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Energy Storage Opportunities and Lessons Learnt

for Energy Storage Technologies (Part II)Mkhulu K Mathe, PhD

Energy Materials

CSIR, Pretoria

Outline

• Global Energy Storage plus R&D spending

• African opportunity

• Energy storage technologies

• Storage development in South Africa

• Energy Systems Integration

• Potential “game-changing” technologies

• Summary

• references

U.S.-South Africa Workshop on Energy Storage Standards, Conformance and Technology

February 21, 2019

Hilton Sandton Hotel, South Africa

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Strategic pillars

Strategic objectives

Vision

and

Mission

Mandate

Scientific

Research

Council Act 46

of 1988,

Research, develop, localise and diffuse transformative technologies

Contribute to re-industrialisation

Diversify income, maintain financial sustainability and good governance

Build and leverage human capital and infrastructure

Support the development of a capable state

Strategic clusters

Enabling capabilities

Priority sectors Priority technologies

Industry competitiveness R&D opportunities

Advanced Agri & Food

Future Production

SMART Logistics

SMART Places

NextGen Health

Defence & Security

NextGen Enterprises & Institutions

Industry advancement clusters

Industry &society enabling clusters

Chemicals

Manufacturing

Mining

4IR Capability embedded in all clusters

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Contract income: R1 771 m

Royalty and licence income: R4.61 m

*SET base: 1 850

Black South Africans: 1 139 (59%)

Female South Africans: 674 (35%)

The CSIR at a glance

The CSIR is a science council, classified as a national government business enterprise.

Total staff base: 2 619

Staff with PhDs: 348

Staff with M-qualifications: 631

Pipeline development: 725

Total income: R2 506 m

IN NUMBERS:

New technology demonstrators: 60New patents: 19Publication equivalents: 546

Journal articles: 317

year

s

74

Cape Town StellenboschPort Elizabeth

Durban

JohannesburgPretoria

1945 - 2019

Total investment in

HCD:+ R150 m

*Science, engineering and technology

Figures as at 31 March 2018

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ANGOLA:

• Disaster fire monitoring

ZAMBIA:

• Botanical remedy against HIV

BOTSWANA:

• Indigenous food products;

frequency spectrum

management

TANZANIA:

• Transport research

AUSTRALIA:

• Climate change

modelling

• Coal dust explosions

• Strategic

environmental

assessment of shale

gas in the Karoo

CHINA:

• Sustainable water

use

• Test, evaluation,

modelling and

simulation systems

for defence R&D

institutes

SWEDEN:

• Synthetic biology

GERMANY:

• Wind and solar energy

• Biopharming

FRANCE:

• Climate change

MEXICO: Testing of

road materials

through heavy vehicle

simulation

COSTA RICA:

Testing of road

materials through

heavy vehicle

simulation

USA:

• Transport research

• High-throughput

proteomics; cancer

research

• Biopharming

• Monitoring of dust

exposure

CSIR international collaborations

SAUDI ARABIA:

• Established programme

with KACST to enhance

research capabilities in

radar and electronics

• Collaborate on aeronautics

and optronics

• Testing of road materials

through heavy vehicle

simulation

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Global R&D spending meets Africa electrification

R&D Magazine WINTER 2016

Rural Access to Electricity in Africa (2013)

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Yet Africa has the lowest energy access rates!

A massive opportunity……

“electrification efforts do not keep pace with population growth in sub-Saharan

Africa, and those without electricity become increasingly concentrated in that region.

By 2030, 600 million out of the 674 million people without access to electricity live in sub-

Saharan Africa, a majority of them in rural areas”

Sources: NASA; IEA Energy Access Outlook 2017

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Mechanical

Pumped Hydro

Compressed Air

Flywheel

Electro-chemical

Li-ion Battery

Flow Battery

NaS Battery

Lead Acid

Electrical

Capacitor

Super-capacitor

SMES

Chemical

Hydrogen

Methanol

Synthetic Natural Gas

Thermal

Sensible Heat

Latent Heat

Thermochemical

Based on IDC Energy Storage Study Recommendations and CSIR Analysis

Power-to-Power

Power-to-Gas/Liquids

Power-to-Heat

Mature

Commercial

Demo

R&D

Illustrative only: many more technologies

Many forms of energy storage

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View on storage development in South Africa

Short Term Medium Term Long Term

Laboratory Scale material development

Pilot Scale R&D

Production Export

Li-ion Battery Manuf.

Electric Vehicle Manuf. In SA

Smart Geyser Control

Quantify Demand

Pilot TES plants System Integration & coupling

Electrify Heat Supply

Waste Heat Recovery

Thermal storage material dev.

Export H2 and methanol

Industrial chemicals (ammonia)

Electrolyser, Fuel Cell Development

Storage and transport development

High temperature electrolysis

Pilot scale R&D

System Integration & coupling

Smart charging infrastructure EVs

System integration and coupling

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CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES :

Coal research

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES :

Fuel cells,

Li/Na ion batteries,

Supercapacitors

HYDROGEN SOUTH AFRICA (HySA):

Hydrogen storage

Energy Materials Competence Area

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Reducing investment risk and optimizing systems in a rapidly changing energy

world

• New energy technologies and services

• Increasing penetration of variable RE in grid

• New communications and control models

• Electrification of transportation

• Integrating energy storage

• Increasing system flexibility

• Understanding interactions between electricity/thermal/fuels

Current Energy

Systems

Why Energy Systems Integration?

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

Future Energy Systems

Source: NREL

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4th Industrial RevolutionEnergy storage to play a critical role in the complex future power system

Today’s power system

• Centralised generation

• One direction power flows

• Controllable generation

Future power system

• Distributed variable generation

• Bi-directional power flows

• Smart grids

• Variable generation

• Bulk energy storage, distributed

storage and customer cited storage

Source: EPRI

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Potential “game-changing” technologies

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Summary

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• Global energy storage operational capacity set for future rapid growth

• Africa energy access…A massive opportunity

• Breakthroughs to next-generation energy storage technologies are within

reach

• Energy storage understanding is important for market links to materials

beneficiation in Future Energy Systems

• Li-ion cathode advances are geared to creation of a new battery industry

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References

1. Energy Storage Technology Overview Dr. Rahul Walawalkar, VP, Emerging Tech & Markets, Customized Energy Solutions

2. Energy Storage – from materials to systems, Mkhulu Mathe @2018 NMU Conference

3. New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future, George Crabtree & Marc Kastner.

Besac_27_feb_09_crabtree_new_science

4. “USING NER 300 and THE ENERGY RECOVERY PLAN TO RENEW THE ENERGY SECTOR” 20131127ATT75011EN,

Bernard Delpech, EASE President, Deputy Executive Vice-President of EDF R&D

5. Delloite, Energy Storage: Tracking the technologies that will transform the power sector

6. Sensible – DELIVERABLE, Overview of storage technologies, AS. Munoz, M. Garcia and M. Gerlich, 2016

7. Large scale energy storage, D. Mooney, NREL GCEP Tutorials, 2015

8. Grid Energy Storage, US Department of Energy, December 2013

9. Energy Storage in Grids with High Penetration of Variable Generation, P. Jain, Asian Development Bank, Feb 2017

10. Energy Storage for the Grid, Policy Options for Sustaining Innovation, D. Hart, W. Bonvillian and N Austin, MIT Initiative,

April 2018

11. Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices, B. Dunn, H. Kamath and J-M. Tarascon, Science 224, 928,

2011

12. Li-ion battery materials: present and future, N. Nitta, et.al, Materials Today, 13, 5, June 2015

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Thank you