • New standards, and how to test • Cybersecurity • Modeling and simulation of controls
Power Grid ATS
5
Value and Revenue Streams
Cost of Storage Value of Storage Battery Peak Shifting Balance of Plant Demand Reduction Power Electronics Voltage & Frequency
Regulation Controls and Switch (microgrid)
Inertia Support
Design and Construction Power Quality & Reliability T&D Upgrade Deferral Energy resiliency
Application
• Eliminates need for load dump on SNI. • Increase life of diesel generators and reduces fuel
consumption.
Benefits: allow for higher renewable penetration, and reduces fuel consumption and stress on diesel generators.
FUNDING Source: OPNAV NSETTI
Li-ion Firming Renewable Generation
6
Overview: Newly commissioned 700kW wind farm on SNI. Efficiency improvements have reduced load and legacy diesel generators are oversized. 750kWh Li-ion battery system to be installed to firm wind generation and improve resiliency. Highlights: • Received NAVSEAInst 9310 safety certification • Li-ion batteries in 20ft ISO containers • Integrate battery into plant micro-grid controller • Study to determine optimum use of battery storage
7
Li-ion Transportable Microgrid
No Light…. No Fight!
Overview: demonstrate an innovative transportable microgrid with energy storage to improve energy security. Highlights: • Li-ion Battery 500kW/2MWh • NMC Li-Ion 18650 • 200 KVA synchronous condenser for rotational
inertia (compatible with wide range of power characteristics)
• microgrid controller and protection relays
Application
• Demonstrate standard micro-grid design that can be transported to other locations as needed
• Testing at EXWC • Relocate to Pearl Harbor, application TBD
Benefits: increase energy security and resilience, allow for higher renewable penetration, and demonstrate standardized micro-grid design.
FUNDING Source: ESTCP and ONR ESTEP
1 of 2 Tesla 250kW- 1MWh TMES
Vehicle to Grid Energy Storage
Description Leverage V2G capability as portable energy storage for facilities projects • 60kW DC fast charger and vehicle uses SAE J1776
charging standard. • Leverages 100kWh of Li-ion battery storage on EV
for energy security and VAR compensation • Network capable for aggregated power management
across a base.
FUNDING: ONR ESTEP
2
Description Leverage Modular Mobile Micro-grid developed for TARDEC • Mobile microgrid enabled using an EV • Provides emergency backup power to a building • integrating energy storage, Photovoltaic(PV),
gensets, and Electric Vehicle FUNDING: ONR ESTEP
Building Level Micro-grids
DC Micro-grid Create a DC Microgrid with LED Lighting • Multi-port converter enables simple, low cost, turnkey
micro-grid. • 30kW/30kWh Li-ion, 15kW PV • DC micro-grid with 380VDC bus • Demonstration Q1FY17 Funding: ONR ESTEP
Building UPS with integrated PV • Provide UPS for flight operations center at Miramar • Utilizes single multiport inverter • Line interactive UPS • 175kW, 200kWh Li-ion, 30kW PV
TEAM: EXWC, MCAS Miramar Funding: TBD NAVFAC Energy Support Budget
2
AC DC
Grid Source
Load
Fast transfer switch
PV
Fuel Cell Energy Storage System
Waste to Hydrogen Develop H2 generation add-on to existing PEM system. Provide test data for permitting and economic case analysis
• Plasma Enhance Melter and Gasifier • Permit as a Hydrogen Generator not waste incinerator • Shipyard solvents, oil, PCB, and plastic waste • Funding sought to install small 1 ton/day system FY18 • Waste remediation and energy storage using renewable
sources
Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Develop a modular, grid tied, reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) system for Naval Forward Operating Bases (FOB)
• Demonstrate the reversible capabilities of the fuel cell to produce and utilize Hydrogen gas from seawater and provide electricity.
• Design/Build a 50kW RSOFC, scalable up to 400kW
• First field siting/demonstration will be considered at: Hawaii, PMRF, or Guam
2
Large scale Energy Storage
Valuation and Financing Models
• JBPH needs base wide backup power • EXWC studying how to value Energy security
• GOAL: – Develop Tie LAES with peaker plant on JBPH – Work with REPO to finance Peaker plant + LAES for
JBPHH – Modify eROI tool to include clear method for valuing energy
security
TEAM: EXWC, Pearl Harbor, CNIC
Liquid Air Energy Storage Large scale mechanical energy storage using cryogenic liquid air, and turbo expanders for power generation.
• Engineering Design and Cost estimate study completed
• scalable, long life, independent of location, and safe
• 10MW/80MWh design and siting for JBPHH
• ~55% RTE, ~70% RTE with waste heat Funding: ONR ESTEP
2
Waste Heat LAES
! Policy Drivers • SECNAVInst 4101.3A:
• Operational Energy use renewable to reduce logistics • Increase resiliency to mitigate vulnerabilities • Strategic Partnerships, collaborate with federal, state, and academia
on energy matters of interest to DON • CA SB 350 50% renewable by 2030 • CA SGIP 50% rebate on energy storage • Hawaii Act 97, renewable portfolio 100% by 2045
! Regulations and criteria • NAVSEAInst 9310 (Navy Li-ion safety program) • NPFA 855 (new fire protection guidance being drafted) • Cybersecurity RMF (DoD IA certification) • UFC 4-010-06 Cybersecurity of Facility Related Control Systems • CA rule 21
Policies and Regulations
Renewable Electricity Standards by State
33% by 2020
15% by 2025
25% by 2025
16% by 2020
10GW by 2025
50% by 2025
30% by 2020
20% by 2020
15% by 2021
20% by 2025
15% by 2020
15% by 2015 27%
by 2025
20% by 2025
10% by 2015
10% by 2015
18.4% as of 2013
27% as of 2013
10% by 2015
25% by 2025
15% by 2021
12.5% by 2026
DSIRE®
40% by 2017
12.5% by 2021
50% by 2030
18% by 2021
10% by 2025
VT:20% by 2017
10% by 2020
NH: 24.8% by 2025
CT: 27% by 2020
MA: 17% by 2020
RI: 38.5% by 2035
NJ: 22.5% by 2020
MD: 25% by 2020
DE: 25% by 2025
DC: 50% by 2032
NMI: 20% x 2016PR: 20% x 2035
Guam: 25% by 2035 USVI: 30% x 2025
100% by 2045
Solar and Wind prices are competitive
International Energy Agency
Country Utility Solar Wind
United States 6.5-7/kWh 4.7
Canada 6.6
China 8-9.1
Germany 9.5 6.7-10
Brazil 8.1 4.9
Chile 8.5-8.9
Uruguay 9
Egypt 4.1-5
Turkey 7.3
UAE 5.8
India 8.8-11.6
Jordan 6.1-7.7
Australia 6.9
South Africa 6.5 5.1
Contract prices for renewable power 2015-19
NREL
New Investment in Renewable Energy
Global Investment in Renewable Energy $286B > Global Investment in fossil fuel $130B
$44 $103
$4
$22 $8.5
$36
$4.5 $3.4
$7
$10
Data source: UN environment Programme
Exponential Growth
• Battery Cost: – $300/kWh 2017, $1000/kWh in 2010 – $120 per kWh by 2030
• Solar Panel Cost
US Solar capacity
US Wind capacity
NREL
http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html
Conclusion
• Navy fleet energy requirements will grow by 29 percent at sea, 15 percent in the air, and 11 percent on the ground over the next decade
• Start incorporating energy considerations into war games and exercises
• Change the perception of energy as a utility to acknowledging its role as a mission enabler
• Renewable prices are now competitive with fossil fuel • Exponential growth in PV, wind and storage • Renewables and micro-grids will power next “Enernet” of the
future