energy the carbon imperative - shorter version revised 3-17-11
TRANSCRIPT
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Energy in Green Building:The Carbon Imperative and
the Ruby Slippers
Dr. Alexandra “Sascha” von MeierProfessor, Dept. of Environmental Studies & Planning
Sonoma State Universitywww.sonoma.edu/ensp
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CO2 emissions≈ 7 GtC/y
Natural carbon cycle≈ 50 GtC/y
1 GtC/y = 1 billion tons of carbon per year, which may be bound in CO2 or other compounds
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CO2 emissions≈ 7 GtC/y
CO2 removal from atmosphere ≈ 3 GtC/y
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Car
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Burning fossil fuel means combustion of hydrocarbons:
CXHY + O2 → CO2 + H2Ohydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
where the proportions of CO2 and H2O depend on X and Y
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GISS analysis of global surface temperature; 2008 point is 11-month mean.
Source: Jim Hansen, 2008
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Five Stages of Receiving Catastrophic News
DenialAnger BargainingDepressionAcceptance
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Source: Arctic Council and International Arctic Science Committee, www.acia.uaf.edu
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California’s Big Step Forward:Assembly Bill 32
2050 Target (EO 03-05)
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2008 Estimate
2020 Goal under AB32
2050 GoalExecutive order
HistoricalEmissionsInventory
Electricity
Transportation
Industry
Slide:Snuller Price
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American Heritage Dictionary, 10th ed.
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Physical Meaning of Energy:
Energy = the ability to do work
Force
distance
Work = Force · distance
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Energy = the ability to do work
Potential energy = mgh(mass, gravitational acceleration, height)
Kinetic energy = ½ mv2
(mass, velocity)
velocity
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Examples of Energy
Natural gas in the pipeline (chemical)
Gas flame on my kitchen stove (chemical to thermal)
Hot water in the kettle (thermal)
Electricity in the wall outlet (electrical)
Spinning blade of the coffee grinder (mechanical kinetic)
Pancakes & maple syrup (chemical)
Vase sitting on top shelf (mechanical potential)
Vase falling down to floor (mechanical kinetic)
Radioactivity (nuclear to radiant)
Sunshine (radiant to thermal)
Wind (mechanical kinetic)
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Matter and Energy Resources
“High Quality” means
concentrated
pure
easy to use
in an orderly state
“Low Quality” means
dispersed
impure
more difficult to use
disordered
High quality energy:
mechanical, electrical, radiant
Medium quality energy:
nuclear, chemical
Low quality energy:
thermal (heat)
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2nd Law requires:Some of the chemical fuel energy will be degraded into heat.The amount of mechanical work or electricity produced will be less than the fuel input.
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Basic lesson:
Use energy sources matched in quality with end use needs.