ENG 101 SP15

Peer Review Essay #4 Argument Analysis

Parallelism

Other Punctuation

WHAT IS PARALLELISM?

Using the same pattern of words to show that two

or more ideas have the same importance

Patterns fall into four areas:

Words and phrases

Forms

Clauses

Lists

PARALLELISM – WORDS & PHRASES

Do not mix patterns with the –ing form (gerund)

of words:

I like playing baseball, reading about sports, and

tacos.

I like playing baseball, reading about sports, and

eating tacos.

PARALLELISM – WORDS & PHRASES

Do not mix patterns of infinitive phrases.

Mary likes to shop, to read, and jogging..

Mary like to shop, to read, and to jog.

PARALLELISM – WORDS & PHRASES

Balance parallel ideas presented as pairs Either…or neither…nor

not only…but also both…and whether…or

The teacher not only wants his students to keep quiet but also to do the task.

The teacher wants his students not only to keep quiet but also to do the task.

Thomas Edison was not only a prolific inventor but also was a successful entrepreneur.

Omit was

PARALLELISM – FORMS

Do not mix forms.

The teacher said that he was a poor student

because he waited until the last minute to

study for the exam, completed his lab problems

in a careless manner, and his motivation was

low.

The teacher said that he was a poor student

because he waited until the last minute to

study for the exam, completed his lab problems

in a careless manner, and lacked motivation.

PARALLELISM – CLAUSES A parallel structure that begins with clauses must

continue using clauses.

The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that questions would be asked by prospective buyers.

The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that prospective buyers would ask him questions.

PARALLELISM – CLAUSES Repeat function words to clarify parallels

By, to, that, because

Our study revealed that left-handed students were more likely to have trouble with classroom desks and rearranging desks for exam periods was useful.

Our study revealed that left-handed students were more likely to have trouble with classroom desks and that rearranging desks for exam periods was useful.

PARALLELISM – LISTS

Be sure to keep al the elements in a list in the same form.

The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs.

The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs.

OTHER PUNCTUATION

PARENTHESIS

DO NOT OVERUSE!!!

Use to enclose supplemental material, minor

digressions, and afterthoughts

Some of my cousins (Bill, Wesley, David, Hartley,

Melissa, and Kacey) were at my party.

Use to enclose letters or numbers labeling

items in a series

Regulations stipulated that only the following

equipment could be used on the survival mission:

(1) knife, (2) thirty feet of parachute line, (3) a

book of matches, and (4) two ponchos.

DASH

Use to set off parenthetical material that deserves emphasis

My grandmother bought me a puppy – an adorable little bulldog – for my birthday!

Use to set off appositives that contain commas

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames a nearby noun. They are usually set off with commas, but when the appositive itself contains commas, a pair of dashes helps readers see the importance of all pauses.

My best friends – Amani, Catherine, Erin, Kai, and Lola – are here.

type word, space, dash, dash, space, next word, and Word will do it automatically

DASH

Use to introduce a list, a restatement, an amplification, or a dramatic shift in tone or thought

(basically can replace a colon, but colons are more formal and less dramatic than a dash)

Only use if there is a specific reason for its use (don’t want unnecessary choppiness)

In my hometown, people’s basic needs include the following items – sesame seed oil, honey, safflower oil, and that half-liquid “peanuts only” peanut butter.

BRACKETS

Use to enclose any words/phrases that have been inserted into an otherwise word-for-word quotation Audubon reports that “if there are not enough young to

balance deaths, the end of the species [California condor] is inevitable” (4).

The Latin word “sic” in brackets indicates that an error in a quoted sentence appears in the original source.

Do NOT overuse because calling attention to others’ mistakes can appear snobbish. According to the review, Nelly Fortado’s performance

was brilliant, “exceeding [sic] the expectations of even her most loyal fans.”

BRACKETS

Use to enclose any words/phrases that have been inserted into an otherwise word-for-word quotation Audubon reports that “if there are not enough young to

balance deaths, the end of the species [California condor] is inevitable” (4).

The Latin word “sic” in brackets indicates that an error in a quoted sentence appears in the original source.

Do NOT overuse because calling attention to others’ mistakes can appear snobbish. According to the review, Nelly Fortado’s performance

was brilliant, “exceeding [sic] the expectations of even her most loyal fans.”

BRACKETS PRACTICE

1. Lisette’s speech contained the following remark: “I accept this medal Comal College Student of the Year with the acknowledgment of the support of my family, friends, and teachers.”

[Comal College Student of the Year]

2. The actor remarked, none too humbly, “When I deliver my character’s famous speech Act I Scene 3, the audience weeps.”

[Act I Scene 3]

BRACKETS PRACTICE

3. If you read the quotation from the Navy

captain (see the article entitled “Life Down

Under” page 4, column 5), you will have a

better understanding of life on a submarine.

[page 4, column 5]

4. At one point in the interview, the singer

responded, “When I’m home London, England,

I occasionally give free concerts.”

[London, England]

BRACKETS PRACTICE

5. As part of the preparation for your trip, you will find it immensely helpful to read about the local customs (the “When in Rome...” section of Chapter 2 pages 18-20).

[pages 18-20]

6. The mayor-elect then commented, “It is imperative that we make this the proposed loop around the city a priority of this administration.”

[the proposed loop around the city]

BRACKETS PRACTICE

7. The winner answered my question about the

best type of racing bicycle with “There’s no

doubt that mine a twenty-seven speed Italian

bicycle is the best.”

[a twenty-seven speed Italian bicycle]

8. To get to the Connellys’ farm, you go down

Arrowhead Road (between Route 10 the

turnoff is north of Evinston and Route 52).

[the turnoff is north of Evinston]

BRACKETS PRACTICE

9. “Do you happen to know the year that Tony

Dorsett was awarded it the Heisman Trophy?”

Luella asked.

[the Heisman Trophy]

10. Please turn to the statistics on the world

population (see page 46 Chart C) before

continuing.

[Chart C]

ELLIPSIS MARK…

Use to indicate that words have been deleted from an otherwise word-for-word quotation

The governor said, “It is very important for our children...that the school year be extended...and that they go to school...360 days a year” (Smith 82).

If a full sentence or more is deleted in the middle of a quoted passage, use a period before the three ellipsis dots

“If we don’t properly train, teach, or treat our growing prison population,” says long-time reform advocate Luis Rodriguez, “somebody else will….This may well be the safety issue of the new century” (16).

ELLIPSIS MARK…

Use to indicate a hesitation or an interruption in

speech or to suggest unfinished thoughts

“The apartment building next door…it’s going up in

flames!” yelled Marcia.

SLASH

Use to separate two or three lines of poetry

Add a space before and after the slash

Roses are red / violets are blue / sugar is sweet

Use to separate paired terms

Do not use space before or after slash

Pass/fail, producer/director

Do not use and/or, he/she, is/or

Rewrite instead

HYPHEN

Use the dictionary to see if whether or not a word

is hyphenated or compound

Water-repellent, waterproof, water table

Use when two or more words are used together

as an adjective before a noun

Richa Gupta is not yet a well-known candidate.

Do not use to connect –ly adverbs to words they

modify

WRONG: A slowly-moving truck tied up traffic

HYPHEN

Hyphenate fractions and certain numbers when

they are spelled out

One-fourth

Use with the prefixes ill-, ex-, and self-

Self-help

Use with the suffix -elect

President-elect

HYPHEN

Use in certain words to avoid ambiguity or to

separate awkward double or triple letters

Re-creation and recreation

Anti-intellectual (double i)

Cross-stitch (double s)

HYPHEN PRACTICE

1. In the story, the villain dies from a self inflicted wound.

Self-inflicted

2. Bill Bradley is an ex basketball player.

Ex-basketball

3. Governor elect Rousseau was born right here in our town.

Governor-elect

4. The Assad family left Istanbul on a bitterly cold day.

correct

HYPHEN PRACTICE

5. Have you hear that only forty two percent of the people in this area favor a bike trail?

Forty-two

7. Did you know that manatees have trouble hearing low frequency sounds?

Low-frequency

8. At this location today, one hundred and three people have registered to vote.

correct

9. Elissa is looking for an oil free moisturizing liquid.

Oil-free

PEER REVIEW ARGUMENT ANALYSIS

On peer review sheet, write

Reviewed by: (insert your name)

Summary author: (peer’s name)

Exchange essays.

Read the essay and complete the peer

review sheet.

Give both to author (your peer).

FOR THURSDAY…

Argument analysis final copy

Causal analysis mulligans