energy supply with negative carbon...

Energy Supply with NegativeCarbon Emissions

Friday, June 15, 2012StaNFord UNIvErSIty

Jen-Hsun Huang Engineering Center, Mackenzie room8:30 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.

Sally BensonDirector, Global Climate and Energy Project

Professor (Research) of Energy Resources EngineeringStanford University

Chris FieldDirector, Carnegie Institution’s Department of Global Ecology

Professor of Biology and of Environmental Earth System ScienceStanford University

Energy Supply with Negative Carbon Emissions

Energy Supply with Negative Carbon EmissionsFriday, June 15, 2012 • Stanford University

8:00 CONTINENTAL BREAKFAST

Introduction Chair: Sally Benson

8:30 GCEP Welcome and Workshop Objectives Jennifer Milne, Stanford University

8:40 Overview Talk Chris Field, Carnegie Institution for Science

Biomass Energy with Negative Emissions Chair: Chris Field

9:00 The Current Status of BECCS Henrik Karlsson, Biorecro

9:25 Historical Environmental Budget of Bioethanol in Brazil and Future Expectations Jose R. Moreira, University of Sao Paulo

9:50 The Global Potential for Biomass Energy and CCS Joris Koornneef, Ecofys

10:15-10:30 BREAK

10:30 Managing Bioenergy Agro-Ecosystems for Negative Carbon Emissions

Sarah Davis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

10:55 Integrating Bioenergy into the Global Forest and Forest Products Markets William Stewart, UC Berkeley

Carbon Capture, Conversion and Storage Chair: a.J. Simon

11:20 Carbon-negative CO2 Management Options Larry Baxter, Brigham Young University

11:45 The Role of Biochar in a Negative Emissions Portfolio Dominic Woolf, Cornell University

12:10-1:15 LUNCH - Y2E2, 2nd Floor Terrace

1:15 Direct Capture of CO2 from Air David Keith, Harvard University

1:40 Scalability of CCS Technologies Sally Benson, Stanford University

addressing other Contributions to Carbon Emissions Chair: Sally Benson

2:05 Quantifying the Impact of CH4 Emissions from Unconventional Well Completions in the U.S. Taku Ide, Koveva

2:30 Wetland Restoration and Management for Negative Carbon Emissions Lisamarie Windham-Myers, USGS

2:55-3:10 BREAK

System Modeling Chair: Chris Field

3:10Modeling and Potential of Negative Emissions Technologies, including Biomass-Enhanced CCS (BECCS)

Paul Fennell, Imperial College London

3:35 Can Low Stabilization Levels be Achieved Without Bioenergy with CO2 Capture and Storage?

Jae Edmonds, Joint Global Change Research Institute, PNNL and University of Maryland

4:00 Policy Needs for BECCS: A Cost-Effective Analysis Olivia Ricci, Université d'Orléans

4:25 Breakout Session and Refreshments

5:25-6:00 Feedback from Breakout Session and Close

Friday, June 15, 2012 • Stanford University

Larry BaxterBaxter has been involved in biomass research for more than 25 years, with particular emphasis on thermal biomass processing (combustion, gasification, etc.). He joined the chemical engineering faculty at Brigham Young University (BYU) in late 2000, having worked for 14 years at Sandia National Laboratories’ Combustion Research Facility. He is the founder of Sustainable Energy Solutions (SES), a company that focuses on commercialization of a disruptive carbon capture technology process. His work at SES and BYU emphasized practical and economic solutions to regional and global energy and environmental issues.

Sally BensonBenson is the director of Stanford University’s Global Climate and Energy Project, and a professor (research) of energy resources engineering at Stanford. A groundwater hydrologist and reservoir engineer, her current work focuses on carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) in deep underground geological formations. She was a coordinating lead author on the 2005 IPCC Special Report on CCS. Benson received a Ph.D. from the University of California-Berkeley’s Material Science and Mineral Engineering Department. Prior to joining Stanford, she worked at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, serving in a number of capacities, including deputy director for operations. She currently serves on the board of directors of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Climate Central.

Sara davisDavis is a bioenergy feedstocks analyst in the Energy Biosciences Institute and an adjunct assistant professor of plant biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Her research focuses on synthesizing physiological and biogeochemical responses of ecosystems to different management practices by combining empirical data with process modeling. Davis has conducted regional analyses of carbon and nitrogen cycling in temperate forests and agro-ecosystems in order to assess the potential of different land use practices to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases. She currently investigates the potential for sustainable development of biofuel crop alternatives, including mixed tallgrass prairie communities and woody feedstocks.

Jae EdmondsEdmonds is chief scientist and Battelle Fellow at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s Joint Global Change Research Institute, a collaboration with the University of Maryland-College Park. His principal research focus is on the role of energy technology in addressing climate change. Edmonds is a pioneer in the field of integrated assessment modeling of climate change. His work on global energy, technology, economy and climate change spans three decades. He has participated in all of the major assessments of the IPCC and presently serves as a lead author of Working Group III.

Paul FennellFennell is senior lecturer in chemical engineering and director of the Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage at Imperial College. His research encompasses all areas of carbon capture and storage (CCS), with a particular focus on industrial emissions. Fennell has written reports for the U.K. Department for Energy and Climate Change on future technologies for CCS and carbon capture readiness. He is a member of the E.U. Zero Emissions Platform industrial taskforce and the U.K. research area champion for industrial (i.e. non-power) CCS.


Chris FieldField is the founding director of the Carnegie Institution’s Department of Global Ecology; and professor of biology and of environmental Earth system science at Stanford University. Field’s research emphasizes impacts of climate change, from the molecular to the global scale, and includes long-term experiments on responses of California grassland to multi-factor global change. In 2008, he was elected co-chair of Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which recently produced a special report on climate change adaptation. Field is a recipient of a Heinz Award and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

taku IdeIde obtained a B.S. in chemical engineering from Stanford University and completed his M.S. and Ph.D. under the guidance of Professor Lynn Orr in Stanford’s Department of Energy Resources Engineering. In 2011, Ide launched Koveva, an energy venture that advises on energy portfolio strategies for a California hedge fund. Koveva also works closely with the state of Colorado to evaluate and engineer solutions for underground coal fires, methane leaks from natural gas wells and other phenomena, with the goal of minimizing the environmental footprint of oil and gas operators in the area.

Henrik KarlssonKarlsson is co-founder, president and CEO of Biorecro, a Swedish startup developing and deploying bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) systems through sales of voluntary carbon credits. He has provided expertise on BECCS to the U.N. Industrial Development Organization, the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme and the Swedish Ministry of Finance. Karlsson has been a guest lecturer at several universities and was the lead author of “Global Status of BECCS Projects 2010,” the first overview of global BECCS deployment.

david KeithKeith is the Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics and professor of public policy at Harvard University. He has worked near the interface of climate science, energy technology and public policy for two decades. Named one of Time magazine’s Heroes of the Environment in 2009, Keith divides his time between Boston and Calgary, where he serves as President of Carbon Engineering, a startup company developing industrial-scale technologies for capture of CO2 from ambient air.

Joris KoornneefKoornneef is a consultant at Ecofys, a consultancy company that specializes in climate protection, energy saving and energy solutions. His work focuses on the implementation and environmental impacts of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Koornneef is a member of the (European) ZEP/EBTP Bio-CCS Joint Task Force, which aims to accelerate synergies between advanced CCS and bioenergy/biofuels production technologies. He received a Ph.D. on the health, safety and environmental impacts of CCS from Utrecht University.


Jose roberto MoreiraMoreira is a professor of energy at the University of Sao Paulo. He has authored many books and papers on nuclear physics, energy conservation and planning, and the environment. Moreira has served as a lead author and a convening lead author on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. He was secretary of energy of the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy (1985-86); executive director of the Biomass Users Network of Brazil (1992-97); and director of NEGAWATT, a private engineering company. He currently provides consulting technical services for the company MGM Innova on projects involving carbon credits.

olivia ricciRicci is an assistant lecturer and research fellow at the University of Orléans in France. Her research focuses on climatic change, carbon capture and storage (CCS), biomass and biofuels, cost-benefit analysis, environmental policy evaluation, and bottom-up energy and general equilibrium models. Ricci organized the first International Workshop on Biomass & CCS in France in 2010, and co-organized the second international workshop in Wales in 2011.

William StewartStewart is a cooperative extension forestry specialist and the director of the Center for Forestry at the University of California-Berkeley. His areas of research include the linkages between managed forests and climate change, fire-adapted forest management in the Western United States, and succession planning with family forest owners. Stewart has an M.S. and Ph.D. in forest economics and policy from UC-Berkeley, and a B.S. in environmental Earth sciences from Stanford University.

Lisamarie Windham-MyersWindham-Myers is a wetland ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. Broadly trained in ecosystem ecology, her research focuses on plant physiology and its influence on carbon, nutrient and trace-metal biogeochemistry. Her approach spans landscape-to-molecular scales, as necessary, to understand how human and stochastic alterations of wetland structure influence wetland function. Her current projects include greenhouse gas flux accounting for restored peat-building wetlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; seasonal patterns of microbial carbon use in California’s Central Valley rice fields; and protected and urban wetlands along the New York-New Jersey coast, Louisiana bayous and Isla de Chiloe, Chile.

Dominic WoolfWoolf is a postdoctoral research associate at Cornell University’s College of Agriculture and Life Science. His current research includes modeling and multi-objective optimization of biomass-pyrolysis systems for co-production of biochar soil amendment with liquid transport fuel; modeling black carbon impacts on soil-carbon turnover; and sustainability modeling of biochar-bioenergy systems – including climatic, economic, hydrological and land use impacts. Woolf has more than a decade of experience in the energy-efficiency industry R&D, including work on solid oxide fuel cells, absorption heat pumps and micro-cogeneration. He received a Ph.D. from Swansea University in 2012.


Questions for Breakout Sessions

BECCS ScenariosSession A, The Mackenzie RoomSpeakers in Session A: Henrik Karlsson, Jose Moreira, Sarah Davis and Olivia RicciSession A or C: William Stewart and Joris Koornneef

1) What are the most feasible scenarios for BECCS to reach negative emissions?i) What are the most effective and sustainable short-, medium-and long-term deployment strategies?

How do they correlate?ii) How does early deployment affect long-term deployment, in relation to scale-up feasibility, learning

versus lock-in, deployment and technology pathways?

2) What are the limiting factors for reaching large-scale negative emissions using BECCS?i) How does biomass supply affect the amount of negative emissions attainable using BECCS? What

other factors need to be taken into consideration?ii) What is the potential net reduction in carbon emissions using current biomass supply, considering

all other factors, such as conversion technologies, storage and scale-up capacities? What is the potential with future biomass supply in 2020, 2050 and 2100?

iii) What are the alternatives to conventional CCS for carbon removal from the biomass energy sector?

3) How does large-scale BECCS deployment affect biomass cultivation practices and use? What feedback between BECCS and underlying biomass use can be foreseen, in relation to sustainability criteria, land use impacts and primary energy use?

4) Where can the most gains be made with breakthroughs in fundamental research?

Conversion and Storage technologiesSession B, The Mackenzie RoomSpeakers in Session B: Larry Baxter, Paul Fennell and Sally Benson

1) What conversion and storage technologies offer the most promise for deployment on a global scale for negative emissions, and how can they be integrated into energy systems?

2) What are the major limiting factors for biomass energy conversion and storage in relation to conversion and storage technologies and the cost of these?

i) What is the potential storage capacity globally for GHG’s from biomass energy conversion?ii) What method/s of conversion and storage are most efficient and cost effective, and can these be

deployed on a global scale?iii) How can costs of conversion and storage be reduced?

3) How could negative emission pathways be integrated into current emission reduction technology systems, such as the fossil fuel with CCS systems? How do negative emission pathways affect and interplay with storage technologies for fossil fuel CCS systems in terms of co-location, scalability and pipeline strategies?

4) What advances in research are needed, and how could these be applied to reduce emissions?


Strategies for Achieving Negative Carbon Emissions

Session C, Conference Room 305Speakers in Session C: Chris Field, Jae Edmonds, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Taku Ide, Dominic Woolf and David Keith (by video)Session A or C: William Stewart and Joris Koornneef

1) What are the most promising strategies and technologies to reduce carbon emissions and reach net negative emissions in our industrial systems and ecosystems?

2) What are the potential impacts (on land use, GHG emissions, energy and water use) of achieving negative emissions in energy supply?

3) How do BECCS, other biomass and conversion technologies, and direct air capture technologies interplay in long-term strategies for negative carbon emissions? What is the role for each technology in different strategies? What would be the most promising strategies for negative emissions when taking all these technologies into account?

4) What research is needed to determine and implement strategies to reach negative emissions?

Notes:


Global Climate and Energy ProjectThe Jerry Yang & Akiko Yamazaki Environment & Energy Building

Mail Code 4240 473 Via Ortega, Suite 324

Stanford, CA 94305http://gcep.stanford.edu

The Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) at Stanford University seeks new solutions to one of the grand challenges of this century: supplying energy to meet the changing needs of a growing world population in a way that protects the environment.GCEP’s mission is to conduct fundamental research on technologies that will foster the development of global energy systems with significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions.The GCEP sponsors include private companies with experience and expertise in key energy sectors. In December 2002, four sponsors—ExxonMobil, GE, Schlumberger, and Toyota—helped launch GCEP at Stanford University with plans to invest $225 million over a decade or more. These four global companies have collectively committed over $150 million towards GCEP so far. In September 2011, DuPont joined the Project as its newest corporate sponsor.GCEP develops and manages a portfolio of innovative energy research programs that could lead to technologies that are efficient, environmentally benign and cost-effective when deployed on a large scale. The Project currently supports a number of exciting research programs across disciplines on the Stanford campus and is collaborating with leading institutions around the world.

energy supply with negative carbon...

Documents