FİZ 465 ENERGY

Lecture One • Concept of work, energy, power,

• Units,

• Usable energy sources: coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear,

hydraulics

What is ENERGY?

Webster’s Dictionary:

"capacity for performing work "

High school physics text:

"the capacity to do work "

What is ENERGY?

Engineering thermodynamics text :

"the something that is transferred

to or from a system:

"

When heat is add to or removed from system

when work is done

on or by the system,

when heat is added

to or removed from

the system

FORMS OF ENERGY Kinetic

Potential,

Mechanical, the sum of kinetic and potential energies

Chemical

Electric

Magnetic

Radiant, that of electromagnetic radiation including light

Nuclear, that of binding nucleons to form the atomic nucleus

Elastic

Sound

Gravitational

Thermal

Intrinsic, the rest energy equivalent to an object's rest mass

FORMS OF ENERGY • Energy is found in different forms, such as light,

heat, sound and motion.

• There are many forms of energy, but they can all be put into two categories: kinetic and potential.

KİNETİC ENERGY

Kinetic energy is motion––of waves,

electrons, atoms, molecules, substances,

and objects.

POTIENTAL ENERGY

Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position––gravitational energy.

ENERGY UNITS

ENERGY UNITS

ENERGY UNITS

ENERGY UNITS

ENERGY UNITS

ENERGY UNITS

ENERGY UNITS

ENERGY UNITS

Because energy is defined via work, the SI unit

for energy is the same as the unit of work –

the JOULE (J)

ENERGY UNITS

Electron Volt (eV)

An energy unit that is used in atomic physics,

particle physics and high energy physics.

1eV =1.60217×10-19 J

Tone of oil equivallent (TOE)

An energy unit that is used In discussions of

energy production and consumption

In Turkey, TEP- ton eşdeğer petrol

ENERGY UNITS

Kilowatt-hour (kWh)

The energy unit that is used for electricity

particularly for utility bills

1kWh =3.6×106 J

ENERGY UNITS

Therms

Natural gas in the US is sold in Therms.

In the rest of the world, natural gas is sold in

gigajoule.

1Terms =105.5×106 J

Calorie

The calorie equals the amount of thermal energy

necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of

water by 1 Celsius degree, at a pressure of 1 atm.

1calorie = 4.184 J

TYPES OF ENERGY

Mechanical,

Electromagnetic,

Electrical,

Chemical

Thermal

What is Mechanical Energy?

Energy due to a object’s motion (kinetic) or

position (potential)

Electrical Energy is the movement of electrical charges.

Everything is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are

made of even smaller particles called electrons, protons, and

neutrons. Applying a force can make some of the electrons

move. Electrical charges moving through a wire is called

electricity. Lightning is another example of electrical energy.

Radiant Energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in

transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light, x-rays,

gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of radiant

energy. Solar energy is an example of radiant energy.

Thermal Energy, or heat, is the internal energy in substances––

the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within

substances. Geothermal energy is an example of thermal energy.

FORMS OF ENERGY

.

FORMS OF ENERGY

Motion Energy is the movement of objects and

substances from one place to another. Objects and

substances move when a force is applied according

to Newton’s Laws of Motion. Wind is an example of

motion energy.

Sound is the movement of energy through

substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction)

waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an

object or substance to vibrate––the energy is

transferred through the substance in a wave.

FORMS OF ENERGY

Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of

atoms and molecules. It is the energy that holds these

particles together. Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and

propane are examples of stored chemical energy.

Stored Mechanical Energy is energy stored in objects

by the application of a force. Compressed springs and

retched rubber bands are examples of stored mechanical

energy.

FORMS OF ENERGY Nuclear Energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an

atom––the energy that holds the nucleus together. The

energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or

split apart. Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of

uranium atoms in a process called fission. The sun

combines the nuclei of hydrogen atoms in a process

called fusion.

Gravitational Energy is the energy of position or

place. A rock resting at the top of a hill contains

gravitational potential energy. Hydropower, such as

water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an example of

gravitational potential energy.

What is Electromagnetic Energy?

Light energy

Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays,

ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays,

microwave and radio bands

What types of energy are shown below?

Mechanical and Thermal Energy

(Don’t forget friction)

What types of energy are shown below?

Electrical, Mechanical and

Electromagnetic Energy

What types of energy are shown below?

Chemical Energy (yummy)

Draw a flow map showing the flow of

energy transformations in a car from

starting vehicle to driving. You should

have 5 different types of energy.